初中动名词讲解第二次.doc

博知教育 动名词专讲动名词：概念：是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。 要点提示 动名词，即动词后加ing 的形式，即doing sth. 它的作用相当于一个名词，所以叫做“动名词”。英语中，有些动词后通常接动名词，如appreciate, enjoy, cant help 等。另外，介词后面如果出现动词的话，肯定是用动名词。还有些动词短语后面的to 是介词，也要用动名词，如get used to doing sth, look forward to doing sth. 等。动名词可以有被动，如 being seen；它也有否定形式，如not being able to；动名词前还可以加逻辑主语，如your coming to my party, him offering help to us 等。时态/语态主动被动 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如： admit to preferto be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy cant help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in 3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机 2 worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为值得。 1. worth： be worth + n.当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 常见的有It s worth while to do./ It s worth（someones）while doing be worth doing sth.某事值得被做 The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。 2. worthy：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做 The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again. 3. worthwhile：be worthwhile to do sth 值得做某事 It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。 典型例题 It is not _ to discuss the question again and again. A. worth B. worthyC. worthwhileD. worth while 答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。 课后练习：1. Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined 2. He gives people the impression _ many poems. A. of having writtenB. to have written C. of being writtenD. to write 3. The thief took away the womans wallet without_. A. being seenB. seeing C. him seeingD. seeing him 4. People appreciate _with him because he has a good sense of humor. A. to workB. to have worked C. workingD. have working 5. Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you. A. to be able B. being able C. to been able D. of being able 6. No one can avoid _ by advertisements. A. to be influencedB. being influenced C. influencingD. having influence 7. They are considering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house 8. He thought that _. A. the effort doing the job was not worth B. the effort was not worth in doing the job C. it was not worth the effort doing the job D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job9. If I had remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen. A. to lockB. locking C. to have lockedD. having locked 10. Your shirt needs _. Youd better have it done today. A. ironB. to iron C. ironingD. being ironed 11. You cant help _ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A. to hearB. to be heard C. hearingD. with hearing 12. It is difficult to get used _ in a tent after having a soft, comfortable bed to lie on. A. sleepB. to sleepingC. sleptD. to sleep 13. It is no use _ me not to worry. A. you tellB. your telling C. for you to have toldD. having told 14. He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers. A. to write.to receiveB. writing.to receive C. writing.receivingD. to write.for receiving 15. The suspect at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them. A. receiving.selling B. to receive.to sell C. to receiving.to selling D. to have received.to have sold 16. She apologized for _ to come. A. her not being ableB. her being not able C. not being ableD. that shes not able to 17. John regretted _ to the meeting last week. A. not goingB. not to go C. not having been goingD. not to be going 18. Please stop _, boys, I have something important to _ you. A. saying .talkB. telling . say C. talking .speakD. talking . tell 19. Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder? A. to fix B. fixing C. for fixing D. fix 20. “Why isnt Nancy going to meet us?”“Its my fault. I forgot all about _ her.” A. telephoning toB. to telephone C. to telephone toD. the telephoning to 21. “Why were you late?”“I had a hard time _ up this morning.” A. to getB. getC. gotD. getting 22. I remember _ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A. once offeringB. him once offering C. him to offerD. to offer him23.You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in24.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting； paintedB. painted； painting C. painting； painting D. painted； painted25.The young trees we planted last week require _with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of26. Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home? A. going.to haveB. to go.to have C. to go.havingD. going.have 27. Prior to _ the formal speech, first he will introduce himself. A. delivering B. deliver C. being delivering D. being delivered 28. I dont mind _ by bus, but I hate _ in queues. A. to travel.standing B. having traveled.standing C. traveling.to stand D. traveling.standing 29. What about _ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go_ next week. A. buying.to shop B. buy.shopping C. buying.shoppingD. to buy.shopping 30. We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _ where it was. A. in finding.knowing B. finding.to know C. to find.knowing D. to find.to know 31. We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school. A. she succeeding B. her succeeding C. she succeed D. her to succeed 32. I dont like _ at me. A. them laughingB. their laugh C. them laughD. them to have laughed 33. We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out. A. sleeping.to camp B. sleeping.camping C. to sleep.to camp D. to sleep.camping 34. I have no objection _ the evening with them. A. to spend B. to spending C. of spending D. spending 35. After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A. being interviewed B. interviewed C. interviewing D. having interviewed 36. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. A. objected to having B. were objected to haveC. objected to have D. were objected to having 37. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination. A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared 38. It is no good _ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned. A. trying to B. to try to C. try to D. tried to 39. After _ him better, I regretted _ him unfairly. A. getting to know.to judge B. getting to know.to have judged C. getting to have know.judging D. getting to know.having judged 40. He is looking forward to _ his holiday in Britain. A. spend B. have spent C. spending D. having been spending 41. Before _ the house, you should get a surveyor_ over it. A. buying.looking B. having bought.to look C. buying.to have looked D. buying.to look 42. In some countries people favor _ together even though there is much more space. A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed 43. “Why was Fred so upset?”“He isnt used _ criticized.” A. be B. to be C. to being D. having been 44. Its no use _ to get a bargain these days. A. to expect B. expecting C. wanting D. you expect45. “Why were you so late for work today?”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.” A. Driving B. I drove C. To drive D. That I drove 46. It was impolite of him _without _good-bye. A. to leave, saying B. leaving, to say C. to leave, to say D. leaving, saying 47. He kept _to his parents. A. putting off to write B. to put off to write C. putting off writing D. to put off writing 48. Ill go with you after I get through with _the house. A. cleaning B. to cleaning C. to be cleaned D. having cleaned 49.