2017年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研专业课复习资料参考书目.pdf

育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 20172017 年对外经济贸易大学考研专业课解析年对外经济贸易大学考研专业课解析 第二部分 文体错误判断与修改第二部分 文体错误判断与修改 1 Choppy 不连贯的短句 choppy sentences 不连贯的短句指两个或两个以上简短句子排列在一起 这些短句提供的信息量很小 甚至把一个简单的思想内容也割裂成两个或两个以上的内容用 短句加以表达 虽然这些句子语法正确 但不连贯 显得乏力 在写作中应避免连续使用这 样的句子 例如 Some students go to college to get a degree Some students go to college to get an education My best friend in high school was our English teacher Her name was Li Ming She taught us English for three years Tom wrote a quick note It was to Nancy She was his former employer The trees were covered with ice They sparkled in the sunlight They were beautiful 要改写好这些短句 可以使用各种不同的方法 下面这几种方法较常见 1 如果句与句之间意义并重 用并列连词 and but or yet etc 或连接副词 therefore however thus otherwise etc 改写为并列句 例如 Some students go to college to get a degree and others go to college to get an education 2 如果一个句子依附于另一个句子 意义上有主次之分 可用从属连词 because when if since etc 改写为复合句 例如 My best friend in high school was our English teacher Ms Li Ming who taught us English for three years 3 把其中某个短句改为同位语 例如 Tom wrote a quick note to Nancy his former employer 4 把其中某个短句改为分词结构 例如 Sparkling in the sunlight the ice covered trees were beautiful Choppy Sentences Choppy sentences are successive sentences that are too short e g 1 There was a knock at the door I asked Nobody answered 2 He found the kitchen window open He put a ladder against the window He climbed in 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 The way to improve it is to join the elated ideas into one compound or complex sentence by using appropriate transitional words or to change some sentences into phrases attached to some other sentences 1 There was a knock at the door I asked who it was but got no answer 2 Finding the kitchen window open he put a ladder against it and climbed in CHOPPY SENTENCES Problem Too many short simple sentences can make your writing appear unsophisticated and your ideas seem disconnected This impression can also be caused by too many sentences in a row that begin with a simple subject Notice repeated subjects in choppy examples below e g She took She had She Solutions SHOW LOGICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN IDEAS by using words that show cause and effect such asbecause since andso and words that show contrast such asbut yet and although Choppy She took dance classes She had no natural grace or sense of rhythm She eventually gave up the idea of becoming a dancer Revised She took dance classes but she had no natural grace or sense of rhythm so she eventually gave up the idea of becoming a dancer JOIN MULTIPLE ACTIONS BY THE SAME AGENT INTO ONE SENTENCE by using subordination phrases beginning withif when after as etc and coordination sentences and phrases joined by conjunctions likeand but so etc Choppy Bears emerge from hibernation in the spring They wander through wetlands They feed mainly on grasses Revised When bears emerge from hibernation in the spring they wander through wetlands and feed mainly on grasses USE APPOSITIVES phrases that add information about a noun Choppy Jesse Ventura has denied an interest in running for the senate Ventura is the former governor of Minnesota Revised 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 Jesse Ventura the former governor of MN has denied an interest in running for the senate INTEGRATE MINOR DETAILS You don t need a new sentence for each piece of information Choppy The boy asked his father a question The boy is five years old The question was about death Revised The five year old boy asked his father a question about death LEARN TO USE MODIFYING PHRASES EFFECTIVELY phrases built around an adjective or the participial form of a verb often ingor ed en Choppy My aunt is very strict with my cousin She expects her to study all the time Revised My aunt is very strict with my cousin expecting her to study all the time Choppy I was exhausted I stared at the page I was unable to comprehend a single word Revised Exhausted I stared at the page unable to comprehend a single word NOTE This kind of phrase must describe a word in the sentence If it does not you have what s called a dangling modifier for example Exhausted the page was incomprehensible Who is exhausted Not the page But the tired person is not part of the sentence 2 Fragments Sentence fragments A sentence fragment means a word group that lacks a subject or and a verb or others and cannot express a complete thought or A sentence fragment is part of a sentence such as a phrase or a dependent or subordinate clause which begins with a capitalized letter and ends as a sentence does 在英语中 词 词组 短语 从句 同位语是不能单独成句的 一旦它们单独成句便成 sentence fragments Four types of sentence fragments 1 Fragments Without Verbs 2 Fragments Without Subjects 3 Fragments Without Subjects and or Verbs 4 Fragments of Dependent Clauses 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 When we meet the sentence fragments we usually attach them to their main principle part in grammatical way or supply a subject and a predicate e g 1 After I arrived in Chicago by bus I checked into a room Correct After I arrived in Chicago by bus I checked into a room 2 He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes Apparently not noticing that half the class was asleep Correct He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes Apparently he did not notice that half the class was asleep 3 Roger and Lester piling on at the goal line Correct Roger and Lester were piling on at the goal line 4 A woman to be respected and even feared Correct She is a woman to be respected and even feared Correct She is respected and even feared 练习 1 The most popular animal oil for perfume today is musk Although some people dislike its heavy sweet odor fragment 2 The earliest historical documents from the Middle East record the use of fragrances Not only in religious ceremonies but also on the body fragment 3 The baboon stared at his challenger Poised for combat fragment 4 The animals acted out a rivalry Which mystified their keepers fragment 5 The challenger was a newcomer Who was unusually fierce fragment 6 She backed closer and closer to the end of the diving board At last falling into the water fragment 7 People waving flags and cheering Lined the streets for the parade fragment 8 Many pine trees bear large cones Which appear in August fragment 3 Comma splice The comma splice A comma splice is the use of a comma to join two independent clauses 用逗号连接两个不带关联词或连接词的两个独立句子 英语中称之为 comma splice For example 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark Editing Comma Splice Comma splice is the error of joining two independent clauses with nothing but a comma Comma splice has two main forms 1 Run on sentence joined by a comma alone Run on sentences are independent clauses that have not been joined correctly e g Some gourmets like the new French cooking others find it dull incorrect comma splice run on 2 Run on sentence joined by a comma and a word that is not a coordinating conjunction e g Some gourmets like the new French cooking however others find it dull incorrect comma splice run on There are 4 ways to revise a run on sentence 1 Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction e g Some gourmets like the new French cooking but others find it dull Correct 2 Make the clauses into separate sentences e g Some gourmets like the new French cooking Others find it dull Correct 3 Restructure the sentence i e convert an independent clause to subordinate dependent clause e g Although some gourmets like the new French cooking others find it dull Correct 4 Use a semicolon e g Some gourmets like the new French cooking others find it dull Correct 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 OR Some gourmets like the new French cooking however others find it dull Correct OG 10th Ques number 10 Example of Comma splice run on 10 However much United States voters may agree that there is waste in government and that the government as a whole spends beyond its means it is difficult to find broad support for a movement toward a minimal state A However much United States voters may agree that E There is agreement among United States voters that A is the correct answer E incorrect E starts with an independent rather than a subordinate clause i e There is agreement among United States voters that there is waste in government and that the government as a whole spends beyond its means and separates its two independent clauses with a comma hence creates a run on sentence There is agreement among United States voters that there is waste in government and that the government as a whole spends beyond its means Independent clause It is difficult to find broad support for a movement toward a minimal state Independent clause 练习 9 Petric is not a nurse she is a doctor comma splice 10 She did well in college her average was 3 9 comma splice 11 The ship was huge its mast stood thirty feet high comma splice 12 Chemistry has contributed much to our understanding of foods many foods such as wheat and beans can be produced in the laboratory comma splice 13 Some laboratory grown foods taste good they are nutritious comma splice 14 The vitamins are adequate the flavor is deficient comma splice 15 Rain had fallen steadily for sixteen hours many basements were flooded comma splice 16 Cattle fermented beverages and rare shells have served as money each one had 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 actual value for the society comma splice 4 run on sentence 1 两个独立句子连在一起 中间并没有任何标点符号 例如 误 The girls made the fire the boys cooked the food 正 a The girls made the fire The boys cooked the food c The girls made the fire and the boys cooked the food 2 两个独立句子中间仅用逗号分开 例如 误 He went to class he forgot his paper 正 a He went to class He forgot his paper b He went to class he forgot his paper c He went to class but he forgot his paper d When he got to class he found that he had forgotten his 3 把连接副词 conjunctive adverbs 误用为连接词 例如 误 She continued teaching however her heart was not in it 正 a She continued teaching but her heart was not in it b She continued teaching however her heart was not in it c She continued teaching her heart however was not in it 应特别注意 下列副词容易被误认为是连接词 accordingly also anyhow besides consequently furthermore however in stead likewise meanwhile moreover nevertheless otherwise still then therefore thus 等 下面两例都是病句 其纠正的方法可参看上例 误 Everything seemed quiet then the explosion came 误 I was late nevertheless I made the plane 4 把转折语 transitional phrases 误用为连接语 connectives 例如 误 He disliked discipline that is he really was lazy 正 a He disliked discipline that is he really was lazy b He disliked discipline that is anything demanding 应特别注意 下列转折语容易被误认为是连接语 for example for instance for this reason in addition in other words in fact in summary in the same way in conclusion in the mean time on one side on the other hand on the contrary to sum up 等 模拟练习 见附录 第三部分 阅读理解第三部分 阅读理解 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 前两篇类似专八阅读 Multiple choiceMultiple choiceMultiple choiceMultiple choice comprehensioncomprehensioncomprehensioncomprehension questionsquestionsquestionsquestions 可选用专八 经济 报刊题源阅读 FT 快速阅读 十大解题思路 一 细节题 1 题干上有五个 W 一个 H 提问 2 题干中明确的会提到时间 地点 人物或者事物等细 节信息 3 有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问 4 题干和选项有可能考察一种 因果关系 5 解题关键 返回原文 准确定位 做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身 返回原文 1 可以根据题干所列的地点 时间 人物 事物返回原文 2 根据出题的顺序返回原文 3 根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词 或同义词返回原文 4 通过长难句返回原文 二 句子理解题 1 标志 题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话 重要的不是上下文 而是句子本身 2 步骤 1 重点是返回原文 对该句子进行语法 句法 词法的精准解析 正确 不能 推 理解该句子的深刻含义 2 若该句话的含义不能确定 则适当依据上下文进行判断 局部含义有整体含义决定 3 一般来说 选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系 只不过 用其他短语表达 3 错误选项特征 推的过远 做题时注意把握理解度 4 正确选项不 包含过于绝对化的词语 三 主旨大意题 1 标志 best title main idea main problem conclusion mainly disguss mainly deal with 或 者问作者的写作目的 purpose the author intends to do sth a digest of 利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题 不管是出现在什么位置 都把他作为最后一题来做 2 方法 1 段落少 用串线法 2 快速作文法 两个选项难以分辨的时候 用这两个 选项做作文 快速给出纲 3 选项不能选择局部信息 也不能选范围过宽的信息 四 态度题 1 标志 题干中出现 attitude believe consider deam regard 2 作者态度可以分为三大类 1 正态度 支持 乐观 赞同 2 客观 中立 公正 3 反对 批评 怀疑 3 等价选项都不选 4 有些选项一定不是正确答案 永陪选项 indifferent 漠不关心 subjective 主观的 biased 有偏见的 puzzled 迷惑不解的 5 识别作者态度 方法一 可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断 方法二 当作者态度没有明确提出时 找文章中有褒贬含义 含有感情 色彩的词 6 特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系 做题时不要把自己的态度纳入其中 而且 要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度 五 态度题的新趋势 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 1 现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度 也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度 做题 时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度 2 选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词 而是改为带有程度限制的词语 带有如 下词语的选项往往是正确的 quarded 慎重的 qualified 有条件的 tempered 缓和的 因 为带有保留态度的观点比较客观 一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的刺绣是的选项必然是错误 的 如 strongly compeletly entirely 六 推理题 1 标志 往往出现 infer imply learn 2 解题关键 1 绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达 正确答案与 原文之间基本上不存在推理关系 2 做题时看是否可以通过题干返回原文 或者依据选项返回原文 一般围绕文章中的一 两个重点句进行思考 特别注意文章中含义深刻或者结构复杂的句子 因为对作者所表达的 意思不能一下子理解的长难句是命题所在 尤其注意 做题时不能想的太多 推的太远 是否能把原文看懂才是关键 七 例证题的解题思路 1 标志 example exemplify illustration demonstration 2 解题关键 不在于是否看懂了例子 而在于是否找到了例子所支持的观点 3 步骤 1 返回原文 找出该例子支持的观点 80 向上 20 向下 2 在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致 意思最接近的一个 注意 有时候例证题所支持的观点需要归纳总结 4 错误答案的论述方式 混淆论点与论据 列举无关常识 八 判断题 1 标志 which of the following statement is not ture All of the following is ture except 2 思路 1 首先判断是三对一错还是三错一对 所谓对是符合原文或者符合作者态度的 所谓错 是指原文有矛盾或者原文未提及的概念 或者与作者态度相反的内容 2 每个选项力争返回原文 与原文信息进行一一比较排除 3 注意这种题目的选项 有时候会集中于某段的信息或者各具一些共同特征 所以做题 时可以先对比一下四个选项 找出其中可能存在的共同点 再回到原文定位 九 词汇题 1 标志 在题目中明确指出某处的单词或者词组 要求辨别其意思 2 关键 该单词并不重要 重要的是上下文 3 如果该单词认识 并且不超纲 那么他的字面意思绝对不是正确答案 其正确答案是根 据上下文推出的更深层的含义 该含义也许与原单词表面意思没有关系 4 方法借助上下文理解 在上下文中寻找同性词或词组 利用上下文中逻辑关系将四个选 项代入替换 看语义是否通顺 十 指代题 1 标志 在题干中明确指出某个代词要求辨别 it that one they 2 步骤 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 1 返回原文 定位代词 并且准确理解分析该句话 2 向上搜索离其最近的名词 短语 句子 3 将找到的词 短语 句子带入替换 看是否通顺 4 在四个选项中 找与找到的词最接近的选项 第二部分 错误选项的十大特征 1 无中生有 乃原文中未提及的概念 2 正反混淆 3 所答非所问 选项符合原文 但是不符合题干 4 扩大范围 5 因果倒置 6 常识判断 符合常识的不一定是正确答案 但是不符合常识的一定不是正确答案 7 过分绝对 never must no 名词 若有缓和就不是错误的 8 推的过远 9 变换词性 10 偷换概念 第三部分 正确答案五大特征 1 正确答案通常与文章中心思想 主旨大意有关 2 正确答案所在位置 1 首段段尾句 2 转折处 3 因果关系处 4 条件关系处 3 正确答案设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换 或者正话反说 反话正说 4 正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词 can may might 尤 其是推理题的答案常这样设置 以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性 5 正确答案具有概括性 深刻性 因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点 第四部分 遇到难的单词时 A 如果影响到文章的理解时要要根据上下文进行判断 B 不影响整体理解时可直接跳 过 重要的是要相信自己能读懂 六 关键的句子读不懂时 关键的句子读不懂时 首先从结构角度进行缩句 找出独立的谓语动词可以帮助理解句子的 主干 若连谓语动词都找不到可以借助上下文逻辑关系对这句话意思进行猜测 七 遇到文章完全看不懂时 遇到难的文章时可通读文章第一句话和尾段第一句话看是否能把握住前后呼应的关系猜测 文章大意 与此同时快速浏览全文 充分做记号 记号点 1 显示文章结构的信息词 but even although for example 2 显示作者态度的具有感情色彩的词 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 育明教育考研专业课第一品牌 翻译硕士考研复试学习方法翻译硕士考研复试学习方法 复试是大家成功路上的关键一步 在复试前 除了专业知识要扎实外 还需要了解导师 信息 复试的大致程序 考察重点 知识所划定的范围 以及复试备考经验的传授 复试作 为考研最后的门槛 起着至关重要的作用 所以一定要引起重视 育明教育孙老师针对笔试 面试 思政三块与大家分享一些经验 希望大家都能成功跨越最后一道门坎儿 正式笔试正式笔试 就近年来各院校复试的专业课题型而言 基本都包括英译汉和汉译英的篇章 翻译 专业笔试就是两段翻译 一段汉译英 一段英译汉 三个小时完成 这与考研初试有 所区别的是 各院校会根据自己的特色和专长出题 例如 考经贸类学校的同学们可重点复 习商务贸易英语相关知识 如果有指定参考书的 需认真阅读参考书 重点记忆相关的专业 术语 如果没有指定参考书