that、which、who引导从句时的区分.doc

一、that都可以引导什么从句？答：1、用作关系代词，引导定语从句 The only thing that I can do is to have a rest . 我唯一能做的事就是休息。 2、用作关联词，引导名词性从句 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 地球围着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。（引导主语从句） It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那人。（主语从句） I will see to it that everything is ready. 我会注意把一切准备妥当的。(宾语从句)The trouble is that we are short of money.困难就在于我们缺钱。（表语从句） There is no doubt that he is the best choice for this position. 无疑，他是这一职位的最佳人选。（同位语从句） 3、构成短语，引导状语从句 Bring it nearer so that I may see it better .拿近一点，好让我看清楚些。 ( so that 引导目的状语从句) She got up early , so that she caught the early bus. 她起的早，所以赶上了早班车。( so that 引导结果状语从句)In order that everybody should hear him , he spoke loudly. 他大声说话，为了使大家都能听得见。（in order that引导目的状语从句） Now that they have taken matters into their hands the pace of events has quickened.他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。（now that 引导原因状语从句） 2、 关系代词who和that的选择 关系代词who和that都可以指人，有时使用场合有区别。 （一）关系代词who的使用场合 1who可以代表人、人格化了的动物、神话故事中的人物或有生命的事物。如： 1）The dog who is barking is our pet（正在叫的那条狗是我们的宠物） 2）Those who want to go please sign their names here（想去的人在此签名） 2在从句中，作主语倾向于用who。如： 1）The girl who dances beautifully gave us a performance that day 2）Do you know the person who spoke just now？ 3当先行词泛指代词he，they或指示代词those等时，常用who。如： 1）He who does no work gets no pay(不劳动者不得食） 2）We are badly （非常地）in need of those who can work in real earnest （我们迫切需要能认真工作的人）4先行词前出现不定冠词时，多用 who。如： 1）I have found a man who can do this work 5在there be句型中，既作主语又表示人时多用who，或省略。如： 1）There is someone outside the office who wants to see you 2）Theres a m an who lives in that village 6不定代词one，ones，anyone等作先行词时，多用who。如： One who works without complain is welcome here 7定语从句和先行词分隔，用that可能引起歧义时，应用who。如： I saw a man in the street who was surrounded by many people 这个句子如用that，就可能被人认为是定语从句修饰street。 8在非限制性定语从句中，一般要用 who，不用that。如： The soldiers，who may have felt sorry for the boy，had him stand with his back to his father 9有两个定语从句出现在一个句子中，一个关系代词用that的话，另一个就用 who。如： The man that I like is the one who is both competent and diligentThe man who is at table is his brother that has been serving in the army 但在平行结构中，应根据平行结构的原则重复同一个关系代词。如： I met a Greek who travelled a lot in the world，but who knew very little about his own country （两个从句修饰的是一个词a Greek)注意：关系代词前如有介词或在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词要用 whom。如： 1）In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help 2）The brave man，whom the tiger was shot by，is a good hunter （二）关系代词that的使用场合 1在以疑问词who开始的句子中，避免两个who重复，用that。如： Who is the man that is shouting there？ 2关系代词在从句中作表语时，多用 that。如： She is not the girl that she was three years ago 3先行词被形容词最高级、only等修饰时，应用that。如： Tang Guoqiang has become one of the best actors that appear on Chinese screens 4先行词人和物两者都有时，要用that。如： He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited 5关系代词与the same（指同一人）连用时，只能用that。如： This is the same person that I met yesterday 三、关系代词that和which的选择 关系代词that和which都可以指物，在很多场合两者都通用。但有时that和which的使用场合并不相同。 （一）关系代词which的使用场合 1如果先行词是that，关系代词应用 which。如： What was that which you said about him ？ 2先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔，用which较好。如： I have some interests outside my professional work which gives me great pleasure 3一个句子中如有两个定语从句，一个定语从句用了关系代词that，另一个从句宜用which。如： This is the book that you bought which you have lost（第二个定语从句的先行词实际上是前一个定语从句的关系代词that）Ill borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders 但在平行结构中，应重复同一个关系代词。如： I have a house which is located on the hillside，which faces the south 4非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which。如： I will buy a book，which tells about the use of English idioms 5相当于并列句和状语从句的定语从句，用which引导。如： 1）We went to the nearest port which we reached safely 2）He persisted in having a bicycle which he actually had no use for 6关系代词前如有介词，关系代词要用 which。如： They had a meeting at which he spoke on the current economic situation 如把介词移至句末，可用that（或省略）。如： This is the book（that）she was looking for （二）关系代词that的使用场合 1一般说来，先行词是all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few等，关系代词应用that。如： 1）Thats all（that）I know 2）Everything that can be done is done 2先行词之前有all，any，every，no，little，much，only，very等修饰时，关系代词应用that。如： 1）Hell read all the books that are sold here 2）Ask any questions（that）you dont understand 3先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词应用that。如： 1）This is the most wonderful film that I have ever seen 2）The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan 4当先行词是to be的表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时，关系代词应用that。如： 1）Its a song that is very popular 2）My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be 5当主句以There be开头时，关系代词应用that。如： There is a seat in the corner that is still free 6当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词which，后一个关系代词宜用that。如： Ill borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders 但两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句中用关系代词that，另一个定语从句也应重复that。如： He told me to read a book that is very short，and that is very interesting 7与the same（指同一物）连用，构成the samethat结构时，关系代词只能用that。如： This is