动物保护类及弱势群体类思路与范文.doc

Zoos are sometimes seen as necessary but poor alternative to a natural environment. Is it necessary to keep animals in zoos?动物园的必要性：1. Zoos are crucial for protecting certain rare species from extinction. 2. zoos also assist research facilities to carry out harmless scientific research on animals living patterns.3. zoos can keep animals away from barbaric harm and hunting.4. children will learn how to protect animals through observing them and this will also add to their knowledge that they will never acquire in classroom.动物园的弊端：1. some people think it is waste of money.2. it violates the rights of animals3. it breaks the ecological balance4. it may result in environmental pollutionSample:In the modern society, zoos are almost indispensable places in large cities for people to visit. In some large zoos, there are various animals from space to sea, and from primitive invertebrates to advanced and intelligent mammals. In the zoos, all animals, including those rare animals, such as panda, Africa elephant, and North-East tiger, could enjoy good care and protection away from any hurt. However, along with the stronger natural environmental protection consciousness, many people think that to put animals into small cages will change their living instincts, and therefore break the ecological balance.Viewed from the basic relation between animals and human beings, animals should have the equal freedom as human beings. They are all forms of life. Animals have their own living instinct, and it is this instinct that forms the biological chain of the earth. This relation is called ecological balance academically. For example, insect-bird-snake. If most birds in a region are killed and locked into cages by humane beings, the pests will eat out all crops, and the snakes will lose a large part of food-resources (birds), therefore leading to the starvation and death.This opinion sounds ideal theoretically. However in reality, human beings and other animals cannot stay together peacefully on the Earth. Because of human beings lust for fortune, many valuable animals are killed or sold, especially those endangered species. Therefore, zoos appear as an active way for people to protect those poor animals. First, this is an action not only for animals but also for human being itself. Once the biological chain is broken, human beings will be punished inevitably. Next, zoos can serve a purpose of educating and entertaining people, narrowing the distance between human beings and animals. Last, zoos can be a scientific study center to rescue more endangered spices and make animals better serve peoples need.The key point of this topic is freedom or protection. In my opinion, those two aspects can be unified. It is necessary to keep animals in zoos for the purpose of protection, teaching and study. Lets think it further, the purpose of all these actions is to make animals live happier, therefore, maintain the ecological balance, hence protect our own living environment.Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing that it causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it is necessary. Discuss both views and give your opinion.支持把动物作为实验对象的观点：1. Animals have no capacities to recognize the rights of other species, and they cannot make moral choices.2. until now, human beings cannot find out the replacement of animals.3. Animals bear a resemblance to humans, and respond similarly as humans4. the animal-based experiments are vital for the development of technology.5. Humans use animal experiments not only for their own interests but also for the interests of animals.反对把动物作为实验对象的观点：1. the rights of animals should be protected, and we should prohibit the behavior of abuse. 2. the result and information of animal experiment is unreliable and misleading, because there are many differences between human and animals.3. vivisection is cruel and exerts negative influence to children.Sample:Nowadays, live animals ranging from rats to monkeys, are being used as part of scientific experiments. In most cases, they are treated humanely. In some cases, however, they are even killed due to viruses they are injected with.When it comes to experiments with live animals, some people are convinced that it is too cruel and unnecessary in a modern, civilized world. Human beings should not only respect their peers, but also show respect to all lives. The most obvious reason for their viewpoint is that it has a negative effect on children education to experiment with live animals. In schools, they are taught to protect animals and take good care of little or injured animals. If they know what is done in the name of science, however, they might learn skepticism and cynicism from early age.On the other hand, others believe that experiments with live animals are justified in the broader interest of human welfare. In the past, science and technology in medicine or biological engineering were not as advanced and efficient as today. When scientists were plagued with a fatal virus or dangerous bacteria, millions of people died as a result. At that time , scientists were forced to find an effective solution as soon as possible. In order to test whether the vaccination could be used on real people without any side effects, animals were necessary.As far as I am concerned, experiments with live animals should not be banned because of their scientific value and the benefits they bring people. However, scientists should be asked to reduce the pain animals go through, and such experiment should be limited. 词汇必备：vivisection 活体解剖perform experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验animal rights 动物权利biological diversity 生物多样性natural balance 自然平衡equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡coexistence 共存endangered animals 濒危动物diversity of species 物种多样性right to live 生存权torture 折磨humane 人道的unreliable 不可信赖的valid 有效的、正当的anatomy 解剖In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?老龄社会的弊端1. Aging will result in escalating health care costs, it will impose a burden for the family and the whole society.2. In the situation of aging and low birth rate, the result will be labor shortage.3. In some places, age discrimination does exist. Some people hire younger people since these people believe that older people are no longer that efficient.4. There has been in the workplace the belief that older workers are less adaptable than younger people, in particular to changing technology.老龄化有可能带来的正面影响：1. Aging, to certain degree, means the increased life expectancy.2. The seniors can use their own professional expertise and specialization to do some volunteer work after they retired. 3. with their rich experience in both work and life, many old people would make good consultants, instructors, coaches and doctors, etc.Sample:All across the globe, a “silver tsunami” is gaining momentum. Governments are concerned with how younger population will support the older generation in terms of health care and other financial support. But elderly people can be productive members of society by taking over child-rearing duties, teaching young people good, old-fashioned values as well as a sense of history and identity.As it is expensive to raise a child, many young couples depend on their parents to look after their grandchild. While this can help keep cost down, there are many benefits to having seniors look after the children. Not only do they have extensive experience in raising their own progeny, these older people are not as anxious and have a more relaxed attitude towards looking after babies and children.Seniors have also lived lives that are full of stories and lessons for the younger generation. The elderly can look back to their own youth to help illustrate certain family values, like filial piety and how hard work and determination can lead to success. Also, many have lived through historic events and can give first-hand accounts of what happened to todays generation. For example, holocaust survivors recounting what they went through are stark reminders of why society must stop dictators like Hitler from taking power.Finally, many older people prefer to continue working in various capacities, from part-time jobs to consulting, as well as spending time volunteering in the community. While their contribution help the economy grow, their invaluable knowledge and experience can be passed on to the younger work force. Finally, older people are living longer and healthier lives thanks to better diets, exercise and clean environments. While enjoying these privileges an improved social safety net has brought them, they are also taking an active part in families, work force as well as the community life. By doing others, these seniors are not only productive but also enrich society and avoid being a burden on the welfare and healthcare system. Currently more and more people respect elders and become convinced that older people should live with their families, which is in contrast to the view that older people should live at a nursing home. What is your opinion?老人与家人同住的好处：1. Generally, the seniors value strong ties among family members. Living with their family members maintains their ties and sense of belonging.2. Apart from the lonesome feeling, the care that their families give is better and considerate.3.Some elderly people are still in good physical condition and have the lively mind, they hope that they can be contributing members of community. If they are in the nursing home, they will be isolated from mainstream society, and separated from the rest of the community.4.Living at home does not need to pay for the extra fee.在老人院的好处：1. some seniors lose their ability to function independently, they need special care. Family members may lack the knowledge or skill of this kind of specialized care.2. Because of heavy working burden, family members cannot take good care of their elderly parents.3. Rest home can provide a good form of housing, and a wider range of accommodation to senior citizens. 4. In nursing home, the elderly have the chance to enjoy the company of their peers, they may not feel lonely.5.Nursing home has more professional staff and better exercise facilities, the quality of life can be improved. The seniors can keep their minds sharp and physical fitness.Sample: The swelling of the aged population is an inescapable trend in many countries. There is no point in denying that managing this fundamental social change is an unprecedented challenge, such as presenting suitable housing and care options to the elderly people. As to whether a nursing home suits the elderly people better than their own homes where they can stay with their families, my view is that it is a decision that varies according to personal needs and characters. Families are the key to a happy old age. Elders can enjoy the company of the peers of the same age in a nursing home but meanwhile, suffer a loss of family life. Living away from their families, older people are prone to the feeling of loneliness. Living under the same roof, old people and their children can receive mutual benefits. The former are made happier and more animated by the presence of young people, and the latter can learn many lessons from the rich and valuable treasure of life experiences of their elderly parents. Older members are capable of shouldering more family responsibilities following their retirement. Despite the strong preference among the elderly for stay with their families, a nursing home functions well to help those who do not have the co