大学英语之泛读第一册6~10单元答案.doc

Cloze - Passage 6Adults who had been fed plenty of fruit when they were children are less likely to suffer from certain types of cancer, British scientists said on Wednesday. A medical study of _1_ 4,000 men and women showed that the more fruits the adults had eaten when they were _2_the less likely they were to suffer from lung, bowel and breast cancer. This study shows that childhood fruit consumption may have a long term _3_effect on cancer risk in adulthood, Dr. Maria Maynard of the Medical Research Council in London said. All of the adults in the study had filled in a food _4_during the 1930s for a research study looking into the eating habits of families in _5_and urban areas of England and Scotland. Maynard and her colleagues studied the medical records of the group up to July 2000, by which time 483 cases of cancer had been _6_. In addition to fewer cases of cancer, a high consumption of fruit was _7_with a lower death rate from all causes. Fruits are loaded with antioxidants, vitamins and other nutrients, which can help to prevent genetic _8_that can lead to the development of cancer. The scientists also studied the _9_of vitamins C, E and beta carotene on cancer but they did not find any _10_that individual antioxidants were as protective as fruit. A) impactB) efficiencyC) associated D) insertE) protectiveF) furthermore G) decentH) diagnosedI) damage J) youngK) inventoryL) rural M) nearlyN) evidenceO) grab Cloze - Passage 7Academy Award nominees who go home empty-handed may not have a shiny Oscar to show off, but they may turn out to be the bigger winners in the game of life. According to a study published in British Medical Journal on December 21, Oscar-winning screenwriters are more successful, more productive, and more _1_ than losing nominees; however, they die sooner by about four years. Because success is usually linked to better health, this is the first _2_ever that success is not associated with improved _3_, says Donald Redelmeier, lead author of the study.Researchers _4_down information about every person who was ever nominated for an Oscar since the awards were first handed out 73 years ago. To explain the _5_findings, he offers two theories. The first is the work-to-death hypothesis. According to Redelmeier, screenwriters are more _6_to lead unhealthy lifestyles, meaning they smoke more, exercise less, and work a lot of late-night hours, which translates into not enough sleep. Screenwriters dont have a boss to report to, which brings into _7_Redelmeiers second explanation, the party-hearty hypothesis. When you become a successful screenwriter, you gain status without daily accountability, and as a _8_your success may lead you to more alcohol, more parties, and more obesity, he says. Redelmeier hopes his study will _9_how important it is to lead a healthy lifestyle. The bottom line, he says, is that greater success may _10_lead to worse health if people fail to look after themselves. A) longevityB) flourishC) apt D) sometimesE) trackedF) respected G) accountH) miracleI) occupation J) puzzlingK) stressL) consequence M) internalN) fairlyO) restrained Cloze - Passage 8After intensive research, scientists have concluded that politicians lie. In a study described in Britains Observer newspaper, Glen Newey, a political scientist at Britains University of Strathclyde, concluded that lying is an important part of _1_ in the modern democracy. Politicians need to be more honest about lying, he told the newspaper. According to Newey, voters expect to be lied to in certain circumstances, and sometimes even _2_it. Politics should be regarded as less like an exercise in producing _3_statements and more like a poker game, he said. And there is an expectation by a poker player that you try to _4_them as part of the game. Newey said lying by politicians can occasionally be _5_justified, such as when national security is at _6_, and the public even has a right to be lied to in cases where they do not expect to be told the whole truth, such as during a war. But the main cause of lying is increased _7_by the public into areas that the government would rather not discuss candidly. If voters only asked fewer questions, politicians would tell them fewer lies. Bill Clinton _8_lied about his affair with Monica Lewinsky, while earlier philandering（追逐女人的） U.S. presidents never had to lie about their _9_, because nobody ever asked. When _10_or parliamentary colleagues start to probe at that area which the government wants to keep secret, you are more likely to be pushed further and further toward the territory of lying, Newey said. A) famouslyB) requireC) politics D) miserableE) intermediateF) journalists G) representingH) affairsI) mechanism J) truthfulK) faithfullyL) probing M) deceiveN) riskO) entirely Cloze - Passage 9Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. It is _1_ not the kind of place where most men would choose to live. But man has always moved to new areas. Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more _2_. Some large _3_are very easy to do in a place without air. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without _4_change when it is in such a place. Air, dust, and clouds cannot _5_mans view of space from the moon. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to _6_spaceship.Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself. Man would be in control of the _7_of life in which he lives. _8_could be removed from the air in this community.Gravity is the one thing that would not be under mans control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be _9_for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good _10_.A) communityB) conditionC) launch D) insightE) chemicalF) mysterious G) experimentsH) probablyI) healthful J) easily K) extendL) render M) promptlyN) blockO) bacteria Cloze - Passage 10Most people think of sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their sharp teeth to attack swimmers. There are a lot of wrong ideas about sharks.First, there are about 350 _1_ of shark, and not all of them are large. They range in _2_from the dwarf shark, which can be only six inches long and can be held in the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 5 feet long. The second _3_of shark concerns its terrible teeth whose number and type can vary greatly among the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven _4_of teeth at the same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the cruel and predatory species do have _5_sharp teeth used to _6_and cut their victim apart, many other types of shark, however, have teeth more _7_to holding than to cutting.Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to _8_out at humans. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of shark have been known to attack humans, and a shark seldom _9_ humans unless is made angry. The types of shark that have the worst record with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no _10_instances of attacks on humans.A) attacksB) negotiateC) size D) declarationE) remoteF) known G) misunderstandingH) notifyingI) extremely J) speciesK) setsL) hence M) tearN) strikeO) suitable Careful Reading Passage 6Hazel asks how one can stay healthy working the hours Ive been working. Heres one thing that helps: dont do it forever! My work is always more than forty hours a week, but these periods of never stopping and sleep deprivation dont go on for very long at a time. The last five weeks or so have been particularly busy, and the last two before a major vote especially so. Most organizers, under the pressure, resort to bad coping mechanisms like overeating, smoking, or drinking too much. Its so easy to think that a quick fix like that will make you feel better, when in the long run it makes you feel worse. I found that keeping low calorie really helped me maintain my mental focus in the last days. Theres something about eating just on the lighter side of what I really need that makes me calmer and sharper. Planning is really the key. We made the appetizing muffins over the July 4th weekend, and they were really a health-saver in these last two weeks. Being able to pull a 275 calorie package of perfectly zoned yumminess out of the freezer, engineered to have 27% of the RDA (Recommended daily allowance) of everything, made grabbing healthy food in a hurry easy. I had appetizing muffins for breakfasts on most days with such toppings as hot sauce, mustard, and fat free cream cheese. I really enjoy this little bread, so I felt like I was feasting instead of feeling deprived. Since my husband packs my lunch time salad, filled with an amazing array of greens that pack a nutritional punch along with pumpkin seeds for zinc and fat and eggwhites for protein, I had lunches taken care of. And I was lucky enough to be working in a place that has a convenient Subway, so Subway salads and low carb wraps were always available. Subway can really be a blessing to the health conscious on the run. The good news is: WE WON! And we won big. 272 votes for us, 128 for the other union, and only 19 for no union at all. It was a fight up until the end, including threats of violence from the other union. Dont worry, Mommies and Daddies out there. I was very careful never to be alone anywhere, I am being extra cautious. Our leaders inside the hospital were under a ton of pressure as they got attacked by both management and the other union, but so many of their co-workers were supportive that they held up beautifully. Now they finally have a chance to negotiate a contract that gets them the kind of salaries, benefits and working conditions they deserve. Its about time.Im off to a meeting to plan next steps. the fun never ends! 1. In order to stay healthy while working busily, the author suggests that _.A. we should work no more than forty hours a weekB. we should try to get rid of the working pressureC. we should try to avoid sleep deprivation and fast foodD. we should stop working and make up for sleep at times2. The author keeps low calorie by _.A. excluding greasy food from her dietB. eating less than necessaryC. taking up a nutritious recipeD. having no more than three meals a day3. What did the author eat for supper?A. Salad and low carb wraps bought in the Subway.B. Appetizing muffins with diverse toppings.C. Green salad with pumpkin seeds and eggwhites.D. A nutritional punch prepared by her husband.4. Being an organizer, the author works for _.A. an election committeeB. a charity fundC. a labor unionD. a hospital management5. “Mommies and Daddies out there” were worried _.A. about the authors personal safetyB. that the authors union would fail in the electionC. about the opposition in the hospitalD. that the author couldnt get through the pressureCareful Reading Passage 7Climbing to the top of my nearest hill in San Francisco, my purpose is not to enjoy the view but to experience a bit of fresh air and nature. Some birds dwell in these urban islands of trees, bushes and soil. So few people are there, but they are happy, relaxed and friendly (unless insane and out to rob). I find the view of San Francisco Bay and the metropolis most disturbing, seeing in all directions the industrial activity and oil-fueled trade of questionable imported products. Massive port facilities dwarf the human scale of sustainable import/export. A very small number of sailboats for pleasure cant quite offer a vision of renewable-energy travel and exchange. Passenger planes take off, military jets show off their ear-splitting capabilities, all against the backdrop of polluted air that is warming in general thanks to commercial activity and the mindless consumption by the individual. The hills are full of roads and energy-wasting houses. Its not like this everywhere; the hills around Kyoto are pitch black at night, for they consist of forest, trails and small, outdoor temples. Seven million people surround me in this metropolitan area. Those among them who really care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs, or what pregnant celebrity has checked into a drug rehabilitation facility, are not likely to be trying to live lightly on the planet. Normal citizens under the spell of mass media want to consume, and be given answers and easy fixes. Such citizens, I suspect, would argue about the color-coordination of the shoes and handbag of the person in front of them in the line, like sheep, to the slaughterhouse. For they are already there in line, as they want to know badly whats on cable TV and whats in the freezer to eat. They may get what they want tonight, and again, and again, but it will come to an abrupt end, and will people pick up a shovel to plant food or pick up the gun to take others food? That depends on the area affected, the culture (urban U.S. or otherwise), and population size. Why should I be disturbed by what I see now, when all is basically calm? Or feel uneasy as I stroll about in the safety of my comfortable home? Is not San Francisco and the surrounding area a great city, with many wonderful people and activities to appreciate? What about the noble struggles of valiant, compromised hard-working people, or the dysfunctional and disabled folk who are really kind? The social injustice that is still pervasive, in our boastful age of scientific and technological power, is outrageous and occupies many of the best hearts and minds in the world who live in our very midst. Much of what ails people, it is thought, is that they do not have enough cheap, affordable energy or material things that are supposed to both satisfy and uplift. More public funds for health care, through an end to costly, imperialist wars, would be the ticket to a healthy society, in the eyes of more and more. Except, that selfless aspiration is becoming clouded with the uncertainty and fright growing around our awakening to climate change. In the buzzing Bay Area and every other large and small city, we are behaving as if there is no threat to the climate and thus our future survival as a species. Just looking around at the unceasing traffic, it is clear that basic, radical but easy solutions are being kept on the shelf or buried. Tiny changes, usually just initiatives that dont threaten the current life style (e.g., different engines), are called green. Green this and green that. But the big greening will be the rediscovery of community and working with others as if our survival depends on our collaboration as equals. Our bosses and political leaders have been as useful in the needed transition as - to borrow an expression from my late father tits on a bull. 1. What do the “few people” do on top of the hill?A. They are the rich residents of the city.B. They are there to enjoy the natural beauty.C. They are attracted by the view of San Francisco BayD. They attack the tourists and rob them.2. In the aspect of sustainable energy, the author favors _ most.A. oil-fueled tradeB. massive port facilitiesC. sailboatsD. passenger planes3. What does the author feel about the hills around Kyoto?A. They are worth appreciating.B. They are not well-lit at night.C. They provide us with the best living environment.D. They have scenes different from all the other hills.4. According to the author, the people who care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs are likely to _.A. look at others with a critical eyeB. live a comparatively lavish lifeC. value environment protectionD. disregard their health conditions5. According to the third paragraph, the author was most disturbed by _.A. the struggles of the hard-working peopleB. the public fund for health careC. the lack of affordable energy or materialsD. the outrageous social injustice6. The problems the author concerns can be solved _.A. by our bosses and political leadersB. by the collaboration of communitiesC. with basic, radical but easy solutionsD. with genuinely “green” initiativesCareful Reading Passage 8Growing up as an Asian in Britain is much more than a question of facing discrimination and trying to find a decent job especially for a girl. She has to keep a delicate balance between two cultures: her own (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, etc.) and the British.Seetha Crishna has written a booklet called Girls of Asian Origin in Britain. In it the girls she is most concerned with are those who are definitely different beca