四级写作经典范文及点评汇成功演讲十秘诀.doc

四级写作经典范文及点评汇（一） 10 Tips for Successful Public SpeakingKnow the room. Be familiar with the place in which you will speak. Arrive early, walk around the speaking area and practise using the microphone and any visual aids.Know the audience. Greet some of the audience as they arrive. Its easier to speak to a group of friends than to a group of strangers.Know your material. If youre not familiar with your material or are uncomfortable with it, your nervousness will increase. Practise your speech and revise it if necessary.Relax. Ease tension by doing exercises. Visualize yourself giving your speech. Imagine yourself speaking, your voice loud, clear, and assured. When you visualize yourself as successful, you will be successful. Realize that people want you to succeed. Audiences want you to be interesting, stimulating, informative, and entertaining. They dont want you to fail. Dont apologize. If you mention your nervousness or apologize for any problems you think you have with your speech, you may be calling the audiences attention to something they hadnt noticed. Keep silent.Concentrate on the message not the medium. Focus your attention away from your own anxieties, and outwardly toward your message and your audience. Your nervousness will dissipate. Turn nervousness into positive energy. Harness your nervous energy and transform it into vitality and enthusiasm.Gain experience. Experience builds confidence, which is the key to effective speaking. A Toastmasters club can provide the experience you need. 成功演讲十秘诀熟悉场地。争取熟悉你要在那里发表演讲的环境。提早到达并巡视讲台，练习使用麦克风和其他辅助视觉设施。 熟悉听众。在听众进入会场时向他们致意。向一群朋友演讲总比对一群陌生人演讲来得容易些。熟悉你的讲稿。如果你不熟悉你的稿子或者对它不满意，你的紧张感就会增强。练习一下你的演讲稿，并且做必要的修改。 放松自己。做些准备活动松弛紧张的神经。 设想你自己演讲时的情景。想象你自己在侃侃而谈，声音洪亮、吐字清晰、充满自信。倘能设想自己成功，你就一定会成功。 要意识到在场的人们希望你成功。听众希望你的讲话趣味昂然、催人向上、旁征博引且风趣幽默。他们不愿看到你把事情搞砸。 不要道歉。假使你说到你的紧张或为讲稿中到不妥的地方表示歉意，你就可能是在提醒听众注意一些他们其实并未意识到的东西。对此绝口不提就是。 集中注意力在内容上，而不是形式。把你的注意力从内心的焦虑上解脱出来，转向外在的演讲内容和听众。然后你的紧张感就会逐渐消失。 把紧张转化为积极的动力。要控制你的紧张情绪并把它变为活力和热情。 积累经验。经验会带来自信，而自信正是演讲取得成效的关键。加入司仪俱乐部你就能学到你需要的经验。 行文点评：本文从十个方面以提建议的方式向人们介绍了在演讲中克服紧张的方法。从演讲前的准备工作到演讲后的积累经验，结合演讲的各个环节进行分析，不仅具有针对性并且符合逻辑顺序。文章语言平实，通俗易懂，采用第二人称的叙述手法，使文章更加具有亲和力，让读者保持一个轻松的心态。文章构思精巧，按照演讲的程序分别提出建议，循序渐进，充实而具体。词汇斟酌revise vt. 修订，修改，复习tension n. 紧张，紧张状态visualize vt. 想象，设想stimulating vt. 刺激的，激励的informative a. 提供知识的，增长见识的entertaining a. 愉快的，有趣的dissipate vi. 消散，消失vitality n. 活力，生命力toastmaster n. 司仪，主持人佳句临摹【注释】be familiar with熟知，通晓【临摹】I am of course familiar with your work.我当然熟悉你的工作。【注释】call ones attention吸引某人的注意力【临摹】Dont disturb by his behavior, he just try to call our attention to him.别受他干扰，他只不过是想引起我们的注意罢了。【注释】harness原意是“上马具”，引申为“控制，掌握”【临摹】If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.如果你能控制你的精力，你将获得巨大成功。【注释】transform into改变，转化【临摹】A thick, fibrous fog had transformed the trees into ghosts and the streetlights into soft, haloed moons. 浓密厚重的雾使树木看起来像鬼魂，街灯看起来像是带着柔和光晕的月亮。If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, and prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry.如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。 思如泉涌Experience more than sufficiently teaches that men govern nothing with more difficulty than their tongues. 经验给我们太多的教训，告诉我们人类最难管制的东西，莫过于自己的舌头。（二） How to Correct Mistakes in Language Learning?In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the basic goal of language use is communication, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as realization of those mistakes increase. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes.The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “Ill do it”. The resulting difference can serve as a basis for the student to correct his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error. 语言学习中如何改错？为了学好一门外语，有必要先克服对错误的恐惧。如果使用语言的基本目标是交流，那么错误就是次要被考虑的问题，我们可以随着对其认识的深化而逐渐加以克服。另一方面，学生们不应该忽略他们的错误。语言学习者可以观察说本族语的人是如何表达自己的，以及这些地道的表达法和学习者可能说出来的表达有何不同。比如，一个西班牙人在表达自己愿意在不久的将来做某事时用的是I do it，而当我们与英语是母语的人交流时，就会注意到那个人实际上说的是Ill do it。由此导致的差别可以作为参照来纠正学生对于英文中现在时态的用法。但是一个从开始就不愿与人交流的学生将会失去这种通过不断摸索进行学习的机会。行文点评：整个段落可以分成两个层次。首先指明对错误正确认识的第一步，不应该惧怕错误，如果学习语言是为了交流，那错误就应该成为次要被考虑的问题。而另一方面(on the other hand)，引出第二步，即有了错误也不能置之不理。最好的办法就是在交流中学习，从错误中提高。文章语言平实，简洁有力。整篇文章只有一段但是内部层次分明，条理清楚。 佳句临摹【注释】on the other hand很多情况下和on the one hand连用，表示同时存在的两个方面。【临摹】I never could memorize poetry. On the other hand, I remember numbers. I never forget an address or a date.我从来记不住诗歌，但我却记得数字，我从不会忘记一个地址或日子。【注释】by trial and error反复试验，不断摸索【临摹】Knowing as little as we do, there is no course open to us but trial and error.我们这样知之甚少，除了不断摸索别无出路。思如泉涌Man errs so long as he strives. 人只要奋斗就会犯错误。To err is human, to forgive, divine. 人非圣贤，孰能无过。He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误，就一事无成。A fault confessed is half redressed. 知错能改，善莫大焉。（三） Search Your Own TreasureLook up to the heavens and imagine the stars and planets are sparkling jewels dancing across the night sky. Your potential is like those jewels with a dazzling array of facets. Put another way, your human potential is virtually unlimited.Problems arise from a perspective that “potential is a taboo or code word for failure.” It is for fear of failure that we are sometimes afraid to try new things. Realizing that we will not become an instant expert, we sometimes choose to cop out and not even make an attempt to be or try something new. Perhaps worse yet, sometimes perfunctory efforts are made, unsatisfactory results are obtained, and an “I knew I couldnt do it and I know I cant do it” attitude is reinforced and seemingly justified.Refresh yourself from the perspective that so-called “mistakes” do not constitute failure; they are only new lessons to be learned. Failure is really giving up and quitting, as juxtaposed to persevering and persisting. There is universal law that states, “Practice precedes excellence.” Myth and history are filled with stories of individuals who had struggled against all odds and obstacles and just kept after what they truly wanted until they reached their goals successfully. Naturally, we all have our limitations, and prudence dictates that we respect them. However, wisdom encourages us to stretch beyond and transcend our limitations. Keep going on，your treasure is waiting for you. 找寻宝藏抬首仰望天空，想象一下，日月星辰仿佛是夜空中闪烁跳跃的宝石。而你的潜能就像那些各个钻面上闪烁着眩目光彩的宝石一般。换句话说，你的潜力实际上是无穷无尽的。这种“潜力是一种禁忌或失败的代名词”的观点，很容易出现问题。而正因为害怕失败，使得我们有时不敢去尝试新生事物。由于意识到自己不能马上成为行家里手，有时我们就选择了临阵逃脱，甚至连试一下新事物都不愿意。也许更糟糕的是，有时我们会敷衍了事，结果自然差强人意，而这样，就会加强并使这种“我早知道我不行，我知道我干不了”的观点看起来还挺有道理。振作起来，那些所谓的“错误”并不是失败；它们只不过是你需要吸取的新的教训罢了。真正的失败是“放弃”或“舍弃”，这和“坚忍不拔”或“坚持不懈”正好相反“成功需要苦练”是一条普适的法则。不管是在神话故事还是在历史当中，到处可见这样的人物：他们追求自己的理想，努力和困阻抗争，不胜利达到目的，决不罢休。我们都有自己的局限性，这是很自然的。而且出于谨慎，我们还非常重视这些局限性。但是智慧却鼓励我们跨出并超越我们自身的局限性。继续前进吧，你的宝藏在等待着你。行文点评：本文按照总分总的顺序进行阐述。开篇引出主题，第二段和第三段分别从正反两方面论述，思维的局限性对人们发掘潜能，走向成功所带来的不同影响。最后一段进行总结，第一句话以退为进，先承认人的局限性。然后呼吁人们突破局限，发掘潜能。特别是最后一句的点睛之笔，呼应首段，点明主题。文章开篇意境优美，使读者以一种很平和的心态来品读文章，随后通过比喻将潜能的无限性，也就是文章的主题引入。词汇斟酌sparkle v. 发光，闪烁dazzling a. 令人眼花缭乱的，耀眼的array n. 展示，陈列facet n. 面，刻面，平面taboo n. 禁忌perfunctory a. 马马虎虎的，敷衍juxtapose vt. 并排，并置persevering a. 坚韧的，不屈不挠的odds n. 不平等，差异，可能性prudence n. 审慎佳句临摹【注释】put another way换句话说【临摹】He soon found what he did had already been done by others，put another way, he was wasting his time. 他很快发现他所做的事情是别人已经做过的。换句话说，他在浪费自己的时间。【注释】cop out 是一个含有贬义的俚语，意思是逃避、推诿、临阵退缩。【临摹】Dont try to cop out of it by telling me youre too busy!别告诉我你太忙来推脱责任。思如泉涌Once we stop growing, our end is near.一旦我们停止成长，那么我们的末日也就为时不远了。Wonders are many, and nothing is more wonderful than man.天下奇迹无数，却无一比人更奇妙。 （四） Be YourSelfIn every school a “top” crowd sets the pace, while the others follow their lead.Lets say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters. Pretty soon everybody is wearing a bright red sweater. There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people a bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming. The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the butcher.Now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life; chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong. You may have excused yourself by saying, “Gee, the crowd does it.” Well, let the crowd do it, but dont do it yourself. Learn to say, “No.”Develop your own standards and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree with, have the courage to bow out politely. Youll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet. Remember this in your heart, you are the unique one in the world, just be yourself.行文点评：本文第一段先对学校中现存的这种不良风气进行阐述。第二段进而分析其危害所在，其实这样做最大的危害在于明知自己做错了，还可以为自己找到开脱的借口“因为大家都在这样做”。在第三段中陈述了自己对待这种情况的态度，那就是要Develop your own standards and your own judgment.。对于你认为是错误的事情，即使大家都在做