湖北省随州市高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（3）.docVIP

湖北省随州市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（3）（答案或解析）dog training is a business for some people, a serious hobby for others, and a once in a life time experience for many. individuals in all of these categories would probably agree that consistency(一致性) is a key element of success from the beginning.if puppies are to be socialized, they must learn to control the impulse to use the carpet as a bathroom, chew shoes, and nip at fingers. the first issue, bathroom training is more easily accomplished in warm weather. try to feed your pup outdoors, and after he has finished eating, take him to a spot where you would like him to eliminate. if he cooperates, praise him generously with words and pats. take him to the same spot after each meal, and eventually he will follow this routine himself.the sight of a small puppy chewing through a new tennis shoe will make you do well to remove the stolen shoe from the pups mouth and firmly say “no！”. provide your pup with some acceptable toys, such as a ball or a chew toy.until your pup is well trained and trustworthy, dont leave him unattended unless he is limited to a small area. when he is young, you want to be sure someone will praise your pup for desired behavior and express disapproval when he does something you want to discourage.you will want your dog to learn to respond to the commands “come”， “sit”， and “stay”. again, consistency and praise will help you achieve this goal. each time the dog responds as you wish, praise him. whenever he ignores your command, make him do what you commanded and then praise him.negative behavior must be attended to also. you can discipline most dogs without hitting them. since they are usually anxious to please, most dogs are duty punished by cruel words and tone of voice. remember to be consistent so your dog knows unquestioningly what is acceptable behavior.although the first stages of dog training require great deal of time and patience, the reward of a socialized and obedient dog is well worth the effort.1dog training is appropriately attempted by _.a. professionals b. hobbyistsc. zoologists d. anyone2what is negative behavior best handled by?a. a slap on the nose.b. tying the dog up.c. a firm tone of voice.d. starving the dog.3the article deals with all of the following except _.a. chewing problemsb. barking at strangersc. bathroom trainingd. responding to commands4what might be the best title for this passage?a. tips on training your dogb. a good puppyc. a sixweek program to train your dogd. leave dog training to the professionals文章就如何驯狗进行说明。1d。推理判断题。通读全文可知：只要你坚持，任何人都能驯狗，因此d项正确。2c。细节理解题。由文章的倒数第二自然段中的“., most dogs are duty punished by cruel words and tone of voice.”可知c项为正确答案。3b。推理判断题。通读短文可知：文章中并未涉及驯狗向陌生人吠叫的内容，故本题应选b。4a。主旨大意题。本文主要话题是说如何驯狗，因此a项为正确答案。*结束（辽宁卷）*结束【重庆八中】第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：每行都有一个错误。 i was a honest child indeedi didnt dare to tell lies76 because of my eyes often let the secret out i remembered77 telling a lie to my parents, and i could hard fix my eyes on78 my fathers face, let alone my mother eyesi glanced79 here and there, up or down, nervously80 however, after i came to beijing, i no longer have to 81 worry my eyes because everything i wanted to say82 was sent by letteri found myself often tell small liesi 83 wrote, “im fine in beijingi enjoy the food selling at the 84 universityand at the weekends, i often buy fried chickens85 or pork to eat”短文改错: 76a改为an 77删去of 78hard 改为hardly 79mother 改为mothers 80or改为and 81have改为had 82my前加about 83tell改为telling 84selling改为sold 85chickens改为chicken*结束 （2012江苏卷）medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. one solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. there are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. but triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. now, researchers in california have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (nir,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.the idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (uv,紫外线) or visible light. but tissues also readily absorb uv and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. nir light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. but few compounds(化合物)absorb nir well and go through chemical changes.that changed last year when adah almutairi, a chemist at the university of california, san diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs nir light. their polymer used a commercially available nir-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (onb). when they catch the light, onb groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. but onb is only a so-so nir absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.so almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. this one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. after polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called bhc. when the bhcs absorb nir light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. whats more, almutairi says, bhc is 10 times better at absorbing nir than is onb and is not poisonous to cells.63.according to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?a. temperature change.b. nir light.c. acidity change.d. uv light.64.why in onb unsatisfactory?a.it breaks down when it absorbs nir light.b.it falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.c.it has not come onto the market up till now.d.it is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?a. protected b. formedc. exposedd. combined【考点】科技问说明文【文章大意】。本文是一篇科技文，围绕“怎样使用胶囊，让吃药更加安全、疗效好”这个主题展开研究。63.【答案】b【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“now, researchers in california have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule.”可知，应选b项。 【难度】一般64.【答案】d【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句中“onb groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知，应选d项。【难度】较难65.【答案】c【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第五句中“when the bhcs absorb nir light, the reactive groups are exposed”可知此处用exposed，即c项正确。【难度】一般【长难句解析】1. researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (uv,紫外线) or visible light.本句是polymers (聚合物) and other materials的定语从句， when 引导的时间状语从句。2. this one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature本句是called动词过去分词做后置定语，修饰a long chain of compounds. 后面是reactive(易反应的) components的定语从句*结束阅读理解（共25小题，每题2分，满分50分） a after giving a talk at a high school, i was asked to pay a visit to a special student. an illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me. i was told it would mean a great deal to him, so i agreed.during the nine-mile drive to his home, i found out something about matthew. he had muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎缩症). when he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five, and then they were told he would not make it to ten. now he was thirteen. he wanted to meet me because i was a gold-medal power lifter, and i knew about overcoming obstacles and going for my dreams.i spent over an hour talking to matthew. never once did he complain or ask, “why me?” he spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. obviously, he knew what he was talking about. he didnt mention that his classmates had made fun of him because he was different. he just talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weights with me. when we had finished talking, i went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal i had won and put it around his neck. i told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than i ever would. he looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. he said, “you are a champion. you earned that medal. someday when i get to the olympics and win my own medal, i will show it to you.”last summer i received a letter from matthews parents telling me that matthew had passed away. they wanted me to have a letter he had written to me a few days before:dear dick,my mum said i should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. i also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that i dont have long to live any more, but i still smile as much as i can.i told you someday that i would go to the olympics and win a gold medal, but i know now i will never get to do that. however, i know im a champion, and god knows that too. when i get to heaven, god will give me my medal and when you get there, i will show it to you. thank you for loving me.your friend,matthew48. the boy looked forward to meeting the author because _. a. he was also good at weight lifting b. he wanted to get to the olympics and win a medal c. he was one of the authors students d. he admired the author very much49. from the passage we learn that _. a. matthew was an athlete b. matthew was an optimistic and determined boy c. the author used to have the same disease as matthew had d. matthew became a champion before he died 50. matthew didnt acce