状语从句系统学习与理解.doc

状语从句 主讲 田学文一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句三、原因状语从句四、目的状语从句五、结果状语从句六、条件状语从句七、方式状语从句八、让步状语从句九、比较状语从句一、时间状语从句1.when,while,as(1) when引导一个持续动作，也可以引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生，或从句动作先于主句动作。When I lived there ,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back. 当when引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用as引出的省略句，代替 when引出的从句。As a young man = when he was a young man, he was fond of hunting.(2) while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place .(3) as 引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。He hurried home , looking behind as he went.John sings as he works(4) when还可以用作并列连词，其意义为“这时”相当于at this /that time /,and this/that time .We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off on our way, when it suddenly began to rain.此外，when 还表原因：既然。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five munites.(5) while 作并列连词意为“而，却”表示对比。He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music .(6) while为趁 Make hay while the sun shines.(7)while 尽管，虽然，多放在句首：While they are my neighbors , I dont know them well.(8) while 表只要 While there is life there is hope.(9) while 表既然 Id like to get it settled today while were at it.(10) 如果主句表示的短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动 词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时when,while as 可互换。When/While /As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2. as soon as ,immediately, directly , the moment, the minute, no sooner than, hardly /scarcely when, once Once you remember it , youll never forget it.The moment I heard the voice, I know father was coming .No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left .I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain 3.till, until ,notuntil肯定句: 主句谓语动词必须是以延续性动词，主句，从句都为肯定式，意为某动作一直延续到某点时间才停.He remained there until she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stop.否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句肯定式，意为某动作直到某时间才开始。He wont go to bed till(until) she return.Until可以置于句首，till不可。Until you told me I had no idea of it.注意: notuntil句型中的强调和到装。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it .Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.4. before ,since.(1) 若表达还未就，不到就，趁还没来得及，或才，需要用before,We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.(我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地)We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了)Please write it down before you forget it.(趁你没有忘记把它写下来)Before I could get in a word ,he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就给我量了尺寸。注：before从句中谓语不用否定式。（2）It will be + 一段时间before sb. doesIt will be half a year before I come back.It wont be long before we meet again.（3） since 从句It is three years since the war broke out.(战争爆发以来，有三年了)It is three years since she was in our class.(她离开我班有三年了)It is three years since he lived here .他不在这儿住有三年了）It is three years since I smoked (have) a cigar. = since I stopped smoking a cigar.如果译成我吸烟有三年了应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.4.every time,each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time 引导时间状语从句。Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.You are welcome to come back any time you want to.The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous 二、地点状语从句1.引导词where, wherever 。Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever you go, please keep in touch with us. 2.与定语从句的区别Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions (状语从句) Make a mark at the place where you have any doubts or questions.(定语从句) 3.省略 Make marks where necessary = where it is necessary.三、原因状语从句 1.引导词 ：because, as, since, for, now that, considering that, My maths teacher was absent this morning because she was ill. Considering that he was just a beginner , we offered him our help. 2because, as, for的辨析。Because,表示直接的原因或充分的理由，回答why提出的问题，它引导的从句与主句有必然的因果关系。We stayed at home because it rained. He is loved by all because he is honest. For引导的从句往往放在后面，表示推断，附加说明的理由。表示原因很弱，一般对结果做推断性的补充或解释，不表直接原因。It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. He must have gone to bed ,for the light is out.Since强调经过思考的既成事实，其原因意味较弱，往往译成“既然”，since从句放在句首，强调主句所表示的结果。原因很明显，为人所知。Since that is so, there is no more to be said.Since you insist, I must go. as它的用法同since但语气比since弱，多用在日常的谈话中。多放在句首。As I am ill , I wont go. As it was already rather dark, we decided not to turn back. 四、目的状语从句。1.引导词so that ,in order that, for fear that, in case,lest.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 2for fear that, in case, lest引导的状语从句中谓语动词要用should +动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that.not; in order thatnot;也有不用should的情况。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/ for fear that his father should see him. Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain. 万一天下雨Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.以防天气会冷五、结果状语从句。引导词，so that, sothat; suchthat; 句型：1.so+形容词/副词+that从句。2.so+形容词a./an+可数单数名词+that从句3.so many/much/few/little+名词+that从句。4.such+a/an+形容词+可数单数名词+that从句.5.such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句.6.such+a lot of/ lots of/+ 名词+that从句.Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.试比较：It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exams.注：当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序，如，So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.2.除结果状语从句外，tooto;enough to (达到某种程度可以),soas to(那么以致于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.= He got up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.注意：目的状语从句通常与情态动词连用表示一种可能，而结果状语从句中通常没有情态动词。但用时往往难以区别。He spoke loudly so that we could hear him.他大声说话，好让我们听见（表目的）或：他大声说话， 我们都能听见他（表结果）。但是，若将could改用might/should,则是目的状语从句。动词不定式置于句首时也只强调目的。He spoke loudly so that we might hear him/He spoke so loudly that we might hear him.For us to hear him, he spoke loudly.So() that从句若表达的是一种意欲或可能性，则是目的状语从句，若表达的是事实或客观现实，则是结果状语从句，so that 前若有逗号，其从句也只表示结果。下列句子中从句均表示结果。The suit was so expensive that he could not buy it.The suit was very expensive so that he could not buy it.The suit was expensive enough for him not to buy it.The suit was too expensive for him to buy it.六、条件状语从句1.引导词，if ,unless, so(as) long as, on condition that, suppose, supposing(仅用在问句中)。In case, so far as, provided (that),Suppose (Supposing) we cant get the necessary equipment what shall we do?As long as we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty. Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.2.同时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。We will go for a picnic unless it rains.They said they would have a try if they were asked to.3.条件状语从句中的虚拟 If I were you ,I would invite him to dinner.There would not have been so much trouble if he had kept his promise.七、方式状语从句，用as ,as if/as though引导。Ill do as I am asked to.It looked as if an earthquake had happened.He walked as though he were drunk.八、让步状语从句，用although, though ,even if/ even though 或as引导。He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.Although/Though it wasraining hard, yet they went on playing football.Even if I were busy, I would go(虚拟)。Even though/if it is raining, well go there.2. whetheror不管还是；疑问词+ever; no matter+疑问词 引导。Whether you believe it or not, its true.What=No matter what you say, he wont believe you.Whoever you are=No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.3.as引导的让步状语从句。（1）