王长喜老师 考研15堂语法课 15堂语法课第一篇语法补排QUIZ.doc

学英语 找长喜QUIZ 1 挑战难句真题难句1. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. (08-Text 2) 2. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. (08-Text2) 3. Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. (06-Text 4) 4. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. (08-Text 1) 5. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. (08-完形) 6. Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities. (07-Text 4) 7. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M& A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. (01-Passage 4) 8. In his article “How Intelligent is Intelligence Testing?” Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. (07-Text 2) 9. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. (05-翻译) 10. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. (03-Text 2) 11. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. (05-Text 4) 12. Canadas premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.(05-Part B) 13. So, if the provinces want to run the healthcare show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices. (05-Part B) 14. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. (05-翻译) 15. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (05-翻译) 16. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street. (06-完形) 17. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. (08-完形) 18. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. (06-Text 1) 19. “Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford Universitys business school “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” (07-Text 4) 20. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (00-Passage 4) 21. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals no meat, no fur, no medicines.(03-Text 2) 22. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standingroom tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 1030 a.m.(06-Text 2) 23. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (06-Part B) 24. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (06-翻译) 25. The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (06-翻译)26. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.(05-完形) 27. Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (07-完形) 28. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. (05-完形) 29. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. (07-Part B) 难句分析1. 【分析】第一句话的主语是由and连接的两个并列名词短语，that引导宾语从句；They照应上文提中的publishers in these subjects。【译文】据国际科技和医疗出版商联合会说，世界范围内致力于这些学科的出版商有2000多家，他们每年通过16,000份杂志出版120多万篇文章。2. 【分析】前一个句子的主干为The Internet and pressureis making access；介词结构from funding agencies作pressure的定语；who引导的定语从句修饰agencies，该定语从句中包含一个why引导的宾语从句；第二个句子句末的this指代上句的内容。【译文】因特网以及来自研究资助者的压力，这些资助者们对出版商为什么通过限制进入而从政府资助的研究中获得利润表示质疑使人们容易获得科学结果。“经济合作与发展组织”刚刚公布了一份报告，描述了因特网对出版业的深远影响。3. 【分析】冒号前后各包含两个并列句；冒号前this指代冒号后的全部内容；冒号后的第二个分句包含一个that引导的定语从句修饰the ones。【译文】许多因素让人们认为艺术家是怪异的，而最怪异之处在于：艺术家的唯一工作是探究人的情感，但却选择把焦点放在感觉糟糕的人身上。4. 【分析】when引导状语从句修饰主句their chemical responses became；主句中的those 照应上文的chemical responses。【译文】一些研究中，过度压力下的雌性老鼠切除卵巢（雌性生殖器官）时，其化学反应与雄性鼠就相同了。5. 【分析】该句主干是he is publishing a paper。together with作状语；which引导定语从句修饰paper，该定语从句中包含由not onlybut also连接的并列句：前一个分句中的that引导的从句作suggests的宾语，后一个分句中that引导定语从句修饰process。【译文】他携手其他两位科学家一起发表了一篇论文，该论文不但提出有一类人比其他所有人都聪颖有智慧，而且还进一步解释了引起这一进化的原因。6. 【分析】本句是一个简单句。句子主干为Several massive leakageshave left managers peering into。其中peering into作managers的宾语补足语，介词结构in search of作目的状语；破折号之间的部分起补充说明作用，其中as diverse as作定语修饰organizations。【译文】今年的几起严重的客户和雇员资料泄漏事件发生在不同类型的机构，如时代华纳公司、美国防卫承包科技应用国际公司，甚至博克利加利福尼亚大学，这些事件使得经营者们匆忙查看他们复杂的信息系统和交易步骤，以寻找潜伏的弱点。7. 【分析】句子的主干是I believe that。其中that引导一个宾语从句，forces是该从句的主语，behind the massive M& A wave后置作其定语，表语the same后的that引导一个定语从句修饰forces；冒号后的部分作the most important forces的同位语，对forces进行解释说明。【译文】我认为，隐藏在大规模的合并与收购浪潮背后的极其重要的力量，与引起全球化进程的力量是一致的：交通、通讯费用的下降，贸易和投资壁垒减少，以及市场的扩大都要求扩大运作以满足消费者的需求。8. 【分析】Sternberg notes that为句子的主干。that 引导的宾语从句的主干是traditional tests best assessbut fail to measure；其后的components作creativity and practical knowledge的同位语，其中形容词结构critical to problem solving and life success作定语修饰components。【译文】斯德伯格在他的文章“智力测试是如何高明”中指出，传统测试有效地评估了分析技巧和语言技巧，但是却没有测出创造力和实际知识，以及解决问题和生活成功的重要因素。9. 【分析】该句的主干是：Creating a “European identity” is no easy task and demands。第一个that引导的从句作“European identity”的定语，其中包含which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰cultures and traditions；破折号后的部分作strategic choice的同位语。【译文】创造一种能够尊重不同文化与传统的欧洲特色并不是一件很容易的事情，而这些文化传统将会成为维系欧洲大陆的基础结构，这需要一种战略性的选择即在欧洲本地制作属于欧洲人的节目。10. 【分析】本句是一个由because引导的因果关系复合句。主句中的谓语recruit有两个并列宾语not only well-known personalities和but all who receive medical treatment；前一个宾语中包含一个who引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰Stephen Cooper，后一个宾语中who引导定语从句修饰all。【译文】最后，由于投下赌注的最终还是那些病人，所以，医学研究界不光要请曾大胆陈述了动物研究价值的名人斯蒂芬库珀，同时，还要请所有接受治疗的人参与这项事业。11. 【分析】该句的主干是John McWhortersees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English。句首介词短语作状语；Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care,是John McWhorter编写的书的名称，是book的同位语；a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views是John Mcwhorter的同位语。【译文】约翰麦克沃特，一位语言学家，同时也是一位持自由和保守观点的好争论者，在他最新的一本书做我们自己的事语言与音乐的衰退，以及我们为何应该喜爱和关心中认为二十世纪六十年代反文化运动的胜利应为正式英语的没落负责。12. 【分析】本句的主干是Canada-s premiersmight spare a moment to do something。括号中的部分对premiers进行解释说明，因为一般情况下，当我们看到premier这个词都会以为是“总理”，但在本文，相当于“省长”；其后的if引导条件状语从句；to reduce health-care costs是用来补充说明to do something。注意本句中的假设用法，带有讽刺意味；spare a moment to do sth.意为“抽一点时间做某事”。【译文】如果加拿大省府官员(省政府领导人)在7月下旬的年会上抱怨渥太华后还有力气的话，可能会花点时间做一些事，减少健康福利的支出。13. 【分析】if 引导条件状语从句，they should prove是本句的主干。其后的they can run it是省去that的宾语从句；现在分词结构starting with作伴随状语；that引导的从句作前面health list的定语，该定语从句包含四个并列的动词短语。【译文】所以说，如果各省想要负责医疗保健事务，他们就应该证明他们能够做到这一点，跨省的药品清单应该杜绝重复，节约管理开支，阻止各省之间相互争斗，争取更合理的药价。14. 【分析】This为主句主语，entails为主句谓语。whose引导的定语从句修饰the North American market；该从句中又包含一个which引导的定语从句修饰experiences and cultural traditions。 【译文】这使得我们必须减少对北美市场的依赖，因为北美市场的节目所涉及的经验与文化传统是与我们的不同的。15. 【分析】句子的主干是This also involves the agreements。between European countriesfor Television Production 作agreements的后置定语；which引导定语从句，修饰bank；介词结构on the model of作状语。【译文】这同时涉及到欧洲国家能否就建立一个欧洲电视制作银行达成一致意见，而这一银行将仿造欧洲发展银行的模式，用来处理制作费用所涉及到的金融业务。16. 【分析】a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street 是句子的主干。even when 引导状语从句，该从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰限定a shelter。【译文】即使无家可归者找到了住处，白天有三餐，晚上能安睡，还是会有很多人每天大部分时间流落街头。17. 【分析】句子主干是He helped popularize the idea。that引导同位语从句，解释说明the idea；which引导非限定性定语从句；not previously thought to have a bacterial cause作后置定语修饰some diseases，其中it指代the idea。【译文】他曾经使一种观点广为人知，即某些以前人们认为不是由细菌导致的疾病实际上就是传染病，这一观点在首次提出时就引起了很多争议。18. 【分析】分词结构Writing for在句中作状语；that引导的从句作reports的宾语；neithernor连接两个并列表语。【译文】Gregory Rodriguez在给国家移民部门写的报告中提到，今天的移民既没有因为被这种同化所吸引而达到一个空前的水平，也没有表现出对这种同化的抵制。19. 【分析】该直接引语包含两个部分:第一部分的主干是Data is becoming an asset，其后的which引导的定语从句修饰an asset；第二部分的主干是The abilityis the key to market value，其中to guard customer data作定语修饰The ability，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰market value。【译文】斯坦福大学商业学院的Haim Mendelson说:“数据正逐渐成为一种资产，它需要同其他资产一样受到重视”，“保护客户数据的能力是市场价值的核心，董事会代表股东负责提升市场价值。”20. 【分析】以and连接的并列结构The coming of age ofand an entry of women是句子的主语，have limited是谓语，the opportunities of teenagers为宾语；who引导定语从句修饰teenagers，其中的分词结构involved in climbing作定语修饰personal sacrifices。【译文】随着战后婴儿潮时期出生的婴儿进入成年期及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，在进好学校、找好工作，攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中这些青少年已经开始在质疑个人所付出的巨大牺牲。21. 【分析】句子的主干是a grandmotherly womanwas distributing a brochure。其中的分词结构staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair作定语，修饰主语woman；第一个that引导的定语从句修饰宾语brochure；第二个that引导的定语从句修饰anything；破折号后面起补充说明作用。【译文】例如，在最近一次街头集市上，一位在动物权利摊位服务的祖母级老年妇女就在散发宣传册子，鼓励读者不要使用源于动物或在动物身上试验过的任何东西不要吃其肉，不要穿其皮裘，不要服在动物身上试验过的药物。22. 【分析】本句的主干是They all seem to look alike。破折号后面的lean, pointed, dedicated faces补充说明他们看起来的样子；wearing，eating和bedding down三个分词结构表示伴随状况；不定式结构to buy作目的状语；held forand sold to them分别作seats和tickets的后置定语；when the box office opens at 1030 a.m.作状语；bed在这里用作动词，表示“铺床”；过去分词held和sold与tickets形成被动关系，表示“票被持有和卖出”。【译文】尽管来自天南海北，但他们看起来都一个样：瘦削，棱角分明，面容专注，身着牛仔裤和便鞋，啃着自带的干果面包，晚上睡在剧院外面的石板上，为了赶在票房早上1030开门时，买到卖给这些露宿者的20张坐票和80张站票。23. 【分析】句子的主干是society is reclassifyingas。Pushed by s