湖北省黄冈市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（57）.doc

湖北黄冈市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮精练（57）【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the namibian desert，dr.alecia carter of the department of zoology，cambridge university set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.to work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，dr.carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.she found that personality had a major impact on learning.the braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.in effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.the same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.the anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.this mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.the findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.the findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.if some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.1what is the first paragraph mainly about?athe design of dr.carters research.bthe results of dr.carters research.cthe purpose of dr.carters research.dthe significance of dr.carters research.2according to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?athose that have more experience.bthose that can avoid potential risks.cthose that like to work independently.dthose that feel anxious about learning.3which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in paragraph 4?asome baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.bsome baboons are shy but active in social activities.csome baboons observe others but dont follow them.dsome baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.4dr.carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through _.astoring informationblearning from each othercunderstanding different peopledtravelling between social groups答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥大学的一些研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一研究结果也适用于人类社会：如果我们不善于与他人沟通或太胆怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。1a解析：推理判断题。第一段描述了研究人员如何开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选a项“卡特博士研究的设计”，而非研究的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。2d解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中the braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn.及第三段中the anxious individuals learnt.while those who were relaxed did not.这些对实验的描述可知d项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。3c解析：推理判断题。该词所在上文，即第二、三段提到在观察了别的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本领，而害羞的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做；再根据between collecting social information and using it可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观察别人但不跟着做”，即c项。4b解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句the findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意为“研究结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过social learning而形成的，与b项“互相学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。 【2016高考训练】lost iphoneunexpectedly, i lost my white iphon5s in midtown on friday night. it had a blue green cover on it. there are many pictures of my son on it, and im heartbroken, please return, no questions asked. reward. reply to: -2652255359do you need a babysitter that you can trust?my name is tina. i am a responsible babysitter that you can trust. if you are looking for someone dependable and affordable i am that person! i have more than 30 years of experience (including disabled children)! i am a retired home health aid and absolutely love children. i work with my sister iris who has also 20+years as a teachers assistant. we look forward to meetinc you! available 24 hours and flexible with fees! i am fully bilingualspanish/english. please email me or call 712-867-7688.i babysit only at my home. i accept children from all ages. fee starts from $100-$150 a week depending on the hours. i am very flexible and my fee can change. feel free to contact me via email or on my cell phone 566-67-1873 and we can work something out. part-time chinese babysitter wantedpart-time chinese speaking babysitter needed to assist with one-year-old twins and to perform some light house work as needed. assistance needed fridays and occasional weekends. please provide your salary expectation. college students are welcome to apply.reply to:comm-encbq-2652113885 1. who posted the lost and found information?a . a mother b. a kind woman c. a heartbroken girl d. a parent2. if you want to send your kids to the babysitters home, you can find one in_. a. ad 1 b. ad 2 c. ad 3 d. ad 43. what do we know about tina? a. she can speak two languages. b. she lives alone now. c. she takes care of children over 3. d. she used to be a teachers assistant. 4. an applicant accepted by ad 5 will have to . a. be able to speak two languages b. be a college graduate c. work every weekend d. look after two children参考答案14、dcad 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。 【2016高考训练】the day my husband fell to his death, it started to snow, just like any november day. his body, when i found it, was lightly covered with snow. it snowed almost every day for the next four months, while i sat on the couch and watched it pile up. one morning, i shuffled downstairs and was surprised to see a snow remover clearing my driveway and the bent back of a woman shoveling(铲)my walk. i dropped to my knees, crawled through the living room. and back up stairs so those good people would not see me. i was embarrassed. my first thought was, how would i ever repay them? i didnt have the strength to brush my hair let alone shovel someones walk.before johns death, i took pride in the fact that i rarely asked for help or favors, i defined myself by my competence and independence. so who was i if i was no longer capable and busy? how could i respect myself if all i did was sit on the couch every day and watch the snowfall?learning how to receive the love and support that came my way wasnt easy. friends cooked for me and l cried because i couldnt even help them set the table. “im not usually this lazy,” i wept. finally, my friend kathy sat down with me and said, mary, cooking for you is not a burden. i love you and i want to do it. it makes me feel good to be able to do something for you. ”over and over, i heard similar emotions from the people who supported me during those dark days. one very wise man told me, “you are not doing nothing. being fully open to your sorrow may be the hardest work you will ever do.”i am not the person i once was, but in many ways i have changed for the better. my heart is now filled with thanks for people around me. i have been surprised to learn that there is incredible freedom that comes from facing ones worst fear and walking away whole. i believe there is strength, for sure, in accepting a dark period of our life.1. which of the following is true according to the passage?a. the writers friend was unwilling to cook for her. b. the writer had been busy with her life before. c. the writer recovered from her sorrow quickly with his friends help. d. the day her husband died, it was snowing heavily. 3. the underlined word “shuffled” in paragraph 1 probably means _. a. stepped steadilyb. walked slowly c. ran swiftlyd. fell sadly4. we can infer from the passage that _. a. the writer found her husband immediately he fell off the roof b. the writer became strong-willed immediately after johns death c. the people around the writer were friendly and supported her d. before johns death, the writer never asked others for help5. the writer wrote the passage to _. a. share her sad story with us b. express her guilty conscience to the people who helped her c. show her thanks to the people who love and support her d. tell us the changes she has made because of her husbands death参考答案14、bbcc 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。(2015山西省四校联考)selena gomez and i are scheduled to meet at a lowkey coffee shop in encino. not wanting to keep the superstar waiting, i arrived at nine, 20 minutes early. as i was catching up on emails, selena quietly scooted into the seat next to me. no bodyguard. not even a drop of makeup. she was ten minutes early and so inconspicuous that no one else in the restaurant looked up so much. selena was wearing bebe shorts. she had a baby face and ordered a hot chocolate.after making small talk about what she wore for the shoot, she dived into the subject of her career. selena declared 2012 the year of movies. she filmed three: spring breakers, a drama; the getaway, an action flick; and hotel transylvania, a comedy. each is a marked move away from the teen style that made her a household name.now that her disney days are behind her, selena is at that unstable point in a child stars career where she is trying to grow upboth as a person(she turned 20 in july)and as an artist. “being part of the disney channel was such a blessing, and im super happy with what my show accomplished, but acting is something i would like to take on more seriously.” she continued, “i dont necessarily feel accomplished. i want to creat a whole different persona when it comes to acting.”selena has been working fulltime since she was seven years old and scored a role on barney&friends. in 2007, when she was offered the lead in wizards of waverly place, selena, her mother, and her stepfather uprooted from grand prairie, texas, to la, where they are settling now.文章大意：文章介绍了美国名星赛琳娜戈麦斯的作品和成长经历。1when was it that selena arrived at the lowkey coffee shop?aat ten.bat ten to nine.cat ten past nine.dat thirty past nine.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段的not wanting to keep the superstar waiting, i arrived at nine, 20 minutes early. as i was catching up on emails, selena quietly scooted into the seat next to me. she was ten minutes early可知，两人约的是9：20，赛琳娜早到10分钟，故选c。2which of the following statements is ture according to the second paragraph?aselena went into her film career as soon as we met in the coffee shop.bthree famous films filmed in 2012 have shown her teen style.cthe film hotel transylvania is an action flick filmed in 2012.deach of the three films marks selenas move away from her teen style.答案：d细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句each is a marked move away from the teen style that made her a household name.可知。3how did selena think of disney days which were behind her?ashe thought of playing in disney a blessing.bshe didnt feel very satisfied with her show in disney.cshe found her not accomplished in her performance in disney.dshe believed her being part in disney channel a blessing.答案：d细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“being part of the disney channel was such a blessing, and im super happy with what my show accomplished, but acting is something i would like to take on more seriously.”可知。4the underlined word in the last paragraph probably means “_”amovedbpickedcchangeddinformed答案：a词义猜测题。根据from grand prairie, texas, to la, where they are settling now. 可知，是从德克萨斯州到洛杉矶，并定居洛杉矶，可推断出uprooted vi. 迁离。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。 【2016高考训练】at one time it was the dream for many little girls to become a nursetoday, however, america is facing its worst nurse shortage since world war i. recently about 2, 000, 000 nurses are needed and 60 percent of all hospitals in the us have shortages large enough to threaten（= say that you will hurt somebody if they dont do what you want）the quality of care provided. the demand for nurses spreads widely throughout the nursing field.what has become of these women in white? the answer lies in not one but several causes.one possibility is the fact that woman have greater career options （职业选择）. in the past, women who chose to work outside the home had two basic choices nursing or teaching. today, more women than ever are in the work force, but their options have greatly increased. there are women doctors, lawyers, firefighters and police officers. in fact, women today are found in nearly every field of work. nursing has been left behind, as women move on to jobs with higher pay and greater status（地位）. a woman or man in the nursing field is often looked down upon as “merely a nurse”. teachers may be also at fault. many high school students are actually being steered（劝 导）away from nursing, told by teachers that they are “too bright to be a nurse”.americans are living longer than ever and requiring more medical attention. in fact, the number of elderly patients has almost doubled in the past twenty years. obviously a larger p