熟练掌握.docx

1.常考的动词搭配 ask about 询问 The students asked the teacher about the final exam. ask for 要. It is a shame that you should ask for money from your parents bring out 出版 His book will be brought out next month. bring about 使.发生 Computer has broughrt about great changes in our life style. break down 坏了 The car broke down on my way to the offfice. break out 爆发 The Second World War broke out in that year. break up 分散 His family broke up after the death of his father. had better do 还是.为好 You had better tell him the truth. have to do 不得不（客观的原因） I have to show him these pictures, under the b circumstances. must do 必须（主观的原因） I must finish reading this chapter . have done 去把.做了 （被动意义） My sdaughert had her hair cut . have sb. do 让.做某事 The teacher had me wait for him in the office rely on/opon 信赖 You should learn to rely on yourself at school depend on /upon 依靠 Most college students depend on their parents . used to do 过去常做. He used to play football with his schoolmates. get used to dong 习惯于. I have not got used to the food of the city. get over 克服 Few people can get over the diffficulty . give out 发出（声音） The radio is giving out a strange signal. give off 发出（气味） The factrory gives out a bad smell at night . give away 把.分发给. The rich woman gace away all her money to the poor. turn down 拒绝,把.开小 The girl turned down his invitation. turn up 出现， 把 .开大 Would you turn up the radio a littlbe bit ? I can not hear . hear of 有.的音讯 I have nerver heard of him sicne graduation from middle school. turn out 生产， 结果是 The beggar turned out to be a king. look down upon 看不起 You can not look down upon the poor. look after 照料 The children looked after the old man. look into 调查 The policman was looking into the matter. run out of 用完了. We will soon run out of water. run into 撞.陷入 You will run into trouble if you do not take car . take off 起飞 The plane did not take off until noon. take on 呈现 The building has taken on a new look. take in 理解， 欺骗 The students t took in what the teacher said . take up 从事， 开始做. The piano takes up a lot of room . set down 写下， 立法或规矩 A new law must be set down to protect our environment. set aside 留出 He sets aside one hour for sports every day. 2.相近的词或词组辨析 incident 事件 accident 事故 event 重大事件 matter 较重要的事情 John lost his hand in a car accident. succed in dong 成功地做成了。 manage to do 设法成功地做成了。 Although it was very difficult , he managed to pass the exam. way 方法 means 通过.媒介啊，方式。 两个词搭配不一样。 You can do the job in the same way as he does. She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. fee 付给医生等专业人员的费用 fare 车费 tip 小费 expense 花费 spend , cost , take ,都有“花费”的意思， 但搭配完全不一样。 I spent 5 hours writing that composition. It took me five hours to find the material I needed . The book cost me 10 yuan. refuse 拒绝 reject 不予考虑 decline 礼貌地拒绝 neglect 忽视客观的原因 ignore 不理会 say talk speak 都是“ 说” 的意思， 但搭配不一样。 What did you say just now? Both countries talked abot the energy problem. It is sruprising that he could speak English so fluently. require 要求 request,礼貌地请求 happen 偶尔发生 occur 发生 take 带.去 bring,带.来 carry,无方向性 aid, help, assist 用作动词均可表帮助。 aid为正式用词，help最常用，assist最正式，表示协助某人做某事，尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。 如：She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. 她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。alive, living, live alive 指虽有死的可能，但仍活着，一般只作表语。 living可用于人或物，作定语时可前可后。 live只做前置定语，用于动物和个别事物前。 almost, nearly 一般说来，almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。 在all, every, always 前，两者都可用。 如：He is almost (nearly) smoking.他几乎每天抽烟。 almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用，而nearly却不能。 如：Almost no one believed her. 几乎没人相信他。 alone, lonely alone只表“独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩，只作表语；lonely表“孤独，寂寞”，能作定语和表语。 如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. 剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。 alone, only均可表“只有”，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置于被修饰词前。 如：He alone (Only he) can remember the story. 只有他才能记起这段经历。 already, all ready already已经(副词)。 如：The plane had already landed before we got to the airport. all ready准备好的(作表语)。 如：We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang. alter, change 作不及物动词时，两者可通用。 作及物动词时，alter是对局部，表面的改变，而change则是对本质的，全面的，彻底的改变。 如：Can you alter the dress? 你会改做这件衣服吗？ Can you change the dress?你能给我更换这件衣服吗？ altogether, all together altogether总计，总共。 如：Altogether there are six of us. 我们总计六人。 all together 全都在一起。 如：We played the game all together. 我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。amaze, astonish, surprise 都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。 amaze强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。 astonish表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。 surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。.among, betweenamong 在中间(三者或三者以上之间)。 如：Our house is hiddenamong trees. between在两者之间。 如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese. announce, declare announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情，含有预告的意味。 如：The government announced that they would pay their debts. 政府宣布将偿还债务。 declare指正式负责地宣布，声明，通常用于庄重的场合。 如：The judge declared him guilty.法官宣布他有罪。 annoy, bother, trouble, disturb annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受，或指某人故意去妨碍别人。 bother打扰，麻烦，指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。 如：May I trouble you with a few questions? disturb打扰，扰乱，指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏，精力一时不能集中。 如：I am sorry to disturb you. answer, reply, respond 用作动词，都可表“回答”，“答复”。 answer是常用词，可接letter(回信)，question(回答问题)，telephone(接电话)等。 reply较正式，一般只作不及物动词，可与to连用。 如：He has replied to my letter.他回答了我信中提的问题。 respond作“回答”解，用得较少，也同to 搭配。 如：He quickly responded to the question. 他很快就回答了问题。 另外，respond还可表“对反应”，“响应”。 appreciate, enjoy appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。 enjoy是一般用语，仅指感官或智力上的满足，“享受”的意味较强。 approve, prove approve(1)赞成，同意。 如：I dont approve of wasting time.我不赞成浪费时间。 (2)批准，通过。 如：The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。 prove和approve词形相似，prove是“证明”，“表明是”等。arise, rise, raise arise表无形的东西(如困难，问题等)“出现”，“发生”。 rise指具体事物的“上升”，“升起”，也是不及物动词。 如：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。 raise为及物动词，“使上升”，“举起”等。 如：He raised his hand.他举了手。 awake, wake, waken awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。 wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。 waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。 await, wait await是及物动词。 如：I await your further instructions. wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，后常接介词for。 如：I will wait for you at the school gate. award, prize, reward award, reward作动词。award意为授予(奖品，奖金)，后面可跟双宾语；reward意报酬，酬谢，只能跟人或 以人的行为作宾语。 award, prize, reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖。 reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。 keen, anxious, eager keen 指对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的。 如： They were keen to win. 他们急于取胜。 anxious 指热切地希望实现愿望，并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦虑的， 如： lm anxious to know the final result. 我急于想知道最后的结果。 eager指以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的， 有时也指由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的， 如： He was eager to see her. 他渴望见到她。 eviden, obvious, apparent 意思都含明显的。 evident多用于推理及抽象的事， 指明显的， 如： Its evident that the plan is impracticable.很明显这计划是不能实现的。 obvious 指容易知道或发现， 无须解释或证明的， 如： Its obvious that a man isnt strong enough to lift an elephant. 很明显， 一个人不能举起大象。 apparent 含一目了然的的意思， 还可指思想上容易理解的， 如： Its apparent that you cant be trusted. 很显然，你是不可信赖的。 appearance look aspect 均指外表、外观。 appearance 和 look 都指人或物的外表appearance 在指人时，往往包括衣着。 如： His appearance is very neat. 他外表很整洁。 在指一般事物时， 往往含有外表和实质不一致的概念。 如： Do not judge according to the appearance. 不要从事物的外表来判断。look 指人时， 用复数， 指相貌、容貌。 如： Never judge a man by his looks. 不要从貌取人。 用单数， 指表情、神色。 如： There was a look of suppressed anger on his face. 他脸上露出一种抑制怒气的表情。 look 在指一般事物时，不含有外表和实质不一致的意思。 如： I dont like the look of the affair. 这件事看起来很可疑。 aspect 也指外表， 尤指面部表情或在特定的时间、地点的特点。 如： In spring the yard has a freshening aspect. 春天， 院子里呈现出一派清新的景象。 attempt，try，这两个同义词都可以用作动词，它们的一般含义是致力于可能成功也可能失败的某件事。 attempt 的含义是去做自己希望会成功的事，常常包含冒险的意义。 如： It will be a long time before any landing on Mars can be attempted. 试图在火星上着陆是一件遥远的事。 如： Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. 一年多的时间过去之后，才作了首次尝试。 try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口语中使用 try 比使用 attempt 显得浅近通俗。但这两个词有着明显的 差异。try 表示试一试，意即欲证明或检验某件事，这是 attempt 所不能表达的。在表示致力于某事 时，try 并不包含冒险的意思。 如： You can try on the new coat.这件新上衣，你可以试一试。 affectinfluencetouchimpressswaymove 动词的一般含义为使人或能作出反应的物产生或受到影响。 affect 的宾语是物时，它包含着足以引起反应的刺激，有时包含一定的改变。 如： The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health 天气稍有变化就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩的身体。 当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响，即感动 如： He was in no way affected by their misery. 他们的惨状一点也没打动他的心。 如： We are lucky in that only the lower fields， which make up a very small proportion of our farm，are affected by flooding. 我们的运气好，因为只有占我们农场极少部分的较低的田地受到洪水的影响。 influence 所表示的影响包含着力量，比如他是个有影响的人物.有时它包含着诱使的意思。 如： They having first persuaded themselves， contrive to influence their neighbours. 他们首先自己信服了之后，便设法诱使邻居 No one can avoid being influenced by advertisments. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。 In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been neglected. 在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和心理状态上的影响完全被忽视了。 touch 所表示的感动有些象汉语的感触，它总含有密切接触的意思。此外，touch在表示使人或物受到 影响或感动时，总有如下的内涵：激发、搅起、伤害等等。 I do not wish to do anything which may touch your credit 我不想做任何会影响你的荣誉的事情。 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility. 如果父母意识到孩子通常多么相信父母的品格和父母的绝对正确，他们会大大震惊和深深被感动的。 impress 通常用于表示深受感动，而且把所看到的东西，铭记在心。 but I could not conceal the fact tha