第五讲： 数词.doc

第五讲： 常考点清单一 基数词数词的定义：表示“多少”和“第几”的词，叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。基数词：表示数目的词是基数词。一、基数词的表示方法1. 最基本的数词1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100 a hundred, 1,000 a thousand 1,000,000 a million, 1,000,000,000 a billion2. 基数词112是独立单词，需逐个记忆。基数词1319是在个位数的词干后加-teen构成。其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen变化不规则。基数词2090是在十位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词2199是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符“-”。73 seventy-three 88 eighty-eight3. 三位以上的基数词，在百位和十位之间一般要用连词and。1, 342 one thousand three hundred and forty-two4. 英语中没有“万”和“亿”， 在表示“万”和“亿”时，要按十进位法来推算。1万可用10千来表示：10，000可写成ten thousand100,000,000可写成a hundred million35,845可写成thirty-five thousand eight hundred and forty-five5. hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们不能加“s”，反之则须加“s”。three hundred people, thousands of people二、基数词的用法1. 从句子成分上分析，基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。Four of them went to the factory.他们中的四个人去了工厂。 (主语)I want two. 我要两个。(宾语)My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学十八岁。(表语)2. 编号的事物用基数词。Today we are going to study Lesson Five.今天我们要学习第五课。He lives in Room 801. 他住在801房间。3. 表示“年、月、日”时年份用基数词，日期用序数词，其顺序由小到大。The accident took place in 2006.这次事故发生在2006年。4. 表示“几点钟，几点过几分”用基数词。Its two oclock. 现在是两点钟。5. 用于加减乘除的数字用基数词。 One plus two is three. 一加二等于三。6. 表示大几倍或者小多少用基数词。 Five times six is thirty. 五乘以六等于三十。7. 表示百分数用基数词。 Thirty percent of them is water. 它们当中有30%的水。8. 表示分数时，分子用基数词，但分母要用序数词；若分子大于1，分母上的序数词要用复数形式。Two fifths of the book are mine. 五分之二的书是我的。9. 表示带有小数的词用基数词。小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示，小数点写作point，小数点后的数字应按数字直接表示出来。 18.38 可写成 eighteen point three eight.10. 数词+名词(+形容词)作定语，名词用单数形式。A twenty-one-year-old girl is behind me. 一位二十一岁的女孩在我身后。11. 两组与数词有关的介词短语：(1) in +定冠词the +数词的复数形式，表示年代。 in the 1870s / 1970s(2) in +物主代词+数词的复数形式，表示某人的年龄。 in ones thirties 在某人三十多岁的时候有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early 或late 使其含义更确切一些。The young man is in his early thirties.注意：“十几岁”要用in ones teens,不可以说in ones tens。12. 数词前加every，表达“每一段时间或每隔一段” every ten days 每10天/每隔9天 every ninth day every four weeks每4周/每隔3周 every third week常考点清单二 序数词序数词：表示数目顺序的词。一、序数词的构成1. 序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成的。2. 少数序数词的构成属于特殊情况，需特别记忆。如：one-first; two-second; three-third; five-fifth; eight-eighth; nine-ninth; twelve-twelfth.3. 以y结尾的十位整数，要将y改成i，再加“-eth”。如：thirty-thirtieth; fifty-fiftieth. 4. 对二十以上的非十位整数，要将末尾数改成序数词，其他位数仍用基数词。如：thirty-one-thirty-first; one hundred and sixty-three-one hundred and sixty-third. 5. 序数词的缩写形式由“阿拉伯数字和序数词后面的两个字母构成”。如：first-1st; second-2nd ; three-3rd ; Fourth-4th . 二、序数词的用法 1. 最基本的序数词 2. 序数词主要用作定语、表语，前面要加定冠词the。The fifth lesson is very easy to learn. 第五课很好学。You are the first one I believe. 你是我最相信的人。题组训练 选词填空。1. About _ (four fifths; four fifth) of the books in our school library _ (is; are) written in Chinese. 2. The boy always stays there for _ (one and a half hour; one and a half hours).3. At the age of _ (thirty; thirtieth), he had his own lab. 4. _ (Two sons their; Their two sons) are in the army.5. _ (Two-fifth; Two-fifths) of the land in that district _ (is; are) covered with trees and grass.6. We all like the boy _ (of ten years old; of age of ten). 7. Tom was _ (first; the first) to get to school and I _ (ninth; the ninth). 8. Every day he begins to do his homework _ (at ten past seven; until ten). 易混点清单一、基数词变序数词助记歌基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;一、二、三特殊记，八加h，九去e，ve要用f替；以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记。若想表示几十几，只要个位就可以。特殊：one first, two second, three third, five fifth, nine ninth, twelve twelfth, forty fortieth, eighty-nine eighty-ninth二、概数(略数)表示法数词+hundred / thousand / million / billion+名词复数hundred / thousands / millions / billions +of+名词复数三、数词和冠词的关系1. 序数词前要加定冠词the；但基数词前不加冠词。Sunday is the first day of a week.2. a / an+序数词，表示“又一、再一”。 He failed twice, but he tried it a third time.3. of the +基数词，表示“范围”。She is the most beautiful girl of the three. Jim is the taller of the two.四、数词的读法从后往前数，每隔三位加一逗号；第一个逗号前读thousand,第二个逗号前读million,第三个逗号前读billion。年代的读法是两位两位地读。五、钟点表达法 1. 先点后分，顺读法。如：8：53 eight fifty-three 2. 先分后点，倒读法。前半小时用“分钟数+past+已过钟点数”；后半小时用“(60-分钟数)+to+下一个钟点数”；正好半点用“half past+已过钟点数”；一刻钟用“quarter”。如：7:20 twenty past seven; 6:35 twenty-five to seven; 1:58 two to two; 8:30 half past eight; 9:15 a quarter past nine; 9:45 a quarter to ten.六、序数词和定冠词 1. 序数词一般和定冠词the连用。如：the second student. 2. 当序数词为表达名次的名词时，不和定冠词连用。如：Lily came second in the race.题组训练 选词填空。1. Now let me have _ (the third try; a third try). 2. February 28 should be read as _ (February of the 28th ; the 28th of February). 3. Im _ (the taller; taller) of the two boys. 4. He was born in 1990. Here “1990” should be read as _ (nineteen ninety; one thousand, nine hundred and ninety ). 5. Lucy lives on the _(nineth; ninth) floor. She lives _ (two; second )floors above me.6. Do you think there is any room for us _( two; the two )?7. The accident happened on _ (nine days of March; the ninth of March ).l 课堂练习1. About _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _.A. two-thirds; 1970B. two-thirds; 1970sC. two-third; 1970 D. two-third; 1970s2. So far, doctors have saved _ peoples lives in the quake-hit area. A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousand of3. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs _ days.A. more two B. two more C. two another D. another more 4. The Sutong Highway Bridge, a _ bridge, is already open to traffic.A. 32 kilometre long B. 32-kilometre-long C. 32 kilometres long D. 32-kilometres-long5. The _ question is very difficult. I failed to work it out. A. five B. fifteen C. fifth D. fiveth6. We are sure the _ Olympic Games in Beijing next year will be one of _ games in history. A. twenty-nine; more successful B. twenty-ninth; more successful C. twenty-ninth; the most successful D. twenty-nine; the most successful7. _ of fans have voted online _ their favourite singers. A. Thousand; to B. Thousand; for C. Thousands; for D. Thousands; to8. The river through our city, which is about _, is clean again.A. 6,000 meters long B. 6,000-meters-longC. 6,000-meter-long D. 6,000 meter longv 家庭作业1. Peter, how old is your father this year? _. And we just had a party for his _ birthday last weekend.A. Fortieth; forty B. Forty; forty C. Forty; fortieth D. Fortieth; fortieth2. Shanghai has opened its _ TV channel (频道) that sends programs in foreign languages. Great! I can improve my English over it.A. first B. a first C. the first3. Whats the matter, Kangkang? Oh, I feel sorry to hear more than _ people lost their lives in the earthquake (地震) in Sichuan.A. sixty thousands of B. sixty thousandC. sixty thousand of D. thousand of4. The important sports festival, the Olympic Games, _ held every _ years.A. is; five B. are; there C. is; four D. are; two 5. Excuse me, how many students are there in your art club? There are _.A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth6. Tim has tried twice, and his father asks him to have _ third try. A. the B. a C. another D. /7. If a=3, b=4, whats the answer to the question a+2ab+1=? _. A. Twenty-eighth B. Twenty-eight C. Thirteen D. Eighteen8. What class are you in? Im in _. A. Grade 9 B. Class 9 C. Group 9 D. No. 99. Come and see me in _. With pleasure. Thats what Im expecting. A. two or three days B. two or three days timeC. two or three days time D. two or three days10. Dick, it is the _ time in _ days that youve made the same mistake. A. two; three B. second; three C. two; third D. second; third11. Do you know when Christmas Day is? Its on _. A. December 24th B. January 1st C. December 25th D. October 1st12.I went to college in _ and began to work in _. A. the 1980s; twenty B. the 1980s; my twentiesC. 1980; my twenty D. 1980s; my twentieth13. I was born _. A. in Oct. 8, 1969 B. in 1969, Oct. 8 C. on Oct. 8, 1969 D. on 1969, Oct. 82010 2013年模拟探究题组训练数词 1. _ tigers in that forest are in danger. Now only _ the tigers a