新加坡——遗嘱法.doc

遗嘱法（352章） WILLS ACT (CHAPTER 352)Short title.简称1. This Act may be cited as the Wills Act. 本法可引称为遗嘱法。Interpretation.释义2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires 在本法中，除文意另有所指外internal law , in relation to any territory or state, means the law which would apply in a case where no question of the law in force in any other territory or state arose; “本土法律”， 就任何领域或国家而言，指不会施行任何其他领域或国家现行法律的情况下而适用的法律；personal estate shall extend to leasehold estates and other chattels real, and also to moneys, shares of Government and other funds, securities for money, not being real estates, debts, choses in action, rights, credits, goods and all other property whatsoever which by law devolves upon the executor or administrator, and to any share or interest therein; real estate shall extend to messuages, lands, rents and hereditaments, whether corporeal, incorporeal or personal, and to any undivided share thereof and to any estate, right or interest, other than a chattel interest, therein; “动产”的范围涵盖租赁地产和其他准不动产，还包括货币、政府和其他机构的股份、抵押物，而非不动产、债权、诉讼财产、权利、信誉、货物以及法律规定的交由遗嘱执行人或管理人管理的其他财产及因此得到的孳息。“不动产”包括宅院、土地、房租和科技城的财产，无论是有形不动产、无形不动产，还是个人的不动产，还包括任何不可分割的股份、财产、权利或利益，准不动产权益除外。state means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality; “国家”指拥有本身国籍法的领域或一组领域；will includes a testament and an appointment by will or by writing in the nature of a will in exercise of a power and also a disposition by will and testament and any other testamentary disposition. “遗嘱” 包括通过遗嘱或具有遗嘱特性的书面形式行使权利设立遗嘱或指定受益人的作为，以及通过遗嘱和其他遗嘱处分对财产的处置。24/92.Property disposable by will.可藉遗嘱处置的财产3. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every person may devise, bequeath or dispose of by his will, executed in the manner required under this Act, all real estate and all personal estate which he shall be entitled to either at law or in equity at the time of his death. （1）根据本法规定，任何人都可以按照本法要求签立遗嘱赠与或处置其去世时根据法律或公理享有的所有不动产和动产。 (2) The power given under subsection (1) shall extend to 第1款中的权利范围包括：(a) all estates pur autre vie, whether there shall or shall not be any special occupant thereof, whether the same shall be a corporeal or an incorporeal hereditament, and whether the same shall be freehold or of any other tenure; （a）立遗嘱人去世时享有的所有财产，无论其是否被特殊占有，也无论是有形遗产还是无形的遗产，也无论是所有权还是其他任何使用权。(b) all contingent, executory or other future interests in any real or personal estate,【 whether the testator may or may not be ascertained as the person or one of the persons（ in whom the same respectively may become vested,）】 and【whether he may be entitled thereto under the instrument （by which the same respectively were created or under any disposition thereof by deed or will;） 】无论立遗嘱人是否是财产所有人，也无论其通过契约或遗嘱设立的文书是否有权处置，所有不动产或动产中的可能的、将来有效的或者其他未来利益。 (c) all rights of entry for conditions broken and other rights of entry; and 所有情事变更时的收回足底权和其他进入租地权；和(d) such of the same estates, interests and rights respectively and other real and personal estates as the testator may be entitled to at the time of his death notwithstanding that he may become entitled to the same subsequently to the execution of his will. 诸如立遗嘱人在去世时有权享有的、去世后继而转予其遗嘱执行人的各类财产、利益和权利以及其他不动产和动产。Will of infant invalid. 未成年的人所立的遗嘱无效。4. No will made by any person under the age of 21 years shall be valid. 21岁以下的公民设立的遗嘱均属无效。Rules as to formal validity.正式有效的标准：5. (1) This section shall take effect notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act. 除本条例另有规定外，本节生效。 (2) A will shall be treated as properly executed if its execution conformed to the internal law in force 在遵循本土生效法律签立以下遗嘱须视为正式签立24/92.(a) in the territory where it was executed; 在遗嘱签立领域；(b) in the territory where the testator was domiciled at the time 立遗嘱人在以下时间在该领域居住；(i) when the will was executed; or （i）遗嘱签署时；(ii) of his death; （ii）去世时(c) in the territory where the testator habitually resided at either of the times referred to in paragraph (b); or 在b段提到的两个时间之一中，立遗嘱人惯常居住在该区域；(d) in the state of which the testator was a national at either of the times referred to in paragraph (b). 在b段中提到的两个时间之一种，立遗嘱人是该国的国民；(3) Without prejudice to subsection (2), the following shall be treated as properly executed: 在不影响第2款规定的原则下，以下的遗嘱须视为正式签立24/92.(a) a will executed on board a vessel or an aircraft of any description, if the execution of the will conformed to the internal law in force in the territory with which, having regard to its registration (if any) and other relevant circumstances, the vessel or aircraft may be taken to have been most closely connected; 在任何类别的船只或飞机上签立的遗嘱，但该遗嘱的签立须符合与该船只或飞机关系最密切的领域所施行的本土法律者，而该领域的决定是在顾及该船只或飞机的注册(如有注册的话)及其他情况后而作出; (b) a will so far as it disposes of immovable property, if its execution conformed to the internal law in force in the territory where the property was situated; 处置不动产的遗嘱，而该项签立须符合财产所在领域的本土法律; (c) a will so far as it revokes a will which under this Act would be treated as properly executed or revokes a provision which under this Act would be treated as comprised in a properly executed will, if the execution of the later will conformed to any law by reference to which the revoked will or provision would be treated as properly executed; 任何遗嘱而用以撤销根据本部视为正式签立的遗嘱、或用以撤销根据本部视为包括于正式签立的遗嘱内的规定者，而该份较后的遗嘱的签立，须符合有关的法律，而根据该有关法律，被撤销的遗嘱或规定须视为正式签立者;(d) a will so far as it exercises a power of appointment, if the execution of the will conformed to the law governing the essential validity of the power. 用以行使受益指定权的遗嘱，但该遗嘱的签立是符合规定该项权力基本上有效的法律。( (4) A will so far as it exercises a power of appointment shall not be treated as improperly executed by reason only that its execution was not in accordance with any formal requirements contained in the instrument creating the power. 用以行使受益指定权的遗嘱，如仅因为其签立并不按照订立该权力的文书所载的形式上的规定，不得因此而被视为非正式签立。 24/92.(5) In determining for the purposes of this section whether or not the execution of a will conformed to a particular law, regard shall be had to the formal requirements of that law at the time of execution, but this shall not prevent account being taken of an alteration of law affecting wills executed at that time if the alteration enables the will to be treated as properly executed. 决定遗嘱的签立是否符合某条法律的规定时，须顾及遗嘱签立时该条法律对形式上的规定;但如法律有所更改，影响当时签立的遗嘱，而该等更改可使有关遗嘱视为已适当地签立，则此点并不阻止该项法律更改受到考虑。 24/92.(6) Where a law in force outside Singapore falls to be applied in relation to a will, any requirement of that law whereby special formalities are to be observed by testators answering a particular description, or witnesses to the execution of a will are to possess certain qualifications, shall be treated, notwithstanding any rule of that law to the contrary, as a formal requirement only. 在新加坡以外地方施行的法律如适用于任何遗嘱(不论是否依据本部)，而该法律规定某类立遗嘱人须遵循某些特别手续，或规定签立遗嘱时的见证人须具备某些资格，则即使该法律中有任何相反的规则，该等规定亦只视为是形式上的规定而已。24/92.(7) The construction of a will shall not be altered by reason of any change in the testators domicile after the execution of the will. 遗嘱的解释不得因立遗嘱人在签立遗嘱后改变居籍而有所更改。24/92.(8) Where under this section the internal law in force in any territory or state is to be applied in the case of a will, but there are in force in that territory or state two or more systems of internal law relating to the formal validity of wills, the system to be applied shall be ascertained as follows: 凡根据本部规定，某领域或国家施行的本土法律须应用于某份遗嘱，而该领域或国家对遗嘱形式上的效力施行两种或两种以上的本土法律体系，则所应用的法律体系须确定如下 24/92.(a) if there is in force throughout the territory or state a rule indicating which of those systems can properly be applied in the case in question, that rule shall be followed; or (a)如整个领域或国家施行某项规则，指明在该有关情况下能适当应用何种法律体系，即须遵照该规则办理；或(b) if there is no such rule, the system shall be that with which the testator was most closely connected at the relevant time, and for this purpose the relevant time is the time of the testators death where the matter is to be determined by reference to circumstances prevailing at his death, and the time of execution of the will in any other case. (b)如无此规则，则须应用在有关时间与立遗嘱人关系最密切的法律体系，而为此目的，凡有待决定的事项是涉及立遗嘱人去世时情况的，则有关时间指立遗嘱人去世时，而在其他情况下则指签立遗嘱的时间。(9) This section shall not apply to a will of a testator who died before 26th June 1992 and shall apply to a will of a testator who dies after that date whether the will was executed before or after that date. 立遗嘱人如于本条例生效日期前去世，则本条例不适用于其遗嘱；立遗嘱人如于本条例生效后去世，则不论其遗嘱是于本条例生效之前或之后签立，本条例均告适用； 4A24/92.24/92.Mode of execution.签署方式6. (1) No will shall be valid unless it is in writing and executed in the manner mentioned in subsection (2). 只有采用书面形式并以第2款中规定的方式签署的遗嘱方为有效。(2) Every will shall be signed at the foot or end thereof by the testator, or by some other person in his presence and by his direction, and the signature shall be made or acknowledged by the testator as the signature to his will or codicil in the presence of two or more witnesses present at the same time, and those witnesses shall subscribe the will in the presence of the testator, but no form of attestation shall be necessary.遗嘱应当由立遗嘱人签署，或由其他人在立遗嘱人面前并依其指示签署，看来立遗嘱人是欲以其签署而令该遗嘱生效的；立遗嘱人是在2名或2名以上同时在场的见证人面前作出该签署或承认该签署；及每名见证人在立遗嘱人面前作见证并签署该遗嘱；或承认其所作的签署，但无须符合任何见证的格式。 (3) Every will shall, as far only as regards the position of the signature of the testator, or of the person signing for him as mentioned in subsection (2), be deemed to be valid under this section if the signature shall be so placed at or after, or following, or under, or beside, or opposite to the end of the will, that it shall be apparent on the face of the will that the testator intended to give effect by such his signature to the writing signed as his will; and no such will shall be affected by the circumstance 每份遗嘱，就立遗嘱者或第2款中所提到者的签名位置而言，只要签名在遗嘱的末端、结尾处、或相对处等显眼位置，立遗嘱人是欲以其签署而令该遗嘱生效；以下情形的变化不影响遗嘱的成立。21/38.(a) that the signature shall not follow or be immediately after the foot or end of the will; 未在在遗嘱页脚或结尾签名；(b) that a blank space shall intervene between the concluding word of the will and the signature; 遗嘱结语和签名之间留有空白处；(c) that the signature shall be placed among the words of the testimonium clause or of the clause of attestation, or shall follow or be after or under the clause of attestation, either with or without a blank space intervening, or shall follow or be after, or under, or beside the names or one of the names of the subscribing witnesses; 在遗嘱的末了条款或者证明条款之间签名，或者在证明条款之后签名，无论中间有无空白处或是否在在签名的见证人的名字之后或旁边签署。(d) that the signature shall be on a side or page or other portion of the paper or papers 【containing the will （whereon no clause or paragraph or disposing part of the will）】 shall be written above the signature; or 签名以上部分的遗嘱内容没有分条、款、段落或没有遗嘱的处置部分，在遗嘱页面的卷旁或其他部分的签名。(e) that there shall appear to be sufficient space on or at the bottom of the preceding side or page or other portion of the same paper on which the will is written to contain the signature. 遗嘱中含有签名的那一页的上端或前一页或该页的其他部分留有空白处。(4) The enumeration of the circumstances under subsection (3) shall not restrict the generality of that subsection; but no signature under this Act shall be operative to give effect to any disposition or direction which is underneath or which follows it, nor shall it give effect to any disposition or direction inserted after the signature shall be made.第3款中列举的情形不对该款加以概括性限制；但并不是所有的签名都可以根据本法赋予处分或指示的效力，也不是在签署名字之后就必然使任何的处置行为或指示行为生效。5Execution of appointment by will.通过遗嘱指定受益人7. (1) No appointment made by will, in exercise of any power, shall be valid, unless the will is executed in the manner required by this Act. 凡藉遗嘱行使任何权利指定受益，该遗嘱须按照本法要求的方式签立，否则无效。(2) Every will executed in the manner required by this Act shall, so far as respects the execution and attestation thereof, be a valid execution of a power of appointment by will,notwithstanding that it shall have been expressly required that a will made in exercise of that power should be executed with some additional or other form of execution or solemnity. 每份如此签立的遗嘱，就其签立及见证方面而言，即为藉遗嘱有效行使指定受益的权力，即使有明文规定，为行使此权力而签立的遗嘱，须另加若干额外或其他的签立形式或仪式，亦是如此。6Publication of will not necessary.无须公布遗嘱。8. Every will executed in the manner required by this Act shall be valid without any other publication thereof. 按照本条例签立的遗嘱无须任何其他公布均为有效7Will not to be invalidated by reason of incompetency of attesting witness.遗嘱不因见证人没有资格而无效。9. If any person who attests the execution of a will shall, at the time of the execution thereof or at any time afterwards, be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution thereof, the will shall not on that account be invalid. 见证遗嘱签立的人，如于签立时或其后任何时间，没有资格获接受为可证明该项签立的见证人，该遗嘱并不因此而无效。8Gifts to attesting witness or to wife or husband of attesting witness to be void.对见证人及其配偶的馈赠无效。10. (1) If any person attests the execution of any will （to whom or to whose wife or husband any beneficial devise, legacy, estate, interest, gift or appointment of or affecting any real or personal estate,）【 other than and except charges and directions for the payment of any debt,】 shall be thereby given or made, the devise, legacy, estate, interest, gift or appointment shall, 【so far only as concerns the person attesting the execution of the will, or the wife or husband of that person, or any person claiming under that person or wife or husband,】 be utterly null and void. 任何人如见证遗嘱的签立，而该遗嘱对该人或其配偶作出任何财产的处置或作出对任何财产有影响的处置(押记或偿债的指示除外)，则该项处置中凡有关该名见证遗嘱签立的人、其配偶或根据该人或其配偶的权利而提出要求者的部分，均属无效。(2) The attesting witness referred to in subsection (1) shall be admitted as a witness to prove the execution of the will or to prove the validity or invalidity thereof, notwithstanding the devise, legacy, estate, interest, gift or appointment mentioned in the will. 遗嘱上尽管有该项处置，见证的人仍获接受为见证人，以证明遗嘱的签立，或证明该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。(3) The attestation of a will by a person to whom or to whose spouse there is given or made any disposition as is described in subsection (1) shall be disregarded for the purposes of that subsection if the will is duly executed without his attestation and without that of any other such person. 为第(1)款的施行，获得该款所述的处置的任何人或其配偶，如为遗嘱作见证，而该遗嘱没有其见证或任何这些人的见证亦已属妥为签立，则该人所作的见证须不予理会。24/92.(4) Subsection (3) shall apply to the will of any person dying after the passing of the Wills (Amendment) Act 1992, whether executed before or after the passing of that Act. 第3款适用于在1992年遗嘱（修正）条例通过之后的去世的人，无论该遗嘱的签署是在该条例通过之前或之后。924/92.24/92.Creditor attesting a will charging estate with debts to be admitted a witness.遗嘱如述明以产业抵押债务,见证的债权人可获接受为见证人。11. In case by any will any real or personal estate shall be charged with any debt, and any creditor, or the wife or husband of any creditor, whose debt is so charged, shall attest the execution of the will, the creditor notwithstanding the charge shall be admitted a witness to prove the execution of the will or to prove the validity or invalidity thereof.遗嘱如述明以任何财产抵押债务，而获如此抵押债务的债权人或其配偶见证该遗嘱的签立，则尽管有该项抵押，该债权人仍获接受为见证人，以证明遗嘱的签立，或证明该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。10Executor not incompetent to be witness.遗嘱执行人可获接受为见证人。12. No person shall, on account of his being an executor of a will, be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of the will or to prove the validity or invalidity thereof. 任何人不会仅因为身为遗嘱执行人，而没有资格获接受为见证人以证明遗嘱的签立，或证明该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。11Will to be revoked by marriage except in certain cases.除某些情况外，遗嘱可因婚姻而撤销。13. (1) Every will made by a man or woman shall be revoked by his or her marriage, except a will made in exercise of a power of appointment, when the real or personal estate thereby appointed would not in default of such appointment pass to his or her heir, executor or administrator or the person entitled under the Intestate Succession Act. 在行使指定受益的权力时，根据无遗嘱财产继承法，除非如此指定的财产若没有该项指定便会转移于立遗嘱人的继承人、遗产执行人或管理人，否则即使立遗嘱人其后缔结婚姻，遗嘱所作的处置仍须有效。Cap. 146.(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a will made on or after 29th August 1938 is expressed to be made in contemplation of a marriage, the will shall not be revoked by the solemnization of the marriage contemplated; and this subsection shall apply notwithstanding that the marriage contemplated may be the first, second or subsequent marriage of a person lawfully practising polygamy. 虽然第1款有所规定，但是在1938年8月29日及其后签立的遗嘱显示出立遗嘱人在该遗嘱订立时，正预期与某人缔结婚姻，而且其意愿是不欲该遗嘱因该段婚姻而撤销，则该遗嘱不得因立遗嘱人与该人缔结婚姻而撤销。尽管该段婚姻可能是人们合法实行一夫多妻制的第一次、第二次或第多次婚姻，此款依然适用。1221/38.No will to be revoked by presumption from altered circumstances.遗嘱不因外在条件变化做出的推定而撤销。14. No will shall be revoked by any presumption of an intention on the ground of an alteration in circumstances. 以情况有变为理由而对立遗嘱人的意愿作出的任何推定，不得使遗嘱撤销。13Revocation of will or codicil.遗嘱或遗嘱附件的撤销15. No will or codicil, or any part thereof, shall be revoked otherwise than 任何遗嘱的全部或任何部分，均不得撤销，除非(a) as provided in section 13; 根据第13条的规定因缔结婚姻而撤销；(b) by another will or codicil executed in the manner by this Act required;藉另一有效的遗嘱而撤销；(c) by some writing declaring an intention to revoke it, and executed in the manner in which a will is by this Act required to be executed; or 藉立遗嘱人可有效地签立遗嘱的方式签立的遗嘱撤销书而撤销；或(d) by the burning, tearing, or otherwise destroying the will by the testator, or by some person in his presence and by his direction, with the intention of revoking it. 由立遗嘱人，或由其他人在立遗嘱人面前并依其指示，在立意撤销该遗嘱的情况下将该遗嘱烧毁、撕毁或以其他方法毁灭而撤销。(2)以情况有变为理由而对立遗嘱人的意愿作出的任何推定，不得使遗嘱撤销。14Effect of obliteration, interlineation or alteration.更改已签立的遗嘱16. (1) No obliteration, interlineation or other alteration made in any will after the execution thereof shall be valid or have any effect except so far as the words or effect of the will before such alteration shall not be apparent, unless the alteration shall be executed in the like manner as by this Act is required for the execution of the will. 遗嘱签立后，其中的涂改、安插于行间的字或其他更改均不具任何效力或作用，除非在作如此更改前，遗嘱的字义或作用并不明显，而该等更改是由立遗嘱人以他在作出该等更改时可有效地签立遗嘱的方式签立。(2) A will referred to in subsection (1), with such alteration as part thereof, shall be deemed to be duly executed if the signature of th