名词冠词讲解初中英语语法.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义6讲义编号 09sh8yy000515学员编号：sh8yl62 年 级：初二 课时数：3学员姓名：刘丰 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：杨红霞 学科组长签名及日期赵宇教务长签名及日期课 题名词和冠词的用法授课时间：2009年7月7日 12:5014：50备课时间：2009年7月3日 教学目标让学生掌握系统掌握名词，冠词的类型以及用法。重点、难点1.名词方面的单复数问题；2.定冠词和不定冠词的用法。考点及考试要求要求学生掌握名词、冠词的基本用法，在习题中灵活运用所学知识，掌握解题思路及方法。教学内容Teaching plansStep one : 复习以前上课的内容Step two : 默写单词Step three: 名词和冠词的专项讲解与练习。Step four: 课堂训练（每部分知识点讲解后即时训练）Step five: 总结以及课后作业。一：复习以前上课的内容二：默写单词三：名词和冠词专项讲解与练习（1）【名词】名词当然是同学都很熟悉的了，我们吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK, follow me。 First, 名词复数的特殊变化 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是： a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es； b. story, factory 等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es； c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es； d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。 e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。* 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。 * 注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。 别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 名词所有格： 表示“的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，.则表示“分别有”。.如：Johns and Marys room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示共有。如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。 名词部分我们已经复习完， 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了， Are you ready? 1. All the _teachers and _students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl 2. Mr Black is a friend of _. A. Jacks aunts B. Jacks aunt C. Jack aunts D. aunts of Jack 3. This toy was made by a _ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D. ten-years-older 4. The farmer raised ten _. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_. A. her grandmother B. her grandmothers C. her grandmothers D. that of her grandmother 6. We have moved into a _. A. two- storey house B. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house 7. The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel 8. Well give our English teacher a card for _. A. the Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. a Teachers Day D. Teachers Day 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 10. _are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms windows 11. Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour. A. a B. an C. the D. / 12. This nice blouse isnt mine. Its _. A. you B. your C. Lucy D. yours 13. Whats potato in Chinese?Its _ . A. 香蕉 B. 大白菜 C. 西红柿 D. 土豆 14. The ninth month of a year is _. A. December B. November C. September D. October 15. A: Must I leave now? B: No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont 16. We have a history lesson _Wednesday afternoon. A. on B. of C. at D. to 17. Susan has made quite _friends since she came to China. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 18. A: Have you ever _to the West Lake? B: Yes, I _there last winter. A. gone, went B. been, went C. gone , have been D. been, have 19. Do you _English? A. tell B. say C. talk D. speak 20. A: May I _your ruler? B: OK, Im glad to _it to you. A. lend, borrow B. lend, lend C. borrow , lend D. borrow, borrow 21. Well go to the museum if it _tomorrow. A. cant rain B. wont rain C. dont rain D. doesnt rain 22. Do you know _? A. where does he study B. he studies where C. where he studies D. he where studies 23. A: _do you go to see your grandparents? B: Once a month A. How often B. How long C. how much D. how many 24. A: Would you like another cup of orange? B: _Im full. A. No, thanks B. Yes, please. C. Here it is. D. I dont like. 25. You must be tired. Why not _a rest? A. to stop to have B. stop having C. stop to have D. to stop having轻松阅读时刻A Girl Just Like MotherNo matter which girl he brought home， the young man found disapproval from his mother A friend gave him advice “Find a girl just like your motherthen shes bound to like her So the young man searched and searched， and finally found the girlHe told his friendly adviser： “Just like you said， I found a girl who looked，talked，dressed， and even cooked like motherAnd just as you said，mother liked her” “So，”asked the friend，“what happened？” “Nothing，”said the young man“My father hates her！”（2）冠词的复习冠词可以分为不定冠词（a ,an）和定冠词（the）,名词前用a还是用an 取决于它第一个字母的发音，如果是元音就用an ,如果是辅音就用：a冠词THE的基本用法：1 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物，强调整个类别例：The orange is a kind of fruit. 橘子是一种水果。The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。The computer is important to us. 电脑对我们来说是重要的。2 用在乐器名词前，表示演奏,球类前面不用the例：She can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。He played the guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。提示但乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the.例：He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。 She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。3 用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前例：the Yangtze River 长江the Red Sea 红海the West Lake 西湖the Pacific 太平洋the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山the Nile 尼罗河the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉the South China Sea 南中国海提示例外的情况:Mount Tai 泰山China Daily 中国日报4 用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前或者独一无二的名词前例：the Great Wall 长城the United Nations 联合国the New York Times 纽约时报the United States of America 美国the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the North Pole 北极the Peoples Daily 人民日报5 用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念例： the old 老年人the happy 幸福的人the poor 穷人the aged 老人the sick 病人the impossible 不可能的事the young 年轻人the rich 富人the blind 盲人the wounded 伤员the smooth 顺事the beautiful 美，美的东西The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。The wounded have been sent to the hospital. 伤员已经被送到医院去了。6 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人例：The Greens will more to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。The Wangs came to see us yesterday. 王家一家人昨天来看我们。The Browns are very friendly. 布朗夫妇都很友好。7. 用在某些习惯用语中例：in the morning 在上午in the evening 在晚上in the field 在田野里in the country 在乡间in the sun 在阳光下in the distance 在远处on the right 在右边by the way 顺便说一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime 白天go to the concert 去听音乐会at (/in) the beginning 开始at the moment 当时，此刻all the year round 一年到头go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏at the weekend 周末in the afternoon 在下午in the night 在夜里in the sky 在空中in the dark 在暗处in the rain 在雨中in the shade 在阴凉处on the left 在左边all the time 始终in the middle of 在中间on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然on the whole 总之at the same time 同时on the plane 在飞机上in the year 2008 在2008年the other day 前几天at the bottom of 在底部in the end 终于on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面提示下面几个短语前不加定冠词：例：at dawn 在黎明at night 在晚上at noon 在正午at dusk 在黄昏冠词部分我们已经复习完， 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了， Are you ready? ( ) 1.Yesterday we held_ talk with them in the hall.A. the B. this C. a D. an( ) 2.My mother had_ fever, so I had to look after her.A a B. the C./ D. this( ) 3 .Looking at, he took_deep breath.A. / B. a C. that D. its( ) 4.It is_since we_last time.A. long time; met B. a long time; meet C. a long time; met D. the long time; meet ( ) 5. It is_ pleasure to work with these workers.A. an B. / C. a D. this( ) 6.After _ quick breakfast I hurried to _ school.A. /; / B. a; / C. the; the D. the; /( ) 7.This is_egg. _egg is big。A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The( ) 8.There is_ W in_word map.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; the D. a; the( ) 9. Here is _basket. _ basket is mine.A. a; The B. the; An. C. a; A D. the; A( ) 10.There is_ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; The B. a; A C. the; A D. a; The四：每部分知识点后即时训练五：课后作业：I. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案。）( ) 1. All of the people at the party enjoyed _ last night. A. them B. themselves C. ourselves D. ours( ) 2. Our new flat is more beautiful than _. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself( ) 3. _, he got high marks in the exam and went to a very good university. A. First B. Next C. Then D. Finally( ) 4. Look, Jackie _ a little mouse on the wall. A. draws B. drew C. has drawn D. is drawing( ) 5. About 100 people _ this meeting soon. A. attend B. are attending C. will attend D. have attended( ) 6. Mrs. Wang cant be in her office now. She _ badminton with his daughter. A. plays B. is playing C. has played D. played( ) 7. - _ is the boy standing there? -Hes my brother. A. Which B. What C. How D. Who( ) 8. I _ this book for two months. I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept( ) 9. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to( ) 10. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began( ) 11. Which is _ interesting, Science, Maths or English? A. more B. the most C. very D. too( ) 12. She cant be at home. I _ her doing shopping in the shopping center just now. A. see B. saw C. am seeing D. have seen( ) 13. When we were singing happily, our English teacher suddenly _ the classroom. A. enters B. entered C. has entered D. was entering ( ) 14. I _ that the boy _ with no tears in his eyes. A. noticing cried B. noticed cried C. noticed crying D. noticing crying( ) 15. - _ a sports meet last Saturday? - Yes, they _. A. Did they have, did B. Did they have, had C. Had they, had D. Had they, did( ) 16. -_ your brother _ letter to? - My father. A. Who wrote B. What wrote C. Who did write D. What did write( ) 17. Do you know when he _? A. arrive B. arrives C. has arrived D. will arrive( ) 18. Today Jim