六级写作翻译精讲.pdf

有道学堂 有道学堂 2014 年年 12 月六级冲刺班月六级冲刺班之翻译 1 讲 主讲 欧文老师 翻译题型改革 翻译 原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英 翻译内容涉及中国的历史 文化 经济 社会发展等 六 级长度为 180 200 个汉字 六级翻译评分标准 档次 评 分 标 准 13 15 分 译文准确表达了原文的意思 用词贴切 行文流畅 基本上无语言错误 仅有 个别小错 10 12 分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思 文字通顺 连贯 无重大语言错误 7 9 分 译文勉强表达了原文的意思 用词欠准确 语言错误相当多 其中有些是严重 语言错误 4 6 分 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思 用词不准确 有相当多的严重语言错误 1 3 分 译文支离破碎 除个别词语或句子 绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思 0 分 未作答 或只有几个孤立的词 或译文与原文毫不相关 六级翻译考试要求 Part I V Translation 30 m inutes Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2 翻译冲刺精讲之一 当今世界 环境保护已经成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题 过去 10 年里 海平面 上升和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的 生态恶化 物种灭绝 温室效应等一系列环境问题 已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和健康 中国作为一个发展中国家 面临着发展经济和保护 环境的双重任务 从国情出发 中国在全面推进现代化的过程中 将环境保护视为一项基本 国策 并在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之一 1 当今世界 环境保护已经成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题 各国政府 the governments of many countries 各界人士 people from all walks of life Nowadays environmental protection has become an issue that the governments of many countries and people from all walks of life commonly care about 翻译冲刺精讲之一 2 过去 10 年里 海平面上升和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的 生态恶化 物种灭绝 温 室效应等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和健康 特别注意 前所未有的 被译作 at an unprecedented rate 生态恶化 被译作 deterioration of ecosystem 物种灭绝 被译作 extinction of species 严重影响到 have posed a serious threat to During the past ten years sea level rose and forests were destroyed at an unprecedented rate while a series of environmental problems such as deterioration of ecosystem extinction of species and the green house effect have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health 翻译冲刺精讲之一 中国作为一个发展中国家 面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务 面临着 译作 is confronted with 双重任务 译作 the dual tasks of As a developing country China is confronted with the dual tasks of developing economy and protecting environment 翻译冲刺精讲之一 4 从国情出发 中国在全面推进现代化的过程中 将环境保护视为一项基本国策 并在全国 范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动 句中的 从国情出发 译作 Based on its national conditions 句中的 在全面推进现代 化的过程中 译作 in the process of promoting overall modernization 基本国策 译作 basic state policies Based on its national conditions China has in the process of promoting overall modernization made environmental protection one of its basic state policies and carried out nationwide campaigns of pollution prevention and treatment as well as environment and ecology protection 翻译冲刺精讲之一 参考译文 Nowadays environmental protection has become an issue that the governments of many countries and people from all walks of life commonly care about During the past ten years sea level rose and forests were destroyed at an unprecedented rate while a series of environmental problems such as deterioration of ecosystem extinction of species and the green house effect have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health As a developing country China is confronted with the dual tasks of developing economy and protecting environment Based on its national conditions China has in the process of promoting overall modernization made environmental protection one of its basic state policies and carried out nationwide campaigns of pollution prevention and treatment as well as environment and ecology protection 翻译冲刺精讲之二 中华民族历来尊重人的尊严 dignity 和价值 还在遥远的古代 我们的先人就已提出 民 为贵 的思想 认为 天生万物 唯人为贵 一切社会的发展和进步 都取决于人的发展 和进步 取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥 今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力 是中国人 民拥有广泛自由 民主的生动写照 今天的中国是一个超过 13 亿人口的发展中大国 如果 不解决好最广大人民的生存权和发展权 人的尊严也就无从谈起 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之二 1 中华民族历来尊重人的尊严 dignity 和价值 中华民族 The Chinese nation The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value 翻译冲刺精讲之二 2 还在遥远的古代 我们的先人就已提出 民为贵 的思想 认为 天生万物 唯人为贵 特别注意 遥远的古代 被译作 in the ancient times 民为贵 被译作 people are the most important 天生万物 唯人为贵 被译作 man is the most valuable among all the things that nature fosters Even in the ancient times our ancestors put forward the idea that people are the most important and believed man is the most valuable among all the things that nature fosters 翻译冲刺精讲之二 一切社会的发展和进步 都取决于人的发展和进步 取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥 人的尊严的维护 译作 how well human dignity is maintained 价值的发挥 译 作 how much their value is realized All the progress and development of a society depend upon human development and progress and how well human dignity is maintained and how much their value is realized 翻译冲刺精讲之二 4 今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力 是中国人民拥有广泛自由 民主的生动写照 句中的 巨大活力 译作 large vitality 句中的 拥有广泛自由 民主 译作 the wide freedom and democracy The large vitality shown by China today is a vivid picture of the wide freedom and democracy 翻译冲刺精讲之二 5 今天的中国是一个超过 13 亿人口的发展中大国 如果不解决好最广大人民的生存权和发 展权 人的尊严也就无从谈起 句中的 生存权和发展权 译作 the rights to subsistence and development 句中的 无 从谈起 译作 be no need to In today s China the large developing country with a population of over 1 3 billion if the rights to subsistence and development of the majority of Chinese people are not given priority to there would be no need to mention human dignity 翻译冲刺精讲之二 参考译文 The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value Even in the ancient times our ancestors put forward the idea that people are the most important and believed man is the most valuable among all the things that nature fosters All the progress and development of a society depend upon human development and progress and how well human dignity is maintained and how much their value is realized The large vitality shown by China today is a vivid picture of the wide freedom and democracy In today s China the large developing country with a population of over 1 3 billion if the rights to subsistence and development of the majority of Chinese people are not given priority to there would be no need to mention human dignity 翻译冲刺精讲之三 在陕北 人们的喜怒哀乐都可以用民歌的形式来表达 无论是站在崇山峻岭之巅 还是走在 弯弯曲曲的山道里 到处都可以听到顺风飘来的悠扬歌声 这就是陕北民歌 the northern Shaanxi folk songs 陕北民歌种类很多 以小调 Small Tune 和信天游 Xin Tian you 为主 小调以叙事为主 一般都有场景 人物 故事情节 还有细节描写 信天游篇幅比较 短小 是即兴创作的产物 可以根据不同场景自由吟唱 在 8000 首陕北民歌中 反映爱情 生活 婚姻问题 或与这些内容有关的作品 占全部民歌的 80 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之三 1 在陕北 人们的喜怒哀乐都可以用民歌的形式来表达 喜怒哀乐 的译法 all the feelings of happiness anger sadness and joy 用民歌的 形式来表达 can be expressed in folk songs In northern Shaanxi all the feelings of happiness anger sadness and joy can be expressed in folk songs 翻译冲刺精讲之三 2 无论是站在崇山峻岭之巅 还是走在弯弯曲曲的山道里 到处都可以听到顺风飘来的悠扬 歌声 这就是陕北民歌 the northern Shaanxi folk songs 特别注意 顺风飘来的 被译作 in the blow of wind 弯弯曲曲的山道里 被译作 walking on the winding rocky roads Wherever you go standing on the top of the mountains or walking on the winding rocky roads you can always hear the sweet songs in the blow of wind the northern Shaanxi folk songs 翻译冲刺精讲之三 陕北民歌种类很多 以小调 Small Tune 和信天游 Xin Tian you 为主 以 为主 译作 hold the leading positions Northern Shaanxi folk songs have many types among which Small Tune and Xin Tian you hold the leading positions 翻译冲刺精讲之三 4 小调以叙事为主 一般都有场景 人物 故事情节 还有细节描写 句中的 小调 译作 Small Tune Small Tune mainly narrative generally has scenes characters plots and details 翻译冲刺精讲之三 5 信天游篇幅比较短小 是即兴创作的产物 可以根据不同场景自由吟唱 本句中的 即兴创作的产物 译作 Short and made on the spot Xin Tian you is a kind of folk song widely popular in northern Shaanxi Short and made on the spot it can be sung freely depending on different scenes 翻译冲刺精讲之三 6 在 8000 首陕北民歌中 反映爱情生活 婚姻问题 或与这些内容有关的作品 占全部民 歌的 80 本句中的 占 译作 amount to In the 8 000 Northern Shaanxi folk songs the songs reflecting love marriage and the like amount to 80 翻译冲刺精讲之三 参考译文 In northern Shaanxi all the feelings of happiness anger sadness and joy can be expressed in folk songs Wherever you go standing on the top of the mountains or walking on the winding rocky roads you can always hear the sweet songs in the blow of wind the northern Shaanxi folk songs Northern Shaanxi folk songs have many types among which Small Tune and Xin Tian you hold the leading positions Small Tune mainly narrative generally has scenes characters plots and details Xin Tian you is a kind of folk song widely popular in northern Shaanxi Short and made on the spot it can be sung freely depending on different scenes In the 8 000 Northern Shaanxi folk songs the songs reflecting love marriage and the like amount to 80 翻译冲刺精讲之四 文天祥是中国历史上的名臣 江西人 他从小爱读历史上忠臣烈士的传记 立志要向他们学 习 年轻时就考中了状元 忽必烈建立元朝以后 他带兵逼近临安 南宋首都 今杭州 南宋朝廷在危急中任命文天祥为右丞相 去和元军谈判 然而文天祥被元军扣押 在押往大 都途中 他趁机逃走 并在福州 广东重新组织力量抗击元军 最终因力量悬殊 disparity 被元军再次抓住 关押了 3 年 宁愿死也不肯投降 1283 年 年仅 47 岁的文天祥去世 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之四 1 文天祥是中国历史上的名臣 江西人 历史上的名臣 的译法 a renowned minister in history Wen Tianxiang who was born in Jiangxi Province was a renowned minister in history 翻译冲刺精讲之四 2 他从小爱读历史上忠臣烈士的传记 立志要向他们学习 年轻时就考中了状元 特别注意 忠臣烈士的传记 被译作 biographies of loyal ministers 考中了状元 被译 作 he achieved the first place in the imperial civil examination In his youth he was fond of reading biographies of loyal ministers and made up his mind to model himself on them he achieved the first place in the imperial civil examination 翻译冲刺精讲之四 忽必烈建立元朝以后 他带兵逼近临安 南宋首都 今杭州 带兵逼近临安 译作 commanded armies to approach Lin an When Kublai Khan founded the Yuan Dynasty he commanded armies to approach Lin an the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty today s Hangzhou 翻译冲刺精讲之四 4 南宋朝廷在危急中任命文天祥为右丞相 去和元军谈判 句中的 右丞相 译作 Appointed the Prime Minister Appointed the Prime Minister by the Southern Song in the emergency situation Wen Tianxiang went to negotiate with the Yuan army 翻译冲刺精讲之四 5 然而文天祥被元军扣押 在押往大都途中 他趁机逃走 并在福州 广东重新组织力量抗 击元军 最终因力量悬殊 disparity 被元军再次抓住 关押了 3 年 宁愿死也不肯投降 特别注意复杂中文长难句的分译法 However he was detained by the Yuan side but managed to escape on the way of being escorted to Dadu Wen escaped to Fuzhou and Guangdong where he reorganized forces to fight against the Yuan army He was captured once more because of the great disparity in forces between the two sides and spent three years as a prisoner He would rather die than surrender 翻译冲刺精讲之四 6 1283 年 年仅 47 岁的文天祥去世 Wen Tianxiang died in 1283 at the age of 47 翻译冲刺精讲之四 参考译文 Wen Tianxiang who was born in Jiangxi Province was a renowned minister in history In his youth he was fond of reading biographies of loyal ministers and made up his mind to model himself on them in his youth he achieved the first place in the imperial civil examination When Kublai Khan founded the Yuan Dynasty he commanded armies to approach Lin an the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty today s Hangzhou Appointed the Prime Minister by the Southern Song in the emergency situation Wen Tianxiang went to negotiate with the Yuan army However he was detained by the Yuan side but managed to escape on the way of being escorted to Dadu Wen escaped to Fuzhou and Guangdong where he reorganized forces to fight against the Yuan army He was captured once more because of the great disparity in forces between the two sides and spent three years as a prisoner He would rather die than surrender Wen Tianxiang died in 1283 at the age of 47 翻译冲刺精讲之五 由于西藏地处 世界屋脊 Roof of the World 自然条件恶劣 也由于几百年落后的封 建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制 西藏在全国还属于欠发达地区 但是 过去 60 年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌 而且西藏人民生活质量也大大提高 了 2000 年 西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困 实现温饱 部分群众生活达到了小康水 平 随着人民生活逐步富裕 冰箱 彩电 洗衣机等消费品进入了越来越多的寻常百姓家 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之五 1 由于西藏地处 世界屋脊 Roof of the World 自然条件恶劣 也由于几百年落后的封 建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制 西藏在全国还属于欠发达地区 喜怒哀乐 的译法 an underdeveloped area 落后的封建农奴制 the backward feudal serfdom Located on the Roof of the World Tibet is still an underdeveloped area in China due to its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by the backward feudal serfdom with a history of hundreds of years 翻译冲刺精讲之五 2 但是 过去 60 年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌 而且西藏人民生活质 量也大大提高了 特别注意 极大地改变了 被译作 has dramatically changed 也大大提高 被译作 been remarkably improved However the development in the past 60 years in Tibet has dramatically changed its former poverty and backwardness and the Tibetan people s living standards have been remarkably improved 翻译冲刺精讲之五 2000 年 西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困 实现温饱 摆脱贫困 实现温饱 译作 had basically shaken off poverty and had adequate food and clothes In 2000 people of various ethnic groups in Tibet had basically shaken off poverty and had adequate food and clothes 翻译冲刺精讲之五 4 部分群众生活达到了小康水平 句中的 小康水平 译作 live a well off life Part of them have begun to live a well off life 翻译冲刺精讲之五 5 随着人民生活逐步富裕 冰箱 彩电 洗衣机等消费品进入了越来越多的寻常百姓家 本句中的 人民生活 译作 people s livelihood As people s livelihood improves consumer goods such as refrigerators color TV sets and washing machines have entered more and more ordinary people s home 翻译冲刺精讲之五 参考译文 Located on the Roof of the World Tibet is still an underdeveloped area in China due to its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by the backward feudal serfdom with a history of hundreds of years However the development in the past 60 years in Tibet has dramatically changed its former poverty and backwardness and the Tibetan people s living standards have been remarkably improved In 2000 people of various ethnic groups in Tibet had basically shaken off poverty and had adequate food and clothes Part of them have begun to live a well off life As people s livelihood improves consumer goods such as refrigerators color TV sets and washing machines have entered more and more ordinary people s home 翻译冲刺精讲之六 最近对中国 1 8 万名表示有兴趣在家教育 homeschool 孩子的父母进行的调查显示 其中 约有 2000 人已经开始在家给孩子上课 该调查由北京非政府组织 21 世纪教育研究院进行 调查数据通过多种网络平台收集 上述调查显示 选择在家教育孩子的中国父母中 一半以 上的人这样做的原因是他们反对传统学校性质死板的教学理念 其他选择在家教育孩子的人 认为 普通课堂的教授进度太慢 孩子没有得到充分尊重 另有 7 的人说 他们的孩子就 是讨厌传统学校生活 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之六 1 最近对中国 1 8 万名表示有兴趣在家教育 homeschool 孩子的父母进行的调查显示 其 中约有 2000 人已经开始在家给孩子上课 在家给孩子上课 的译法 give lessons to their kids at home According to a recent survey of 18 000 parents in China who have expressed their interest in homeschooling their children about 2 000 of them have already started to give lessons to their kids at home 翻译冲刺精讲之六 2 该调查由北京非政府组织 21 世纪教育研究院进行 调查数据通过多种网络平台收集 特别注意 21 世纪教育研究院 被译作 the 21st Century Education Research Institute 非 政府组织 被译作 NGO Conducted by the 21st Century Education Research Institute a Beijing based NGO the survey data was collected via various online platforms 翻译冲刺精讲之六 上述调查显示 选择在家教育孩子的中国父母中 一半以上的人这样做的原因是他们反对传 统学校性质死板的教学理念 反对 教学理念 译作 object to the teaching philosophy According to the survey among Chinese parents who choose to teach their kids at home over half of them do so because they object to the teaching philosophy of traditional schools which tends to be fairly rigid in nature 翻译冲刺精讲之六 4 其他选择在家教育孩子的人认为 普通课堂的教授进度太慢 孩子没有得到充分尊重 句中的 教授进度太慢 译作 pace of lessons is too slow 句中的 没有得到充分尊重 译作 not fully respected Others who choose to homeschool their kids think that in ordinary classrooms pace of lessons is too slow and that kids are not fully respected 翻译冲刺精讲之六 5 另有 7 的人说 他们的孩子就是讨厌传统学校生活 本句中的 讨厌传统学校生活 译作 sick of traditional school life Another 7 said their kids are simply sick of traditional school life 翻译冲刺精讲之六 参考译文 According to a recent survey of 18 000 parents in China who have expressed their interest in homeschooling their children about 2 000 of them have already started to give lessons to their kids at home Conducted by the 21st Century Education Research Institute a Beijing based NGO the survey data was collected via various online platforms According to the survey among Chinese parents who choose to teach their kids at home over half of them do so because they object to the teaching philosophy of traditional schools which tends to be fairly rigid in nature Others who choose to homeschool their kids think that in ordinary classrooms pace of lessons is too slow and that kids are not fully respected Another 7 said their kids are simply sick of traditional school life 翻译冲刺精讲之七 中国的大河如黄河 长江等 大多数是从西向东奔流入海 但是 有一条贯通南北的河流 它是一条人工河道 这就是著名的大运河 605 至 610 年 隋炀帝为了加强对全国的控制 使江南地区的物资能够更方便地运到北方来 动用了几百万民工 花费了约 6 年的时间 开凿了这条大运河 大运河的开通 使南方的粮食和物资源源不断运到北方 对于促进南北 经济 文化的交流和发展 维护国家的统一 起到了非常重要的作用 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之七 1 中国的大河如黄河 长江等 大多数是从西向东奔流入海 从西向东奔流入海 的译法 flow from west to east into the ocean China s major rivers such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River flow from west to east into the ocean 翻译冲刺精讲之七 2 但是 有一条贯通南北的河流 它是一条人工河道 这就是著名的大运河 特别注意 贯通南北的河流 被译作 which joins up the north and the south 一条人 工河道 被译作 a man dug waterway 著名的大运河 the famous Grand Canal But there is a river which joins up the north and the south It is a man dug waterway known as the famous Grand Canal 翻译冲刺精讲之七 605 至 610 年 隋炀帝为了加强对全国的控制 使江南地区的物资能够更方便地运到北方 来 动用了几百万民工 花费了约 6 年的时间 开凿了这条大运河 物资能够更方便地运 译作 to transport the materials more accessibly From 605 to 610 in order to strengthen his control of the country and to transport the materials more accessibly from the south of the Yangtze River to the north Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty gathered several million workers to construct this Grand Canal It took them about six years to complete 翻译冲刺精讲之七 4 大运河的开通 使南方的粮食和物资源源不断运到北方 对于促进南北经济 文化的交流 和发展 维护国家的统一 起到了非常重要的作用 句中的 维护国家的统一 译作 in maintaining political unity The opening of the Grand Canal helped to transport grains and materials from south to north continuously and thus played a very important role in promoting the economic and cultural development and in maintaining political unity of the whole country 翻译冲刺精讲之七 参考译文 China s major rivers such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River flow from west to east into the ocean But there is a river which joins up the north and the south It is a man dug waterway known as the famous Grand Canal From 605 to 610 in order to strengthen his control of the country and to transport the materials more accessibly from the south of the Yangtze River to the north Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty gathered several million workers to construct this Grand Canal It took them about six years to complete The opening of the Grand Canal helped to transport grains and materials from south to north continuously and thus played a very important role in promoting the economic and cultural development and in maintaining political unity of the whole country 翻译冲刺精讲之八 秦在公元前 770 年才被封为中国西部一个诸侯国 vassal state 疆域较小 国力不盛 自 商鞅变法后 秦很快成为战国七雄中的强国 秦王嬴政当政以后 发动了大规模的扩张战争 历时十年 先后灭了韩 赵 魏 楚 燕 齐 于公元前 221 年统一了六国 结束了长期 以来诸侯割据称雄的局面 建立了中国历史上第一个统一的多民族封建国家 秦朝的疆域 东到大海 西到陇西 北到长城一带 南到南海 人口达到 2 000 多万 逐句解读 翻译冲刺精讲之八 1 秦在公元前 770 年才被封为中国西部一个诸侯国 vassal state 疆域较小 国力不盛 被封为 的译法 came into existence 疆域较小 的译法 territory is small 国 力不盛 的译法 national power is weak It was not until 770 BC that the State of Qin came into existence as one of the vassal states in western China Its territory is small and national power is weak 翻译冲刺精讲之八 2 自商鞅变法后 秦很快成为战国七雄中的强国 特别注意 成为 被译作 emerged as 战国 被