外文翻译--万向节十字轴的润滑

附 录 附录 A 英文文献 the lubrication of Cross-axis gimbal assembly Cross-axis gimbal assemblyis the power transfer to an important part of the system. From the cars structure, however, the front wheel drive car is concerned, its transmission shaft is constant, the use of universal joint of the rear wheel drive the vehicle in the drive shaft, using two not constant speed universal joint couplings. The general SiCheZhu to universal joint of the shaft lubrication maintenance, because now very strange cars drive shaft of universal joint is one-time accessories, their basic the cross of the shaft lubrication use is high quality, and universal joint is grease with life； And some commercial transport vehicles, especially the old model of existing truck or can the maintenance of universal joint. Universal shaft in the work to handle a lot of torque and alternating load, repair industry used commonly known as the butter of calcium and manufactured the shaft lubrication to. But because the calcium and manufactured of oil film degree is poorer, in strong bearing and shaft neck of friction surface, difficult to form good oil film, is causing the universal joint axis needle bearing early the cause of damage. In addition, because the old universal shaft structure reason, when the mechanic design with butter gun through the note nozzle inner cavity axis to cross and grease, because the grease viscosity, into the narrow way of oil in the oil, then a grease resistance by pressure will top the pressure reducing valve open across the nozzle and overflow, this makes the repairman mistaken for already filled with fat to bearing, in fact, a lot of time not only can enter into a grease needle between, is to achieve the shaft neck end is more difficult. Therefore, repair industry the useful gear oil instead of grease lubrication universal joint cross axis practice. It is said that by comparison experiment, with gear oil lubrication universal ten bytes of service life is to use common butter lubrication for 2 3 times. But it also has need special note oil pressure, and for the first time in tools on the need to remove the shaft cleaning, more troublesome. And the gear oil as the lubrication grease proponent, it is necessary to shorten the cycle. Consider above reason, also someone using 2 # extreme pressure composite lithium and manufactured, this is based on two things: first, the liquidity is better, so it is easy to make its reach lubrication part. Second, the fat of the extreme pressure sex, suitable for universal ten bytes of working state. According to our understanding of users, at present the development trend of the universal shaft to cancel the oil hole, so must choose and equipment parts with grease of life, with fat types: the extreme pressure composite lithium, extreme pressure lithium, polyurea base fat. Such as universal machinery, the iron production car companies such as the blessing of universals cross axis needle bearing grease lubrication with. 附录 B中文翻译 万向节十字轴的润滑 万向节十字轴是汽车动力传递系统的重要组成部分。从汽车的结构来看，对前轮驱动车而 言，其传动轴是使用等速万向节接头，对后轮驱动的车辆而言，其传动轴使用两个不等速万向节接头。一般的私车主对万向节十字轴的润滑保养十分陌生，因为现在的小轿车传动轴的万向节基本是一次性配件，它们的十字轴润滑采用的是高质量的润滑脂，是与万向节同寿命的；而一些商业性运输车辆、特别是现存老型号卡车的万向节接头还是可维修的。 万向节十字轴在工作中要承受很大的扭力和交变载荷，维修行业过去常用俗称 “黄油 ”的钙基润滑脂来润滑十字轴。但由于钙基润滑脂的油膜坚韧程度较差，在轴承与轴颈的摩擦表面难以形成良好的油膜，是导致万向 节十字轴滚针轴承的早期损坏的原因。另外，由于老式万向节十字轴设计结构原因，当修理工用黄油枪通过注油嘴向十字轴内腔加润滑脂时，因为润滑脂的粘度大，进入狭窄内油槽油道的阻力很大，这时润滑脂靠压力会顶开油嘴对面的减压阀而溢出，这使修理工误认为已给轴承加满脂了，事实上很多时候润滑脂不仅不能进入滚针之间，就是达到十字轴颈端面也是较困难的。因此，维修行业里有用齿轮油代替润滑脂润滑万向节十字轴的做法。据说经过对比实验，用齿轮油润滑万向十字节的使用寿命是使用普通黄油进行润滑的 2 3 倍。但这样做也存在需要专门的加压注油工具， 同时在第一次加油时需把十字轴卸下清洗，比较麻烦。还有齿轮油的保持性不如润滑脂，其润滑周期需