大学英语综合教程第二册课后习题答案.doc

Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:Ways of learning is the topic of this unit. It is also the topic of the song you are about to listen to, called Teach Your Children sung by Crosby, Stills and Nash.Teach Your ChildrenCrosby, Stills and NashYou, who are on the road,Must nave a code that you can live by.And so, become yourselr,Because the past is just a goodbye.Teach your cbildren well,Their lathers hell did slowly go by.And reed them on your dreams,The one they picks, the one youll mow by.Dont you ever ash them why, ir they told you, you will cry, So just look at them and sigh and know they love you.Appendix I- 93 -And you, oi tender years,Cant know the rears that your elders grew by.Ana so please help them with your youtb,They seek the truth before tbey can die.Teacb your parents well,Tbeir childrens bell will slowly go by.And reed them on your dreams,Tbe one tbey picks, tbe one youll know by.Don t you ever ask them why, ir tbey told you, you will cry, So just look at them and sigh and know tbey love you.The first part of die song is about how parents can inspire their children through sharing with them their dreams, their hopes for a better life. It starts with advice on how you need a set of rules, a code diat you can live by, to guide you on the road of life. Only then will you be able to fully realise all that is within you and become yourself. Therefore, parents need to teach their children well.And children you of tender years also have something to teach their parents, for learning is not a one-way street. Children should share their own dreams with their parents so that young and old can get to understand each otiier better.That said, one should not go too far. For some things are perhaps better left unsaid between parents and children. Dont you ever ask them why, if they told you, you will cry. At such moments all that there is left to do is to look at one another and sigh, happy in each otiiers love.Part II Text A Text Organization1. 1) The text begins with an anecdote/incident.2) His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.3) The end winds up the text with a suggestion in die form of a question.Points for Comparison/ContrastChineseAmericans1) ways to learn to accomplish a taskshow a child how to do something, or teach by holding his handteach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems94 -Appendix I2) attitudes to creativity and skillsgive greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing creativity can be promoted over timeput more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up laterVocabulary1) insert2) on occasion3) investigate4) In retrospect5) initial6) phenomena7) attached8) make up for9) is awaiting10) exception11) not. in the least12) promote13) working on14) in due course15) emerged1) There is a striking contrast between the standard of living in the north of the country andthe south.2) Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3) The citys importance as a financial center has evolved slowly.4) His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5) The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.3. 1) Chinese isnt a subject that can be picked up in a month. You cant accomplish your goal of mastering the language unless you work at it for years. Well, it sounds as if Im exaggerating the difficulties, but the fact is Im only telling the truth.2) The principal is somewhat disappointed with the performance of the children. From what she has gathered, some of the teaching staff have neglected their pupils. She has just announced that strict work regulations have been made and that they apply to both Chinese and overseas teachers.3) The teacher-directed and the child-directed approaches to teaching art represent two extremes of opinion. Too many teacher-directed activities cannot be expected to effectively assisLchildren in learning because of the rigid structure. On the other hand, too many child-directed activities may see a curriculum that is totally unstructured and out of control. There are valid reasons to believe a teacher-guided approach would be a superior wayAppendix I- 95 -to guide childrens development. This approach combines some form of structure with the child leading the direction.II. Confusable Words1.1) continual 3) continual 21) principal 3) principle 5) principal2) continuous 4) continuous 2) principal 4) principlesIII. Usage1. themselves3. herself/by herself/on her own5. ourselves2. himself/herself4. itself6. yourself/by yourself/on your ownStructure1.1) Simons ill so much so that he cant get out of bed.2) She herself believed in freedom, so much so that she would rather die than live without it.3) Piles of work have kept us busy so much so that we cant manage to take a holiday this year.4) Many contestants later failed drug tests, so much so that the race had to be rerun.2.1) Assuming (that) this painting really is a Picasso2) Assuming (that) the proposal is accepted3) assuming, of course, that shes prepared to listen4) Even assuming (that) smokers do see the health warningsComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. contrast2. exaggerating3. priority4. on the other hand5. promoting6. pick up7. assist8. accomplish9. on occasion10. neglecting- 96 -Appendix I11. worthwhile12. superior(B)1. to2. affect/influence3. others4. each/them5. without6. controlled7. about8. value9. They10. little11. right12. but13. in14. what15. worth16. andII. TranslationI consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points.First, wide reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. On the one hand, rote learning/learning by rote is indeed of little help, but on the other hand, memorization/learning by heart with a good understanding will certainly be of benefit/do good to us. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learned into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English.Part III TextBComprehension Check1. c2. c3. d4. a5. c6. bTranslation(#ja Appendix III)Appendix I- 97 -Language Practice1. adopt3. plus5. furthermore7. annual9. pace 11. on demand 13. perspective 15. fell apart17. access 19. deposit2. account4. ended up6. fund8. keeping track of 10. intends 12. devise 14. undoubtedly 16. protest 18. resources 20. from your point of viewPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperHow I Learn at CollegeI went to school in a small town near Chengdu and now I am studying law at Fudan University in Shanghai. Passing from one to the other you have to get used to many new things, not the least being the different way of learning.At school I found my timetable full throughout the day. One lesson came close on the heels ofanother with little time to call ones own. At university, in contrast, only a few hours of each day aretaken up with classes or lectures. In the time made available you are expected to learn on your own.When and where is up to you. At the same time what you are meant to learn shifts from memorizingmasses of facts to developing an ability to understand theories and present arguments. There are, ofcourse, still facts to be learned. One should not exaggerate the differences. Nevertheless, learning atuniversity certainly teaches me greater self-reliance and to think for myself.(169 words)- 9& -Appendix IUnit 2Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:You have heard about Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, havent you? He came from a poor family, but rose to become one of the most fondly remembered presidents in his countrys history. There are many stories about him. Here is one of them.When Abraham Lincoln was young he worked in a store. As a clerk he proved honest and efficient. One day a woman came into the store and bought some articles. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents, or the young clerk thought they did. The bill was paid, and the woman was entirely satisfied. But the young store-keeper, not feeling quite sure as to the accuracy of his calculation, added up the items once more. To his dismay he found that the sum total should have been only two dollars. Ive made her pay six and a quarter cents too much, said Abe, disturbed. It was a very small sum, and many clerks would have dismissed it as such. But Abe was too conscientious to forget about the overcharge.The money must be paid back, he decided. This would have been easy enough had the woman lived just around the corner, but, as the young man knew, she lived two or three miles away. This, however, did not alter the matter. It was night, but he closed and locked the store, and walked to the home of his customer. Having arrived there, he explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfied. This anecdote won him a new name: Honest Abe.Appendix I- 99 -Part II Text Alext Organization1.PartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-4The waiter was disappointed to find that the Richest Man in America led so simple a life.Part TwoParas 5-13Being friendly, easy-going and never flashy, Walton carries on like plain folks and never wants any special treatment.Part ThreeParas 14-22With the Wal-Mart team in mind, Walton devotes himself heart and soul to making the business a great success.2.Character Traits1) free of self-importance2) friendly and easy-going3) never flashy4) hard working5) generousDetailswaits in line like everyone else to buy shells at the local Wal-Mart; has no reserved seat in church asks his employees to call him by his first name steers clear of reporters, dreamers, and schemers; manages to keep himself off the front page attends sales meetings, the executive pep rally set up a college scholarship fund and a disaster relief fundVocabularyI. 1. 1) local3)deserved5)system7)remote2) headlines 4) folks6) steer clear of 8) get away with-100-Appendix I9) open up10) hold to11) retire12) rally13) reserved14) qualify15) cultivate2.1) These serious problems deserve careful consideration in restructuring our educational sys-tems.2) The college is liable to stop her scholarship because of her failure in the final examination.3) San Francisco is, by all accounts, a city easy to fall in love with.4) Snow White received such bad treatment from her step-mother that she had to flee from her home.5) The United States, Canada, and Mexico make up North America.3.1) The principals daughter didnt receive special treatment from her teachers. She was re-warded for her excellent performance. When she graduated from high school in 1998, she had straight As and scholarship offers from some of the most famous universities in the country.2) Our boss is fully aware that his employees feel a lot of loyalty to the company because they are treated right. Besides a handsome pay check and a stock option, he has laid down a system under which employees are granted stock for their retirement.3) You are liable to be offered a discount or a reduction on things you buy at the local supermarket on weekends.II. Collocation1. about 3. at/on 5. with 7. from2. for 4. into 6. to 8. withIII. Usage1. a savings account3. a goods train5. a sales tax7. a current affairs program2. arms race4. communications equipment6. a customs officer8. a clothes shopAppendix I- 101 -Struclurc1.1) Only by rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employees.2) Only by working at evenings and weekends was Mary able to complete the report by the deadline.3) Only when I myself became a mother did I realize the value of my parents advice.4) Only after they had finished watching the football game did they begin to prepare for the math examination.2.1) The young woman described to the policemen the way the man ran up to her and grabbed thebag from her hand.2) All the people working for Sam Walton admire the way he manages Wal-Mart and the way he treats his employees.3) The neighbors were disgusted at the way he talked to his old father.4) Its amazing the way the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. cheerful3. executive5. reward7. loyalty9. qualified 11. folks (B)1. from3. spent5. through7. built9. led/lived11. millionaires 13. answer 15. by2. threw his weight around4. treatment6. cultivate8. stock 10. scholarships 12. local2. their4. away6. to8. who 10. it 12. then 14. wealth 16. characterno.h- 102 -Appendix III. TranslationGeorge was on the run since the moment he came aboard. He was always cheerful and devoted himself heart and soul to his work. Because of his excellent performance he was promoted to CEO. From then on he tried hard to blend in with the workers and never threw his weight around. He also laid down/ introduced a reward system to encourage the workers to work hard. He believed that loyalty and hard work would greatly contribute to the success of the company. By all accounts he was an outstanding chief executive officer.Part III TextBComprehension Checkl.c 3. a 5. d2. b 4. d 6. cTranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. replace3. selected5. conducted7. additional9. confronted 11. crisis 13. resolve 15. appeals to 17. In the opinion of 19. factors2.take . on4.involved6.range8.tremendous10.call. in12.naturally14.related16.former18.of their jectAppendix 1-103-Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paper Informal invitation1324 ShuiDian Road Shanghai 200434 21/11/01 Dear Tom,Im having a party to celebrate my birthday in a couple of weeks time on Saturday 2nd December, starting at seven. It would be lovely if you could make it, please let me know whether you can or not.Best wishes,BobInformal acceptanceDear Bob,Id love to come to your party then.andhelpcelebrateyourbirthday.Look forward toseeing youBye for now,Tom- 104 -Appendix IInformal regretsDear Bob,Id love to come to your party but unfortunately Ivealreadyagreed to make a visit to myrelatives in Suzhou that weekend and wont be able to getaway.3ut I hopeyou havea lovelybirthday and that we can get together some time soon. All the best,TomUnit 3Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:Have you ever heard about the famous American folk musician Bob Dylan? Listen, hes about to sing you a song called The Times They Are A-changin:The Times They Are A-ChanginBob DylanCome gather round peopleWherever you roamAnd admit that the watersAround you nave grownAnd accept it that soonYoull be drenched to the bone.If your time to youAppendix I- 105Is worth savinThen you better start swimminOr youll sink like a stoneFor the times they are a-changin .Come writers and criticsWho prophesize with your penAnd keep your eyes wideThe chance wont come againAnd don t speak too soonFor the wheels still in spinAnd theres no tellin whoThat it s namin .For the loser nowWill be later to winFor the times they are a-changin .Come senators, congressmenPlease heed the callDont stand in the doorwayDont block up the hallFor he that gets hurtWill be he who has stalledTheres a battle outsideAnd it is ragin .Itll soon shake your windowsAnd rattle your wallsFor the times they are a-changin .Come mothers and fathersThroughout the landAnd don t criticizeWhat you cant understandYour sons and your daughtersAre beyond your commandI- 106 -Appendix IYour old road isRapidly agin.Please get out of the new oneIf you cant lend your handFor the times they are a-ckangin .The line it is drawnThe curse it is castThe slow one nowWill later he fastAs the present nowWill later he pastThe order isRapidly fadin.And the first one nowWill later he lastFor the times they are a-changin .The song you have just heard was also written by Bob Dylan when a young man in his early twenties. Like many a young man throughout the ages he felt misunderstood by his parents generation, a generation he was quite happy to blame for all the ills of the world. He saw a gap between young and old, a gap made wider by different attitudes to change, the young welcoming it, the old resisting it. But change is coming whether we like it or not, coming like a flood that no one can escape. So you had better:. admit that the waters around you have grownAnd accept it that soon youll he drenched to the hone.For those whose job it is to comment on the news and to predict what will happen next, we live in interesting t