湖南省张家界市高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练（12）.doc

湖南省张家界市2016高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练（12）阅读理解。feeling blue about the world ? “cheer up，” says science writer matt ridley.“the world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.” ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational，because hes carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. and this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book the rational optimist. he views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.he backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.heres how he explains his views.1)shopping fuels inventionit is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in london alone.even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .this will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.the more we specialize and exchange，the better off well be.2) brilliant advancesone reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.take one example.in 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work.in the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.in 1950 it was eight seconds.today its half second.3) lets not kill ourselves for climate changemitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.a child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.if climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在理性的乐观主义者一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。1what is the theme of ridleys most recent book?aweakness of human nature.bconcern about climate change.cimportance of practical thinking.doptimism about human progress.答案：d。理解判断题。从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows.”；另外，“this is what hes set out to prove.”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项d的说法是一致的，即：人类的进步总是不可避免的。2how does ridley look at shopping?ait encourages the creation of things.bit results in shortage of goods.cit demands more fossil fuels.dit causes a poverty problem.答案：a。细节判断题。从“shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了ridley的观点：购物能够激发创造发明。选项a与之相吻合。3the candle and lamp example is used to show that _.aoil lamps give off more light than candlesbshortening working time brings about a happier lifecadvanced technology helps to produce better candlesdincreased production rate leads to lower cost of goods答案：d。细节判断题。根据brilliant advances 一段中的“take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项d的说法是一致的。4what does the last sentence of the passage imply?acutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.boverreaction to climate change may be dangerous.cpeoples health is closely related to climate change.dcareless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案：b。推理判断题。根据最后一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排除选项a与c的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putting. around our necks”一句可以表明选项d中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项b是最正确的。【2014天津市六校第一次联考】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文,请根据短文后的要求答题。everyone has dreams and they obey the rules that if you can dream it, you can achieve it! here are four goals for people to reach a perfect life in their future.the first goal common to all of us is health and energy. we all want to be healthy and fit, to have high levels of energy and to live free of pains and illnesses. today, with the incredible advances in medical science, the quality of our health and fitness, and our lifespan, is largely determined by design, not by chance. people with excellent health habits are far healthier, have more energy, and live longer and better than people who have poor health habits. remember that health is not everything, but without health everything is nothing!the second goal that we all have in common is to enjoy excellent relationships- intimate, personal or social- with the people we like and respect, and who like and respect us in turn. fully 85% of your happiness will be determined by the quality of your relationships at each stage, and in each area, of your life. how well you get along with people, and how much they like, love and respect you, have more impact on the quality of your life than perhaps any other factor.the third common goal is to do work that we enjoy, to do it well, and to be well paid for it. you want to be able to get and keep the job you want, to get paid more and elevated faster. you want to earn the very most that is possible for you at each stage of your career, whatever you do.the fourth goal we all have in common is to achieve financial independence. you want to reach the point in life where you have enough money so that you never have to worry about money again. you want to completely be free of financial worries. you want to be able to order dinner in a restaurant without referring to the price listings to determine what you want to eat.51. what does this passage chiefly talk about? (no more than 15 words)_52. why does the author put health ahead of other goals? (no more than 20 words)_53. judging from the passage, what directly influences most of your happiness? (no more than 20 words)_54. the underlined word “elevated” in paragraph 4 refers to “_”. (no more than 5 words)_55. how can you gain financial independence? please give your idea in brief. (no more than 15 words)_【参考答案】阅读表达71. four goals that will produce a perfect life in the future. /four goals for (in) your perfect life.72. because without health everything is nothing. / because healthy people have more energy, and live longer and better than people who are not healthy.73. the quality of our relationships at each stage, and in each area, of our life. / that how well we get along with people, and how much they like, love and respect us.74. promoted75. by doing work we enjoy, doing it well, and being well paid for it. / by getting and keeping the job we want, getting paid more and elevated faster. / by putting in a lot of hard work at each stage of our career. / by sticking to our ideal of making it to the top and striving without reservation.【科普知识型-阅读理解】housed in milan, one of europes dirtiest cities, leonardo da vincis masterpiece the last supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.in 2009, italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from milans polluted air. to see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by constantinos sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the university of southern california, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “its a spectacular reduction，” sioutas said in a statement. “it is, frankly, very impressive.”although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da vincis painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. however, fatty lipids from visitors skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher nancy daher of the university of southern california.even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, daher said. tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.the researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.1what does the underlined word “particulates” in paragraph 2 probably mean?athe smallest parts of a chemical substance.bthings dirtier than usual.ccertain types of gas.dextremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.2according to the text, the following factors pollute the painting except _afatty lipids from the skin btiny particles of the waxcbreath of the visitors ddust in the air3according to the researchers, which of the following is not true of their airsample analysis?a. the airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.bthe airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.cthe airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.dthe airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da vincis painting were decreased successfully.4what can be the best title of the text?ahow to decrease levels of particulates effectivelybthe famous painting da vincis the last supperckeeping air pollution from damaging da vincis the last supperdhow to protect artwork in households【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达芬奇名画最后的晚餐受到空气污染的影响。虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。1d词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。2c细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画最后的晚餐带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。3b细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。4c主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达芬奇的名画最后的晚餐免受污染物的影响，故c项为标题最佳。【浙江省金丽衢十二校2014高考英语第二次联考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a,b,c和d)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。 ok, i said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice. whats going on with you and your friend i? j. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her campa position lucy herself occupied the previous summer. now shes the one on the outs, and every day at snack time, she tells me all about it, while i offer up the unhelpful advice all summer long.shes fond of giving orders , lucy complained. shes fat, lucy mumbled（含糊地说） ineo he bowl we are going upstairs, i said, my voice cold, we are going to discuss this. and up we went. id spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day, the day wed have to havethe conversation about this horrible word. i knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receivingend of the teasing（嘲笑），but in all of my imaginings, it never once occurred to me that mydaughter would be the one who used the f word一fat. my daughter sat on her bed, and i sat beside her.“how would you feel if someone made funof you for something that wasnt your fault?”i began.“she could stop eating so much,”lucymumbled, mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and well-meaning friends and relativeshave given overweight women for years its not always that easy,”i said.“everyones different in terns of how they treat food”lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on. i opened my mouth，then closed it. should i tell herthat, in teasing a womans weight, shes joined the long, proud tradition of critics who go after anywoman with whom they disagree by starting with youre ugly and ending with“no man wouldwant you and there must be something wrong with any man who does？should i tell her i didntcry when someone posted my picture and commented,“im sorry, but arent authors who writebooks marketed to young women supposed to be pretty?” does she need to know, now, that life isnt fair? i feel her eyes on me，waiting for an answeri dont have. words are my toolsstories are my jobits possible shell remember what i sayforever, and i have no idea what to say. so i tell her the only thing i can come up with that is absolutely truei say to my daughter,“i love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you，but im disappointed in you right now. there are plenty of reasons for not liking someonewhat she looks like isnt one of them.” lucy nods，tears on her cheeks“i wont say that again,”she tells me，and i pull her close,pressing my nose against her hair. we are both quiet, and i dont know if i have said the rightthing. so as we sit there together, shoulder to shoulder, i pray for her to be smarti pray for her tobe strong. i pray for her to find friends，work she loves, a partner who loves her, and for the worldnot to deprive（剥夺）her of the things that make her who she is，for her life to be easy, and forher to have the strength to handle it when its not. and still, always，i pray that she will neverstruggle as ive struggled, that weight will never be her cross to bear. she may not be able to usethe word in our home, but i can use it in my headi pray that she will never get fat55，the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 indicates that lucy， a. often makes fun of her friend j. bhas turned against her friend j c gets along well with her friend j. d. has begun to compete with her friend j，56.why does the author want to discuss with lucy? a. because she wants to offer some other helpful advice. b because she has prepared the conversation for nine years. c because she is really shocked at lucys rudeness d. because she decides to tell lucy a similar story of her own57. what does the author want to tell her daughter? a. it is not easy to take the doctors advice to eat less bpeople shouldnt complain because life is unfair. c she herself was once一laughed at for her appearance. d. people shouldnt be blamed for their appearance.58it can be inferred from the passage that a. the author earns a living by writing stories b the author is a fat but good-looking woman c the author will stop loving her daughter for what she said d. the authors daughter agreed with her from.the very beginning59 we can learn from the last paragraph that a. lucydeeply moved by her mothers prayer b a mothers prayer will shape her daughters attitude towards life c. the author allows her daughter to use the f word in her head d the author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble60 the authors attitude towards her daughter can be best described as a. loving but strict b. indifferent but patient c. satisfied and friendly d. unsatisfied and angry【参考答案】55、b 5660、cdada 阅读理解。diana jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart. “i have two kids in college, and i want to say come home, but at the same time i want to provide them with a good education,” says jacobs.the jacobs family did work out a solution: they asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. they will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. with unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the jacobs. more students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. college administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. at the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. a report from the national center for public policy and higher education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade, “if we go on this way for another 25years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education,” says patrick m. callan, president of the center. “the middle class families have been financing it through debt. they will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. the good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.1. according to paragraph 1, why did the plan of jacobs family fail?a. the twins wasted too much money. b. the father was out of work.c. their saving ran out. d. the f