高考英语专题—书面表达(一).doc

2011年高考英语专题书面表达(一)-情景作文、开放作文高分技巧学案第一部分 情景作文一、0309年北京高考情景作文回顾请在你认为合适的选项下划勾。年/文体记叙文说明文议论文应用文03年04年05年06年07年08年09年2010年？二、情景作文写作个人能力预测记叙文写作：请根据下列图片，讲述上周班主任（form teacher）生病期间你班同学的表现，并简单谈谈你的感想。_三、记叙文概括记叙文中的叙事作文是对某一事件或一系列事件的发生、发展、结束情况所做的文字表达。基本上这类题材的书面表达是看图作文。对于看图作文须仔细观察几幅图画，弄清故事的开头和结尾，理清事件的发展过程（关联词、时间状语的恰当使用），确定好表达要点，适当增加细节。高分记叙文应包含以下要点：Organization（条理性）在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面有条理，各段之间层次分明。 Accuracy（准确性）能写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，表达准确、地道。Fluency（流畅性）根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。Variety（多样性）能随情景内容的变化写出多样的词汇句式。（见文章划线部分）Readers-friendliness（思想性）在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加了一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。Neat handwriting（美观性）卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。叙事作文写作步骤：1审中文信息，定人称和时态2看图，定要点和细节看四（六）幅图的要点和细节分别是什么图1图2图3图4图5图6要点细节3文章润色一润句式：从句，非谓语，特殊句式等二润词汇：使用准确，较高级的单词和词组，丰富表达三润过渡关联：恰当的连接词和过渡句4文章写作中应避免出现的问题: （1）Irrelevant details（无关细节）（2）Direct quotes（使用直接引语）（3）Redundant information（冗赘信息）（4）Clich ending（陈词滥调的结尾）四、叙事类话题作文常用词汇、句式（1）校园生活 to get on well with sb. /sth. 与某人相处的好、某事进展顺利to take several courses 上几门课to work hard at 在方面努力 to concentrate on 专注于to be into / to be keen on 热衷于，非常喜爱to be good at / to do well in 擅长 to be poor at / be weak in 在方面差to make progress in 在方面取得进步to fail /pass the examination （没有）通过考试to succeed / to be successful in 取得成功 to hear from sb. 收到某人来信to apologize to sb. for因为向某人道歉to explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释 to be active in在方面积极to take an active part in 积极参与to learn by heart 记住，背下来to bear . in mind牢记在心 to work out a problem 解出一道题to lay a good foundation in在方面打下基础to win the first prize / get the first place in the competition 在比赛中得一等奖to use reference books使用参考书 to consult/refer to the dictionary查字典to have a good command of English英文很好to have a wide range of knowledge有广泛的知识to have a talent for有才能 to be skilled in在方面熟练to be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 to praise sb for sth 因为表扬某人to blame sb for sth. / to blame sth. on sb. 因为责备某人to give advice on 就提出建议 to devote ones time to 在上花时间to turn a deaf ear to对 充耳不闻 to serve the purpose of 起到作用to have difficulty / trouble doing 做有困难 to be prepared for / to do 准备好 to set about doing / set out to do 开始着手做（2）业余生活go for an outing / a picnic 去郊游/野餐 go sightseeing 观光to appreciate the scenery of nature欣赏大自然的风景to keep healthy / fit保持健康 to relax oneself放松身心to strengthen/build up the body锻炼身体 to lack recreations缺乏休闲活动to cut a corner走捷径 to meet the demand / need符合需要to break the ice打破沉默 to take measures/action采取措施（行动）to develop / get into the habit of 养成习惯to raise the standard of living提升生活水平to have a deep understanding of有很深的了解to follow the fashion/trend跟随潮流 to have a chat with聊天to have a great influence on有很大的影响 to make a deep impression on予人很深的印象to make a fool of sb. 愚弄 to make an excuse找借口to get into trouble 陷入困境 to help sb out 帮某人摆脱困境to do some good deeds 做好事 to offer help 提供帮助to insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 to regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 to keep / prevent / stop sb from doing to give one a lift给人搭便车to kill time消磨时间 to lose track of time 忘了时间to keep in / to lose touch with保持/失去联络to be caught / to get stuck in a traffic jam遇到交通阻塞to take the place of取代 to spare no effort to do不遗余力to take the pains to do不辞辛劳 to live in harmony生活和谐to take regular exercise有规律的运动 to have proper diet合理的饮食to have a sleepless night彻夜未眠（3）环境to protect the environment保护环境 to be environmentally friendly环保的to litter / to scatter garbage乱丢垃圾 to beautify the environment美化环境to improve the qualities of life提升生活质量to do damage to造成损害 to benefit / to be beneficial to 对有益to be harmful to / to do harm to对有害 to park the car at random任意停车 to occupy the sidewalk占用人行道 to cause inconvenience造成不便 to bring about the disorder造成混乱 to have sustainable development可持续发展to raise peoples environmental awareness提高人们的环保意识（4）感观与思维活动 to catch sight of 看见to see / hear sb do (doing) 看到 / 听到某人（正在）做to take notice of 注意到 to takeinto consideration / account考虑到to have a good understanding of 对很了解to consider / regard to be 认为 to come to know开始了解到to realize that 意识到 to be filled with joy充满喜悦 be tired of 厌烦to be delighted / to take delight / to take a pleasure in doing 以为乐 to be worried / upset / concerned about对担忧to feel excited about对感到兴奋to feel surprised /shocked / astonished at 对感到吃惊/震惊 to be sorry / regretful for 对感到遗憾be pleased / satisfied / content with 对感到满意to look forward to doing / to long for 期待to be eager to do / to have a strong desire to do 渴望做to make up ones mind / to be determined to do 决定做to shed tears流泪 to ease the sorrow缓和悲伤to feel refreshed精神抖擞to relieve the tension and anxiety解除紧张和焦虑to be energetic精力充沛的 to be bored感到无聊to be encouraged / inspired感到振奋、受到鼓舞to be discouraged / frustrated感到气馁 to be exhausted感到十分疲倦to be disturbed / bothered感到烦恼 to lose patience失去耐心 to lose heart失去信心 （5）态度与感受to speak / think highly of 对评价高 to broaden the horizon开拓视野 to broaden the mind开拓心胸 to enlighten the mind启迪心灵to realize ones ambition实现抱负 to keep ones promise守信用to keep up with the times跟上时代 to be concerned about the society关心社会 to fulfill ones duty尽到责任to be faced/confronted with the difficulty面临困难to get through the difficulties / to weather the storm渡过困境to stick to the principle坚守原则 to escape the reality逃避现实to pull oneself together / to take heart振作to take / shoulder the responsibility承担责任to take / seize the opportunity把握机会to set a good example / to be a role model树立楷模to be independent / to stand on ones own自立to achieve the aim/goal达到目标 to realize ones dream 实现梦想五、书面表达中的高级结构一）高级词汇请用你所知道的高级词汇替代下列词或词组。1 think of _ 2 spend _ 3 want/look for _4 very _5 sit _ 6 should _7. appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help. We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.8. the case替换 true I dont think it is the case ( true ).9. on, the moment(instant, second)替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. On his arrival, he began his research.10. due to替换because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 11. cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.12. contribute to替换 be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.13. round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 14. come to light替换discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.15. have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneselfAfter visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).16. set aside替换saveSome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)17. be of + n. 替换adj.The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.18. refer to 替换talk about/of, mentionThe professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.19. can not but / can not help but替换have to do : I could not but (had to) go home.20. more often than not替换usuallyMore often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.21. long for sth. / long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very much. I long to see you.22. be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.23. more than替换very Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September. Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)24. do sb a favor/ give sb. a hand 替换helpWould you please do me the/a favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?25. the other day替换a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )26. in the course of替换during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.27. the majority of替换mostThe majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.28. consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.29. be worn out替换 be tired / broken After five hours non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.30. become of替换 happenWhat do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?31. attend to替换look after 32. on condition that替换as long as33. nevertheless替换however34. express ones satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 35. spare no effort to do替换try ones best to do36. many a 替换many 37. be rushed off ones feet 替换be busy in doing38. a handful of替换a little / some 39. meanwhile替换at the same time40. get to ones feet替换stand up 41. beneath替换under42. occasionally替换sometimes /once in while43. for instance替换for example 44. seldom替换not often45. wealthy替换 rich二) 高级句型结构请写出你所知道的高级句型结构：1 _2 _3 _ more than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. 分词结构 I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷) Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷） Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（2008年湖南卷） 倒装句 The library is to the east of the teaching building. East of the teaching building is the library. Although we are tired, we are happy. Tired as we are, we are happy. Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007年湖南卷） 被动语态 Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002) All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 ) New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) 巧妙的改写（1）Only 改成no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam.(2) as soon as 改成No soonerthan/Hardlywhen/Immediately/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.(3) have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).(4) 变换插入语的位置 However, they suggest fees should be charged low. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002) I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷)(5) 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002上海卷)Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008年湖南卷） 其它（1）注重句子的开头 用with复合结构开头With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.With his help, weve learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2009年江苏卷） 用非谓语动词形式开头）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）三）过渡关联1.