英语演讲与口才.ppt

One ArtofPublicSpeaking Learningobjectivesofthecourse TostudytheprocessofpreparingaspeechTostudytheelementsofspeechpresentationTobeawareofcertainpresentationerrorsthatcannegativelyaffectaspeechevaluationTolearnthebasicstepsinmakingagoodimpression Introduction LearningobjectivesofChapter1 1 Explainthevalueofacourseinpublicspeaking2 Discussthelongtraditionofstudyingpublicspeaking 3 Identifythemajorsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenpublicspeakingandeverydayconversation 4 Speechcommunicationprocess Key terms orator r t r addresserchannelrhetoricInterculturalcommunicativecompetenceframeofreferenceinterferencemassagesituation Thetraditionofpublicspeaking 一人之辩 重于九鼎之宝 三寸之舌 强于百万之师 Thepowerofpublicspeaking publicspeaking jobhunting variouscompetitions personallife Forceandempowerment Genreofpublicspeaking artisticexpression song poetry play persuasionadvisinginspiringargumentation PS interculturalcommunicativecompetence EnglishLanguage Chineseheritage Torespectdiversityofculture Avoidethnocentrism 民族优越感 CulturalDiversityandPublicSpeaking Speechmakingbecomesmorecomplexasculturaldiversityincreases Notonlydowordschangefromlanguagetolanguage butsodowaysofthinkingandofseeingtheworld Evenmeaningsattachedtogesturesforsuchbasicmessagesas yes and no areculturallybased CulturalDiversityandPublicSpeaking Diversityandmulticulturalismaresuchbasicfactsoflifethatcanplayaroleinalmostanyspeechyougive Abusinessmanagerbriefingemployeesofamultinationalcompany Alawyerpresentingherclosingargumenttoanethnicallymixedjury AninternationalstudentexplainingthecustomsofhislandtostudentsataU S university CulturalDiversityandPublicSpeaking 1 Avoidethnocentrism thebeliefthatone sowngrouporcultureissuperiortoallothergroupsorcultures 2 Ifthereisalanguagedifferencebetweenyouandyouraudience avoidanywordsorphrasesthatmightcausemisunderstanding 3 Whendeliveringyourspeech bealerttofeedbackthatmightindicatetheaudienceishavingtroublegraspingyourideas CriticalThinkingSkills SimilaritiesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversation OrganizingthoughtslogicallyTailoringthemessagetotheaudienceTellingastoryformaximumimpactAdaptingtolistenerfeedback DifferencesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversation PublicspeakingismorehighlystructuredPublicspeakingrequiresmoreformallanguagePublicspeakingrequiresadifferentmethodofdelivery TheSpeechCommunicationProcess SpeakerMessageChannelListenerFeedbackInterferenceSituation TheSpeechCommunicationProcess InsertFigure1 1 Speaker Thepersonwhoispresentinganoralmessagetoalistener Message Whateveraspeakercommunicatestosomeoneelse Channel Themeansbywhichamessageiscommunicated Listener Thepersonwhoreceivesthespeaker smessage FrameofReference Thesumofaperson sknowledge experience goals values andattitudes Everythingaspeakersaysisfilteredthroughalistener sframeofreference Notwopeoplecanhaveexactlythesameframeofreference Feedback Themessages usuallynonverbal sentfromalistenertoaspeaker Interference Anythingthatimpedesthecommunicationofamessage Situation Thetimeandplaceinwhichspeechcommunicationoccurs Summary 1 Explainthevalueofacourseinpublicspeaking2 Discussthelongtraditionofstudyingpublicspeaking 3 Identifythemajorsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenpublicspeakingandeverydayconversation 4 Speechcommunicationprocess TheSecrettoSuccess ThescriptExercise oratorrhetoricInterculturalcommunicativecompetenceframeofreferencecommunicationprocessWhatisagoodpublicspeech ReviewChapter1 Thinkaboutthefollowing ChapterTwoSpeakingConfidentlyandEthically LearningObjectives SkillsandinformationtospeakconfidentlySkillsandinformationtospeakethically KeyTerms Stagefrightpositivenervousnessvisualizationethicsplagiarism ple d r z m 剽窃 3types global patchwork incrementalplagiarism paraphrase StageFright AnxietyovertheprospectofgivingaspeechinfrontofanaudienceFearofpublicspeakingandfearofdeathusuallyranktopinmostsurveysaskingpeopleoftheirfear 31 WhatCausesStageFright inadequatepreparationfearofbeingjudgedunfamiliaritywiththeaudienceortheenvironmentlackofknowledgeaboutpublicspeakingfeelingsofinadequacyfearoftheunknownnegativepastexperiences 32 ImportantUnderstandingsAboutStageFright Itisnormal Almosteveryoneexperiencessomenervousnessaboutspeakinginsomesituations Itismostlyinternal Youwillusuallyfeelmorenervousthanyoulook Ormentalstress 33 DealingwithNervousness AcquirespeakingexperiencePreparationThinkpositivelyUsethepowerofvisualizationDon texpectperfection ReducingSpeechAnxiety KnowyouraudienceSelectanappropriatetopicRe createthespeechenvironmentwhenyourehearseKnowyourintroductionandconclusionBeorganizedUsevisualaids 35 Beingsmiling Ethics Thebranchofphilosophythatdealswithissuesofrightandwronginhumanaffairs EthicalDecisions Weighingapotentialcourseofactionagainstasetofethicalstandardsorguidelines GuidelinesforEthicalSpeaking MakesureyourgoalsareethicallysoundBefullypreparedforeachspeechBehonestinwhatyousayPutethicalprinciplesintopracticeAvoidname callingandotherformsofabusivelanguage Name Calling Theuseoflanguagetodefame demean ordegradeindividualsorgroups Plagiarism Presentinganotherperson slanguageorideasasone sown TypesofPlagiarism GlobalplagiarismPatchworkplagiarismIncrementalplagiarism GlobalPlagiarism Stealingaspeechentirelyfromasinglesourceandpassingitoffasone sown PatchworkPlagiarism Stealingideasorlanguagefromtwoorthreesourcesandpassingthemoffasone sown IncrementalPlagiarism Failingtogivecreditforparticularpartsofaspeechthatareborrowedfromotherpeople PlagiarismandtheInternet Wikipedia CitesourceswhenusingInternetmaterialsTakecarefulresearchnotes GuidelinesforEthicalListening BecourteousandattentiveAvoidprejudgingthespeakerMaintainthefreeandopentransactionofideas Chapter3GivingYourFirstSpeech LearningObjectives thebasicintroductionabout Howtodevelo