英语语法归纳总结.doc

一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时 （一）英语时态有16种 时（time）式（form）（二）英语语态有2种 主动语态 被动语态 be+及物动词的过去分词肯定式否定式一般疑问式及回答I amI am notAm I.? Yes, you are.No ,you arent.He isHe is notIs he? Yes ,he is.No ,he isntShe isShe is notIs she?Yes, she is. No, she isntIt isIt is notIs it? Yes ,it is. No, it isntWe areWe are notAre we?Yes, we are.No ,we arent.You areYou are notAre you?Yes ,I am. Yes, we are.No, I am not. No, we arentThey areThey are notAre they?Yes, they are. No, they arent.肯定式否定式一般疑问式及回答I playI dont playDo I play.?Yes , you do.No, you dont.He plays He doesnt playDoes he play?Yes, he does.No, he doesnt.She plays She doesnt playDoes She play?Yes, She does.No, She doesnt.It plays It doesnt playDoes it play?Yes, it does.No, it doesnt.We play We dont playDo we play?Yes, we do.No, we dont.You play You dont playDo you play?Yes, I/we do.No, I/ we dont.They play They dont playDo they play?Yes, they do.No, they dont.： I dont have any sister.=I havent any sister. Do you have a calculator(计算器)?=Have you a calculator?： I didnt have bread this morning. （1）表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或永久性的动作。（2）表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。（3）在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中以及even if 和 even though 的让步。状语从句中，句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来的动作 。 （4）表示已经预先计划安排的肯定要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。（5）图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景。（6）有几个由here、there开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作。（1）表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或永久性的动作。：l Every culture has its own way to show friendship.(没有一种文化都有其表示友谊的方式。)l The 21st century is the century of information technology.(21世纪是信息技术的世纪)l The house belongs to my aunt but she doesnt live here any more .(这是我婶婶的房子，但她不再住在这里了)（2）表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。:l Knowledge begins with practice.(认识从实践开始)l The earth moves round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)l China is in Asia.(中国在亚洲)l Time and tide wait for no man (岁月不等人)（3）在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中以及even if 和 even though 的让步。状语从句中，句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来的动作 。 :l I will stay at home if it rains.(如果下雨，我会呆在家里)l When they come ,they will tell you something important(他们来后将告诉你一些事情)l In case he comes tomorrow ,please let me know.(如果他明天来了，请通知我)（4）表示已经预先计划安排的肯定要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。Arrive 到达 be 是 begin 开始 come 来到 go 去 Leave 离开 reach 到达 start 出发：The meeting is at 2:00pm. My birthday falls on May 2.We start for Beijing tomorrow.（5）图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景。:l Scenc I(Mary and Miss Green are in the professors rooma large, pleasant room with many books. There is a big desk near the window. )(第一幕（玛丽和格林小姐在教授的房间-这是个有许多书，令人感到舒适的大房子，床边有张大书桌）)（6）有几个由here、there开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生动作。：l Here she comes. (她来了)l Here comes the bus!(汽车过来了)l There goes the bell. Lets hurry!(铃响了，快点) 肯定式否定式一般疑问式及回答I wasI was notWas I.? Yes, you were.No ,you werent.He wasHe was notWas he? Yes ,he was.No ,he wasntShe wasShe was notWas she?Yes, she was. No, she wasntIt wasIt was notWas it? Yes ,it was. No, it wasntWe wereWe were notWere we?Yes, we were.No ,we werent.You wereYou were notWere you?Yes ,I was. Yes, we were.No, I wasnt. No, we werent.They wereThey were notWere they?Yes, they were. No, they werent.肯定式否定式一般疑问式及回答I playedI didnt playDid I play.?Yes , you did.No, you didnt.He played He didnt playDid he play?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.She played She didnt playDid She play?Yes, She did.No, She didnt.It played It didnt playDid it play?Yes, it did.No, it didnt.We played We didnt playDid we play?Yes, we did.No, we didnt.You play You dont playDo you play?Yes, I/we do.No, I/ we dont.They play They dont playDo they play?Yes, they do.No, they dont.A表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。a few minutes ago one month agolast Sundyl He was here just now.(他刚才还在这儿)l They didnt attend the meeting yesterday.(他们昨天没来开会)l Dinosaurs died out about 65million years ago.(恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了)B表示过去经常或反复发生的动作l When I was a child ,I often went to play in that park.l He used to smoke.(used to 以为“过去常常如此而现在已不再这样”，只用于过去l When lily was young ,he would work on the farm.(她年轻时，常在农场干活) （would加动词原形可以表示过去经常、反复发生的动作）C表示对现在或将来的假设、愿望等，是虚拟语气的用法l If I had a second chance ,I would try it again.(如果再有一次机会，我会再试一次)l If he came here tomorrow ,I would tell him the news. (如果他明天来此地，我就把l Its time that you got up now(你现在该起床了)l I wish that I were as young as you .(我希望我和你们一样年轻)l If only I saw my mother now!(我多么希望我现在能看到我母亲)l He played football regularly for many years（做状语） l when he was young. (表示过去一段时间里的经常进行的活动)肯定式否定式一般疑问式及回答I shall /will playI wont playShall I play.?Yes , I will/shall.No, I wont/shant.We shall/will play We shant/ wont playShall we play.?Yes , we will/shall.No, we wont/shant.He will playHe wont playWill he play?Yes, he will.No, he wont.She will play She will playWill she play?Yes, she will.No, She wont.It will play It wont playWill it play?Yes, it will.No, it wont.You will play You dont playwill you play?Yes, I/we will.No, I/ we wont.They will play They wont playwill they play?Yes, they will.No, they wont.A、表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态This week next week tomorrow morning in ten years form now onl I will go to see him On Sunday.l He will be back in a few days.l They will leave for shanghai the day after tomorrow(后天). B、shall 和 will 的其他用法u 在第一人称后，will常表示“决心”“意愿”或“打算”，在否定句中用于所有人称，有“不愿”的意思。l I will study hard to keep up with my classmates.l He wont do it .u Shall 用于第二人称时，可表示说话者的将来意愿或允诺。l You shall have the book.(我答应，你会得到这本书)。l You shall have it back next week(我答应下星期一定还你)u If 引导的从句中Will表示意愿，主句是一般将来时。l If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.(如果你要看这本书，我将把它借你)l If you will buy a new car ,Amanda will give you some good advice.u Shall I ?这类疑问句通常用来征求对方的意见；l Shall I go with you ?u Will you ?这类疑问句常用来表示说话者请求对方许可；l Will you open the door ?C、一般将来时的其他几种形式及用法（1）be going to +动词原型 结构多用于口语中所有人称，含有“打算”“计划”“准备”“即将”做某事等意思，或表示很可爱要发生某事。l There is going to be a wonderful film in our school tonight.(今晚我校要放映.)l Dark clouds are gathering .Its going to rain.(乌云密布，要下雨了)l She is going to be a doctor when she grows up.(她长大后要当一名医生) l Im going to meet my uncle at the station.(我打算去火车站接我叔叔)l The phone is ringing. I ll go and answer it.(电话再向，我去接一下电话)主要用于下列表示“移动”的动词Arrive come fly go leave Move sail atart（2）用一般现在时表示已经安排或计划好的将来动作或存在状态。Arrive 到达 be 是 Become 成为 come 来到Die 死亡 go 去Leave 离开 play 玩耍Start 开始 win 获胜l It is Saturday tomorrow .(明天是星期六)l When dose the train leave for Beijing ?(那列火车何时开往北京)l The train leaves at nine in the morning.(火车上午九点离开) （3）用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。l He is leaving for London.(他就要启程去伦敦)l Christmas is drawing near.(圣诞节快到了)（4）be to +动词原形 安排好的事情 be about to（不能和时间状语连用） +动词原形 即将发生的事l The children are to learn English next week.(孩子们下周要学习英语)l Are you to meet at the entrance to the park?(你们要在公园入口碰头吗)l I was about to leave when the telephone rang.(我正要离开，电话铃响了) Be going to 表示人们的意志控制不了了 Its going to rain(天要下雨了)You job will be kept open for you return.(你的工作将会留到你回来)过去将来时由“should /would +动词原形”肯定式否定式I should /would playI shouldnt/wouldnt playWe should /would play We shouldnt/wouldnt playHe would playHe wont playShe would play She wouldnt playIt would play It wouldnt playYou would play You wouldnt playThey would play They wouldnt playA、过去将来时表示从过去，某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。l Lily said there would be a concert that evening.(莉莉说晚上将有一场音乐会) l The teacher wondered when we should/would finish our compositions.(老师想知道我们什么时候写完论文)B、过去将来时也可以用多种句式表达l Was/were going to +动词原形 No one knew when he was going to come.l Was/were to +动词原形 He said that they were to leave at six.l Was/were about to +动词原形 The teacher told the students that the English singing competition was about to begin. (老师告诉学生英文歌唱比赛即将开始) l Was/were +动词的现在分词 I didnt know when they were leaving for Beijing.C、过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。l Whenever（时间状语） he had time, he would（不管什么称都用） help his parents with housework.(他一有时间就帮助父母做家务)l Every evening they would go and talk with the workers.(每天晚上他们都去和工人们谈天)D、过去将来时可用于虚拟语气句中，表示意愿、愿望、可能性等。l I wish that he would come tomorrow.l If it didnt rain, I would go to Wuhan tomorrow.E、过去将来时还可以用来表示过去的愿望、意愿或倾向，多用于否定句中，译为“不肯、不会、不可能”l We know that he would never permit such a thing.(我们知道他绝不会允许发生这样的事)A、现在进行时的构成及句式 现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。肯定式否定式一般疑问式及回答I am pl