被动语态语法及练习.doc

被动语态 （强化辅导）2010.10一、英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。 Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。被动语态的构成由“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词They speak English. English is spoken (by people) 2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were/+过去分词He watered the flowers just now. The flowers were watered (him )just now . 3.一般将来时的被动语态： shall/will +过去分词We will clean the classroom. The classroom will be cleaned (by us ) . 4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词Tom is picking apple. Apples are being picking by Tom5.现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+过去分词The workers have built a house. A house has been built by the workers. 6.情态动词的被动语态：can/should/may/must +be +过去分词You should look after him well. He should be looked after well. 二含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。（变间接宾语，留直接宾语）Tom gave me a bike last year. I was given a bike by Tom last year.My father bought me a shirt yesterday. I was bought a shirt by my father yesterday.2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to (make 制造，buy 变为被动时常用for )。Tom gave me a bike last year. A bike was given to me by Tom last year.My father bought me a shirt yesterday. A shirt was bought for me yesterday.三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。You must listen to the teacher carefully in class .The teacher must be listened to carefully in class.四、主动语态中有些动词，如：make ，have，let，see，watch，hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to 。We often hear the boy sing in the next room . The boy is often heard to sing in the next room.四注意事项：1.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)2.系动词是没有被动语态： Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .如：The dish tastes good .3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well.4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need to be repaired被动语态练习练习一：指出下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态1、 Novels entrance many readers.2、 When will you paint your house? 3、 The check will be delivered when they are ready.4、 Many countries are experiencing drought.5、 Many countries have experienced drought.6、 The mountain has been climb before.练习二：将下列句子变为被动语态1、 Didnt they tell you to be here by six oclock?2、 The wind blew his hat down the street 3、 We have asked some friends of hers to join us.4、 He found the door close.5、 They will send Cyril to prison.6、 Somebody has split tea all over the tablecloth(台布/桌布)练习三：将下列句子变成被动语态。（省去原句主语）1、 The secretary will mail these letters tomorrow.2、 Someone ought to wash those dishes right way.3、 The factory produced 5 000cars every day.4、 People drink a great deal of tea in England.5、 They used to sell medicine here.6、 You must return this book within two weeks.7、 You should plant these flowers in a sunny place.8、 Someone had locked the door.练习四：将下列句子变为被动语态（用划线部分作主语）1、 No one has climbed this mountain before 2、 People have expressed hopes that the government will act.3、 Did you grow these vegetables in your own garden?4、 I cannot help it if he doesnt come.5、 People all over the world heard the Queens Christmas Message.答案：练习一：1、主动语态 2、主动语态 3、被动语态 4、主动语态 5、主动语态 6、被动语态练习二：1、Werent you told to be here by six oclock.2、His hat was blown down the street.3、Some friends of hers have been asked to join us4、The door was found closed.5、Cyril will be sent to prison.6、Tea has been spilt all over the tablecloth.练习三：1、These letters will be mailed tomorrow2、Those dishes ought to be washed right away.3、5000 cars were produced every day.4、A great deal of tea is drunk in England.5、Medicine used to be sold here.6、These books must be returned within two weeks.7、These flowers should be plant in a sunny place.8、The door had been locked.练习四：1、This mountain has never been climbed before.2、Hopes have been expressed that the government will act.3、Were these vegetables grown in your own garden?4、It cannot be helped if he doesnt come5、The Queens Christmas Message was heard all over the world.词汇或短语辨析：1、 be able to，can 能够be able to有多种时态变化。can 只有一一般现在时和一般过去时（即can和could两种形式2、 above，over，on 在的上面above 在泛指上方