英语常用词素表.doc

英语常用词素表一 常见的前缀(1)表示数量的前缀1）semi-(L) hemi (G) 半 semiannually semicolon semi-colonial semi-conductor semimonthlysemiautomatic semi-feudal semifinal semiliterate semiofficial semiweekly hemisphere semitransparent semi-sphere semi-cycle2)uni-(L)一 uniform unilateral unanimous一致的 unique union unison unit unite unity unisex universe university 3)mono-(GK)一 monotonous 单调的 monograph专题论文 monopoly垄断 monologue独白 monorail 单轨 monogamy 一夫一妻制 monosyllable 单音节 monolateral单边 monodrama独角戏monologist独角戏表演者 monolingual单语的 monochrome 单色monocrop单一作物 monocultural 文化单一的 monarch君主monoculture单种栽培 monographer专著作家 monology 独语僻 4)bi-(L)二 bicycle binocular biweekly bimonthly bilateral biplane binary bilingual bipartisan bicentennial bichrome bigamy bicolor bicorn bicultural bicyclist biceps二头肌 biconditional bicommunal 5)di(GK)二 dialogue dioxide diode dilemma diphthong dialinguistics(双语学)6）ambi-(L)二 ambidextrous双手熟练的 ambiguous模棱两可的 ambivalence 矛盾心理 ambiguity歧义 ambilingual双语的 ambisexual两性人 ambisyllable双音节 ambitendency矛盾心理 ambivert中间性格ambiversion中间性格 ambisonics高保真度立体声复制7) amphi (GK) 二 amphibian两栖 amphichromatic双色的 amphibology(语言模棱两可)8）tri (GK,L)三 triangle trigonometry tripod trilogy triode triple tricycle 9)deci-(L) 十分之一 decimeter deciliter decibel decimal decigram 10)deca-(GK),十 decade decameron decagon decimeter 11)centi-(L)百分之一 centigrade cent century centennial centipede 12)kilo-(GK) 千 kilometer kilogram kilowatt kilocycle 13) milli-(L)千 millimeter milligram millennium 14) myria(GK) 万 myriameter myriorama myriad 15)mega(GK)百万 megacycle megaphone megaton16)micro-(GK)百万分之一 micro-organism micro-wave microwave micro-film micro-print micro-climate micro-balance micro-switch micro-surgery micro-book micro-world micro-particle micro-crack micro-file micro-crobe micro-explosion micro-earthquake micro-electronics micro-phone micro-scope micro-chemistry microwave microcode microcomputer17)multi-(L) 多 multiple choice multi-national multitude multiply multi-purpose multiracial multilateral multi-polar multi-molecular multi-channel multiform multi-head multi-centric multi-role multiparty multiple multiple store multiprobe multitasking multiversity18)poly-(GK)多 polytechnical polyclinic polygamy polycentric polymer Polynesia polysemy polysyllable polygon polypoly polyandry polycentrist19)mini-(L)小 minibus minicrystal minicoat miniboom minicomputer miniwatergate minisummit minicam minicab ministate minipark minitrain miniwar minitype minigun minicar miniskirt minicrisis minikin minimal miniature minify minimize minimum minister minipants minor minority minus minute 20) maxi-(L) 大 maxicoat maxiskirt maxiorder maximummaxishorts maximize maximal maximazation(2) 表示否定的前缀 1）a-(变体为an,用在元音之前)（GK）表示缺乏某种性质。 apathetic aseptic athermal asexual atypical anaemia anarchy amorphous avitaminous amoral2)anti- (变体为 ant-,用在元音及辅音h 之前)（ GK）表示反对，反面等意思。 the Anti-Japanese War antibiotics antibody anticancer antipathy Antarctic antiaircraft gun 3)contra (L) 表示“相反，反对”。 contrast contrary contradict contraceptive 4) counter (L) 表示“相反” counterpart counter-revolutionary counteraction counterclaim counterattack counterclockwise countercharge counterculture counterevidence counterexample counterembargo countercase5)de(L) 表示“相反”和“去除”等意思。decolor decomposition demilitarize demagnetize demobilize deform destruction decapitate decentralize deescalate demystify detach depenalize depollute debureaucritize deration defame de-oil decode defuse defrost debug 6)dis-(L)表示“否定或相反”的意思。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disappoint disarm disaster discard discharge discontinuediscomfort discount discourage discover disorderdisease dishonorable dissatisfaction disproof dissuade 7)in-(变体为ig,il,im,ir,)表示否定意义。 inaccessible inaccurate inadequate incapable incompatible incredible indefinite indispensable ineffective inevitable inexpensive infinite innocent innumerable inorganic insignificant instability insufficient invariably invisible ignoble ignorance illegal illogical illiterateimmoral impatient imperfect improper impurityirregular irresponsible irrespective irreversible 8)mal-含有“坏，不当”的意思。 maltreat malnutrition malediction malformation malefactor maladministration malpractice malfunction9)mis-(OE) 表示错误或否定的意思。misdeed misfire misfortune misguided mislead misspell misprint misuse mistrust mistake mispronounce misrepresent misunderstand10)non-(L) 表示否定的意思。nonconformist noninterference nonsense non-smoker nonviolence non-stop flight non-achiever non-addict non-color non-book(非书)11）un(OE) 表示“否定，相反”的意思。 uncertain unconscious undesirable unemployment unfair unfit unfortunately unheard-of unload unlock unbend undo unsuitable unfasten untie undress(3) 表示空间和时间的前缀1） ab-表示“脱离，分离”(away,off,from,apart)abnormal absent abuse absorb abstract 2) ad-,意思是朝向，附近，增减为(to,towards,at ,near,into )。变体为(ac-,af-,al-,an,ap,as,at,)。adapt address adequate adhere adjacent adjective adjoin admire adopt admission adventure advertise advocate accent accelerate access accommodate accompany accomplish accordaccount accumulate accuse accustom acquisition acquaint acquire affect affirm afford aggravate aggressive allege alleviate allot announce annul ally appendix appetite applaud appliance appoint appreciate approach approve approximate arrange array arrest arrow assemble assess assign attain associate assist assume assure attach attract attribute3)amb-(GK)意思是“周围”（around,about）. ambient ambition ambush 4)ante-(L)表示在前面或早于。anteroom antecedent antedate5)by-(OE)表示“副”，“次要的”。 byend bylaw bypass bypath byproduct byroad bywork 6)circum-(L) 表示周围，环绕circuit circulate circumstance circumlocution circus encircle circular circumference circumcircle circle circumnavigation cycle bicycle encyclopedia7)de-(L) 表示向下，离开。 decay decline degradation depend deposit depress depart deviate department deficiency default deflect descend8)dia-(GK)表示“通过”（through, between）。 diagnose diagram dialogue diameter9)dis-(变体为di)(L)表示“分离，离去”。 dismiss displace dispel dissipate dissolve distribute dimension diverse divorce distinguish distillation10)ex-(变体为e,ee,ef,)(GK,L)表示“外面或向外”.exceed exceedingly excellent except exception excess exclaim exhaust exhibit exhibition exit exact emit emigrate exotic exodus expand expenditure explain explicit explode export expose exposition extend extensive exterior external extract有时这个词缀表示前任。ex-president ex-husband ex-serviceman ex-mayor ex-convict 11)extra-(L) 表示“外面和通过 ”。extra extraordinary extravagant 12)fore-(OE) 表示时间或空间上的前面。forearm foreleg forefront foresee forecast foregoing foreground forewarn forehead foretell foreword13)in-(变体为il, im, ir) , 表示“内部，向内”。(in,into,upon)include income incorporate induce ingredient inherent inject inland inlet input insert insight inspire intake invade invest investigate imprisoninvolve inward illuminate immigrate impact implement import impression 14)inter-表示“相互，之间”。 interact interchange intercourse interconnect intermediate international interplanetary interpret interrupt interdepend intervene interview interpersonal interfere interbehaviorism 15)out-(OE),表示“外面，向外和超过”。 outbreak outcome outdoor outlet outline outlook output outnumber out-patient outsider outstanding 16)over-(OE)表示在上面，超越，过分。 overact overall overburden overcharge overcoat overcome overcritical overflow overestimate overhang overhead overlap overload overlook overnight overseas overtake overwhelm17)per-(L)表示“穿过，完全”。perceive perfect perform performance persist persuade pervade18)post-(L) 表示时间或空间上的后面。postscript postwar postpone postgraduate post-modernism posthumous19)pre-(L),表示时间或空间上的前面。precaution precede preceding unprecedented predecessor predict predominant preface prefer pre-election prehistoric preheatpreliminary prelude prepare preposition prerequisite prescribepreserve president presume pretend prevent previous20)pro-(GK) 表示表示时间，空间或顺 上的“前面”。procedure proceed process procession proclaim produce profession profile profit program progress projectprominent promise promote pronounce propel propose proposition prospect protest provide provision 21)re-(L)表示“返回”，“还原 ”“反对”和“相互”的意思。recall receipt reconcile recover reflect renew release repair replaceresign resource restore reverse review rebel reclaim reject reluctantrepel resent resist restrain restrict revolt reset response revenge remote remove retire redouble refine remark research respect resolve22)sub-(L) ( 变体为 suc, suf ,sug,sup sus)，意思是在下面，引申义有“亚”“副”“次”“分”“再”等。 sub-committee sub-conscious sub-delegate sub-tropical sub-band sub-title sub-way sub-system sub-topic sub-space substandard sub-normal sub-mersion sub-mission subminiature sub-man sub-sample sub-sale sub-mark subdivide subject submarine subordinate sub-program subscribe substance substitute suburb subsoil sub-water subtract succeed sufficient suggest support supply suppress suspend suspect sustain23)super-(L) (变体为 sur-,sup-) 意思是“ ”在。上面，超过(on top,above)“ superficial superior superiority superman supermarket superpower supersonic superstructure superface surplus survive supreme24)tele-(GK) 表示“远”。 telegram telegraph telephone telescope telelecture telemarketing television telecommunications(telecom) telephoto teleoperator teleplay telesat telescript telewriter telerecord telex telecamera teleconfernecetelefilm teleclass telecourse teleport teleprinter teleprocessing telethon telework 25)trans-(L) 表示“横过 ，越过(across)”。 transaction transfer transform transcontinental transient transistor translate transmit transparent transport transgene transcentury transplant 26)ultra-(L)表示“在。之外(beyond)” ultrahigh超高 ultra-left ultra-right ultraviolet紫外线 ultrasonic超声波 27)under (OE)表示“低于，不足” underdeveloped underestimate undergraduate underground underprivilegedunderline underlying underloaded underinvestment underletundermine underpaid underpass underpayment underworldunderneath undertake undertone undertime underwrite (4)表示程度的前缀page37-381） extra-(L) 表示“超过的”extra extraordinary exrtraterritorial external extramural extranuclear extravagant2)out (OE) 表示“超过的”意思 outweigh outnumber outbid outdo outeat outfly outgeneral outgrow outrank3)over(OE)表示“过分，太” overcharge overcareful overact overbuild overburden overdo overcritical overdose overestimate overpopulated overwork overcaution 4)quasi-(L)表示“类似的 ，准”。quasihistorical quasicholera quasiofficial quasisovereign quasiconductor quasi contract5)under-(OE)表示低于，不足。 undercharge underdeveloped undersized understaffed underexposure（5）表示特殊意义的前缀1） auto-(GK)表示“自身、自己、自动“的意思。 automobile automation autobiography autosuggestion autonomy （自治） autocracy autogamy autograph autothermic autotransformer 2) con-(L) “一起，共同”（变体有con,com cor）page39-page 41conceal concentrate concern conclude concrete concurrent condense conduct confess conference confidence confirmconflict conform confront confuse congratulate congressconquer consent consequence comprehensive conserve constitute consult consume contact context contest contract contribution conversation collaborate colleague collide combatcombine commission committee community compact comparative compile compatible comply compose compound compresscompromise corporation correlated correspond 3)eu-(GK) 表示“好”的意思。Page41eulogy颂词 eugenics优生学 euphemism委婉语 euphony 谐音 4) hetero-(GK) 表示“异，杂”。heterogen异基因 heterogeneous异类的 ，异性的，异族的 heterosexual异性恋的heteromorphy 异态现象 hetero-metabolism异新陈代谢 heteronym 同型异音异义词heterophobia异性恐惧症 heterosuggestion他人暗示 heterograph异拼法 5)homo-(GK),表示“相同”的意思。homo-geneous 均匀的 homo-type同型 homo-sexual同性恋的 homo-transplant同种移植 6)neo-(GK) 表示“新的”neocolonialism新殖民主义 neo-classicism新古典主义 Neolithic新石器时代的 neo-Darwinism 新达尔文主义 neologism 新词语7)re-(L) 表示“再一次，重新”的意思。readjust reaffirm rebirth rebuild recite reform refreshment refuel reconsiderrevise relay relieve remind represent reputation resort retail retrieve revive renew refund resume resort remedy8)syn-(GK)表示“共同，合”。Page43sympathy同情 symphony 交响乐 symposium座谈会synonym 同义词 syntonic谐振的 synthesis合成 syntherma同温的l9)vice-(L)表示“副，次”的意思。vice-president vice-minister viceregal 副王的 viceroy副王 viscount子爵 (6) 改变词类的前缀1）a-(L) 能将动词转换成表语性形容词，或者将名词转化成副词。Page 44 afire 燃烧着 alive asleep astir astride跨坐着 aglimmer闪着微光 awash 波浪冲打的 afloat aboard abed aside aback向后2)be-(OE) 能将不及物动词或名词，形容词转换成及物动词。befall 使遭遇 bemoan 悲叹 beseem适宜 bespeak预示 befriend帮助belittle贬低becloud 遮暗 becalm使镇定 befog使迷惑 bedew沾湿 bedim 使阴暗 3)en-(L) 将名词、形容词转换成动词，并表示“置于。之中。”enable encircle 包围 embody 体现 endanger 危及 enslave 奴役 enlarge enfeeble使衰弱 ensure保证 empower授权二常见的词根1） ag,act (L) 含义是“做”。agency agent agonda(议事日程) agitate（鼓动） act action activity actual counteract exact interact react transaction actor2)audi-(L),含义是“听”。audible audit audio-visual method audience auditorium（礼堂）3)bat,(L)含义是“打”。bat battle battery batter combat battalion（军队）4)bio (GK) 含义是“生命”。biology biography antibiotics（抗生素） bioengineering bioscience bionics autography biographer（传记作家） autobiographer5)ced,ceed,cess (L),含义是“走”。exceed exceeding excess excessive accede access concede antecedent proceed procedure process procession succeed successful successive succession successor recede（后退） recess（休息） secede（退出） 6)cid,cis (L)含义是“切割，杀”。decide concise precise excide切除 incise 切入 homicide（杀人罪） insecticide pesticide bactericide tyrannicide（诛杀暴君） suicide（自杀）7)claim,clam,(L) 含义是“呼喊”。claim exclaim proclaim reclaim（改造） acclaim（喝彩） clamor （喧闹）8)clud,clus(L) 含义是“关闭”。conclude include exclude preclude （免除，预防）9)cord (L)含义是“心”。concord （同心） discord（不和） cordial（衷心的） courage record core accordance（一致，符合）10)cre (L) 含义是“生长”。concrete increment（增长） create creature increase decrease 11）cur, cours (L) 含义是“跑”。current concurr