高考复习方案（全国卷地区专用）2017届高考英语一轮总复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes听课手册 新人教版必修1.doc

unit 4earthquakes北京时间2013年4月20日8时02分四川省雅安市芦山县发生了7.0级地震，地震造成了包括房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等在内的一系列重大损失。地震发生后，四川省立刻启动一级应急程序。近几年全球地震频发，所以在地震中如何保护自己便成了一个重要的话题。请你以“how to survive in an earthquake”为题写一篇文章。内容要点：1地震发生时不要惊慌，如果在户外要远离大树、高楼、高压线等物；2如果在室内，要尽量躲在桌、柜等坚固家具下面以及房间内侧的墙角，并且注意保护好头部；3逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。精彩美文how to survive in an earthquakeon april 20, 2013 an earthquake with the magnitude of 7.0 hit lushan county of yaan city, sichuan province.the earthquake has caused significant damage.so how to take safety measures during an earthquake has become an important issue.here are some guidelines to staying safe in earthquakes.firstly, dont be nervous and keep calm.try to get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls, signs, power lines and anything else that might fall on you if outdoors.secondly, if you are indoors, stay there. quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall.cover your head and neck with your arms.the goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room.avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors and hanging objects.thirdly, never go to the stairs and never take the lift to go downstairs.the stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people.though we cant stop earthquakes, we can reduce the damage that earthquakes bring us if we take right measures.名师点睛1文章体裁：说明文。2行文逻辑：引出话题逃生指导总结扣题。3词汇短语：运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：significant(显著的)，firstly(首先), secondly(其次), thirdly (再次)，keep calm(保持冷静)，get into，be located，likely(可能的)等。4句式句法：运用了多样化的句式结构。如：非谓语动词：how to take safety measures，to protect yourself from falling objects，taking cover near windows，hanging objects, to be damaged，when overloaded(作状语)；祈使句：dont be nervous and keep calm, stay there，never go to the stairs and never take the lift to go downstairs；定语从句：that might fall on you if outdoors；状语从句：if you are indoors; even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake等；省略句：when overloaded by fleeing people。.单词荟萃1_ vi. (使)破裂；爆发；突然发作_ (过去式) _(过去分词)2_n污垢；灰尘_adj.肮脏的；污秽的3_n休克；打击vt.& vi.(使)震惊，震动_adj.震惊的_adj.令人震惊的4_n电；电流；电学_adj.电的；用电的_adj.发电的5_n祝贺；(复数)贺词_vt.祝贺6_n骑自行车的人_vt.骑自行车7_vt.(使)惊吓，吓唬_adj.受惊的；受恐吓的_adj.令人恐惧的8_vt.表示；表达_n表达，表情9_ n裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决_n判断；评价10_adj.极度的_adv. 极度地.短语检测1立刻，马上_2结束；终结 _3掘出；发现 _4考虑得少，满不在乎 _5仿佛；好像 _6严重受损；破败不堪 _7许多，大量的 _8以而自豪 _.佳句再现1in the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were _ eat. 在农家院子里，鸡，甚至猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。2_ the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！3then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was _the first one shook tangshan.接着在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样强烈的地震震撼着唐山市。4but the one million people of the city, _these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是城里的百万群众没有理会这些事件，那天夜里还和以往一样安然入睡了。5_they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。.课文回顾something strange was happening in the countryside of northeast hebei. the water in the wells rose and fell. a 1._ (smell) gas came out of the cracks. the chickens and even the pigs were 2._ nervous to eat. 3._ (mouse) ran out of the fields, 4._ (look) for places to hide. fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. at about 3：00 am on july 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. at 3：42 am, one of the 5._ (great) earthquakes of the 20th century began. steam 6._ (burst) from holes in the ground. hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. bricks covered the ground like red autumn 7._ (leaf). two dams and most of the bridges fell. the railway tracks were now 8._ (use) pieces of steel. in fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay 9._ ruins. it looked as if the world was 10._ an end. 单词点睛1 burstvt.& vi.(to explode；to come open or fly apart suddenly or violently)(使)破裂；爆发；突然发作 nc(a sudden outbreak or outburst; an explosion)爆炸；迸发；爆发burst into tears/laughterburst out crying/laughing突然大哭/大笑起来burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支【巧学助记】温馨提示 burst into与burst out都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”的意思，但burst into后面接名词，burst out后面接动名词。【活学活用】(1)2015全国卷完形 when i handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.当我把礼品卡给他，并且说他可以用它买他的家人所需要的任何物品时，他突然大哭起来。(2)at the news that my dad would be back from london this week, i felt as if my heart would _. 听到爸爸这个星期要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放了。(3)as the witness related, the car skidded, turned over and _. 据目击者描述，那辆汽车一打滑翻倒后就起火了。(4)it was not until i came back from the meeting that i found my house_直到开完会回来，我才发现有人闯入了我的房子。2 ruinvt. (to destroy completely)(使)毁灭；(使)破产；毁坏 n毁灭；(the remains of something destroyed)(常用复数)废墟；遗迹；残余(1)in ruins严重受损，破败不堪bringto ruin 使毁灭；使没落fall in/into ruin 成为废墟(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉【巧学助记】【易混辨析】damage，destroy与ruin这三个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下：damage表示“损害，损坏”，通常指部分性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中。如：smoking will damage your health. 吸烟会损害你的健康。destroy表示“毁坏”， 通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭， 往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中。如：the fire destroyed the building. 大火烧毁了大楼。ruin表示“毁坏，毁灭”，指彻底的毁坏、破坏，原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用ruin。如：any kind of dishonest dealing will ruin his career.任何不诚实的交易都会毁了他的事业。【活学活用】(1)2015福建卷阅读e then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. dont let negativity ruin your motivation.然后确保你周围的人都是支持你的。不要让消极情绪毁掉你的动机。(2)having gone through two world wars, the castle_经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。(3)the project is totally _ by the flybynight undertakers.这项工程完全是被那些不负责任的承包商破坏的。(4)2014福建卷阅读e many village communities feel their countryside _by the powerproducing machines of wind farms.许多村落社区觉得自己的乡村正在被风力发电厂的发电机毁掉。(5)用damage，destroy或ruin的适当形式填空。the car was not _ badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt. she had no choice but to leave him. she could not let him _ her whole life.the nazi wanted to _ peoples hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the nazis dream by the power of people. 3 shockn(the feeling of surprise when something bad happens accidentally)打击；震动；震惊 vt.& vi.(使)震惊；(使)惊愕；(使)触电(1)(be) a shock to sb对某人来说是一个打击a great shock to sb 令某人很震惊的人或事(2)shocked adj. (主语多为人)感到吃惊的，感到惊讶的be shocked at/by 被震惊be shocked to do sth 惧怕做某事(3)shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人气愤的，令人惊讶的温馨提示 shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。【活学活用】(1)2014陕西卷完形 there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.到处都是血，那位女士局促不安，显然她很害怕。(2)its _ to him that his wife died in the traffic accident.他的妻子在车祸中丧生，这对他来说是一个巨大的打击。(3)the end of the film was so _ that everyone was very much _ at it.这部影片的结局令人如此震惊，以至于每个人都感到惊讶。(4)it shocked mr adams to see his 13yearold son stealing money from his wallet.mr adams was greatly shocked _(see) his 13yearold son stealing money from his wallet.亚当斯先生发现他13岁的儿子正从他的皮夹子里偷钱时大为震惊。(5)greatly _ the sad news, he stood there, paralysed with fear.被这个不幸的消息所震惊，他站在那儿，吓得呆若木鸡。4 trapvt.使陷入困境；设陷阱捕捉(trapped, trapped) n陷阱；困境；捕捉器(1)be trapped in陷入trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事(2)fall into a trap (be caught in a trap) 掉入陷阱；落入圈套lay/set a trap (for) 安装捕捉机，设陷阱；设计陷害，设圈套【活学活用】(1)2015浙江卷阅读c humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. like most other creatures, we do need darkness.光污染对人类的影响并不比对青蛙的少。和大多数其他生物一样，我们也需要黑暗。(2)_ in the mine for two days, the miners finally were rescued.在矿井里被困了两天后，矿工们终于获救了。(3)think carefully before you answer his questions. you may_ giving away vital information.回答他的问题之前要仔细思考。你可能会中他的圈套，把重要信息泄露出去。(4)its a wonder that the worker _ underground for a week was found alive.那个被困在地底下一个星期的工人被发现还活着，这真是个奇迹。5 judgen法官；(one appointed to decide the winner of a contest or competition) 裁判员vt.& vi.(to form an opinion or estimation after careful consideration)判决；判断；断定(1)judging from/by根据来判断(2)judgesb/sthby/on 以来判断judgesb/sth (to be)n./adj. 判定为judge itadj.to do sth 认为做某事是(3)judgement n. 判断，审判；判断力温馨提示 judging from/by置于句首作状语。v.ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking坦白地说；considering考虑到。【活学活用】(1)2015福建卷完形 very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly(评判). 很快，她学会了感激生活，不再那么刻薄地评判一切。(2)its hard _ between the two handicraft articles; theyre both charming.很难判定这两件工艺品孰优孰劣，它们都很好看。(3)_ his accent, he must be from the south.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。(4)if he had played a part in the film, he _ to be the best actor this year.如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员了。6 buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏be buried alive被活埋bury ones face in hands 双手掩面be buried in (doing) sth bury oneself in (doing) sth 埋头于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事be buried in thought 陷入沉思温馨提示 表示“专心于，致力于”的表达还有：be devoted to; be absorbed in; be lost in; be occupied in; focus/concentrate on; fix ones attention on。【活学活用】(1)2015江苏卷阅读a in the back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.在落后的乡村，请把你的如厕废物掩埋在远离水道的浅洞里。(2)2014山东卷阅读c mumbets tombstone still stands in the massachusetts cemetery where she _mumbet的墓碑仍然屹立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州的墓地。(3)my father _ a book when i walked into the room. 当我走进房间的时候，父亲正在专心看书。(4)burying _ in her study，she didnt know that all the others had left.她埋头学习，不知道其他人都已经离开了。(5)he stood on the sidewalk with his hands _ in the pockets of his dark overcoat. 他站在人行道上，双手插在深色外套的口袋里。短语储存1 at an end结束；终结on end连续(地)；直立in the end 最后，终于at the end of 在的末端， 在结束时by the end of 到为止(常与完成时态连用)put an end to 结束【活学活用】(1)the meeting was nearly at an end when i got to the meeting room.我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。(结束)(2)the court has passed sentence and the matter is now at an end. 法庭已经做出了判决，现在这件事已经告一段落。 (告一段落)(3)i must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 我必须警告你我已经没有多少耐心了。(没有，失去)(4)by the end of的时态比较。by the end of this week, i _(finish) most of the work.到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。his newly written novel _(translate) into english by the end of last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。(5)用end的短语填空。the 1st round game _. so far so good. the 2nd round will be tougher.i wonder what determined her to marry him _the accident _ my dream of becoming an olympic athlete.my holiday is _ and i must go back to work tomorrow. 2 a (large) number of许多的，大量的(1)the number of 的数量(2)关于“许多”“若干”的短语：a small number of 少量的a great many 很多 +可数名词复数quite a few 相当多+可数名词单数+单数谓语动词many a 许多 more than one 不止一个a great /big deal of 许多；很多+不可数名词an amount of/amounts of 大量的a little 一些a bit of 一些+可数名词复数或不可数名词a lot of/lots of 许多；大量 a quantity of/quantities of 很多；大量【相关拓展】 表示“许多”的短语可分为三类：修饰可数名词复数a large/great/good number of，a good/great many，quite a few，dozens of，scores of修饰不可数名词a good/great deal of，a large amount of修饰可数或不可数名词a lot of，lots of，a large quantity of，large quantities of，plenty of温馨提示 (1)“a number ofn.(pl.)”作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多；大量”。“the number of(pl.)n.”作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“的数目”。如果说“数量多少”，要用large，small或high，low，不用many，few。(2) a quantity of 后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词，在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常看 of 后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。即接不可数名词时，则谓语用单数形式，接复数可数名词时，则谓语通常要采用复数形式。而quantities of 后无论接复数可数名词还是不可数名词 , 后面的谓语都用复数形式。(3) a large amount of修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语用单数形式；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语用复数形式。【活学活用】(1)2015安徽卷阅读d there are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. each individual(个体的) ant hardly weighs anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.世界上有极大量的蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁几乎没什么重量，但是如果把所有蚂蚁加在一起，它们的重量却和所有人类加起来的重量大致相当。(2)the number of people invited to the party _fifty，but a number of them _absent for different reasons.被邀请参加聚会的有50人，但其中许多人由于不同的原因而缺席。(3)after we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees _(save). 我们利用新的回收方法后，大量的树木已被拯救。(4)large quantities of information，as well as some timely help _ (offer) since the organization was built.该组织建立以来已经提供了大量的信息和及时的帮助。(5)a large amount of money _ (spend) on the bridge, which was to be completed the next month.大笔的钱被花在了建桥上，这座桥预计下个月竣工。句型透视1 all hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。not all/both/everything 并非都(部分否定)【句式点拨】该句是表示部分否定的句型。allnotnot all，意为“并非所有的都”。英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”。而no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more等表否定的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用均构成全部否定。【活学活用】(1)not all the universities allow students to stop out.all the universities dont allow students to stop out.不是所有的大学都允许学生中途辍学。(2)i agree with most of what you said, but i dont agree with _我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。(3)i love running, but _ is born to be a runner.我喜欢跑步，但不是每个人生来就适合跑步。(4)its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday, but we cant do _. 这是一个非此即彼的情形今年我们可以购买一辆新车，我们也可以去度假，但是我们不能两者兼得。2 it seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！seem as though/if似乎，好像【句式点拨】本句中as if “仿佛，好像”，既可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句，本句中引导的是表语从句。as if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当其所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用过去完成时(如果从句有表示过去时间的词语，则谓语动词用一般过去时)与将来事实相反从句谓语用“would/could/might动词原形”如：it looks as if well be late.看起来我们可能要迟到了。(可能性极大)it looks as if it were going to rain.看样子好像要下雨了。(可能性不大)when the movie star shook hands with him, he felt as if he were walking on air.当那位电影明星和他握手的时候，他高兴得有些飘飘然了。 (非真实情况)温馨提示 as though/if引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致，从句谓语是be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，即“as though/if形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。如：jason paused as if (he was) expecting lanny to speak.jason暂停下来，好像他在期待lanny讲话。he opened his mouth as though/if (he was) to say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。【活学活用】(1)2015湖南卷阅读c after he steadied himself, he shook glenns mothers hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened. 他站稳身子后，握着格伦母亲的手，并若无其事地继续查看着。(过去的虚拟)(2)2015福建卷阅读b papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend upon it.爸爸仍旧在思考所说的话，仿佛世界的救赎将取决于它。(将来的虚拟) (3)2015浙江卷阅读c weve lit up the night as if it _(be) an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth.我们照亮了夜晚，就如它是一个无人控管的国度，那时没有离真理更远的东西了。(4)2014重庆卷单项填空 it was john who broke the window. why are you talking to me as if i _(do) it?是约翰打破了窗户。为什么你和我讲起话来好像是我打破的呢？ .单句填空1when a fire broke out at the national exhibition in london, at least ten priceless paintings _(destroy). 2once _(bury) in reading a book, he will forget everything around him.3the news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans _(shock). 4a number of children_ parents were killed in the earthquake were sent to live with families in other cities.5if it hadnt been for your timely help, we _(trap) in a dilemma now.6. when the boss got to the factory _ midnight, he found it _ ruins.7thank you very much for your note of congratulation _ my receiving doctors degree in chemistry.8his best friend was killed by the enemy under _(extreme) questionable circumstances.9on seeing the former champion of the olympics appear on the stage, the audience burst out _(cheer)10how wild his white hair looked as if it_(electrify)!.单句改错1i want to make use of this opportunity to express congratulations in your success. 2judged by the current situation, there is a small chance that a largescale war will break out between the two countries. 3george is organized，easygoing，hardworking and intelligent.in a word，i cant think too high of him. 4the whole city was completely destroyed in the sudden flood，leaving everything to the native people. 5standing in the village which lay in ruin, the old man couldnt help thinking a lot and became very sad. 6following the girl，we went into a hall，on which walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.7she is always talking as though she knows everything under