商务翻译资料.doc

商务英语翻译简介词汇的使用特点：大量使用专业词汇Counter-offer还盘Counter-suggestion反还盘Bid递盘Surcharges附加费Irrevocable letter of credit不可撤销信用证Insurance policy保险单Clearance sale清仓削价销售L/C信用证CIF到岸价格FOB离岸价格商务英语语言灵活且丰富Property in goods货权Property of goods货物属性Appearance surface外表Surface appearance表面状况Instrument of payment支付工具Instrument of pledge抵押契据Instrument of ratification批准证书Instrument of credit control信用管制手段Instrument of acquisition 购置凭证语句的使用特点（1）商务英语语句的最大特点在于其简洁严密性，表现为多使用简单句、简短并列句和简短复合句，甚至使用省略句。例如：Thank you for your letter dated 7th October offering us Chinese Embroideries.又如:Subject to your confirmation. （由贵方确认）语句的使用特点（2）商务合同由于其法律属性，因此多用长句、复合句、并列复合句等在法律公文中常见的句式，以及分隔现象、介词短语、插入语、同位语、倒装句、被动语态（过去分词）等特殊句型，使语句结构更严密，细节更突出，更能突出其法律效果（如责任与风险、权利与义务等）。This contract is made by and between the buyers and the sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.译文：本合同由买卖双方订立，因此买卖双方同意按照下面规定的条款购买以下商品。语句的使用特点（3）商务英语在句型上的另外一个特点是套语使用频繁。例如：Please quote us the lowest price, We refer to, be informed that, be subject to change without previous notice等。Multinational banks services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing bankers acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.译文：跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及承销欧洲货币债券。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.译文：自9月20日起，甲方已无权接受任何订单或收据。Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).译文：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。语法层面必须做到译文的简洁、严密和庄重。汉语译文中常使用“敬希”、“恳请”等汉语公文体中常用的客套委婉词语，或者使用“凡属须于”、“鉴于”等文言文句式，采用典型的介词结构，因此能使译文的语意更为确切、严密、周详和规范。Please look into the matter immediately. 恳请速查明此事。You are kindly requested to act accordingly as soon as possible. 敬希速遵照执行。Considering the friendly business relationship between our two banks, we decided not to charge you the overdue interests.鉴于贵我两行之间的友好业务关系，我行决定不收取贵行的过期利息。The claims concerning the quality of the commodity shall be lodged within 30 days after arrival of the cargo at the port of destination.凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出。We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。It is obviously out of question to effect two shipments of crude oil by the end of October.译文：十月底发运两船原油没有问题。We dont think your way of doing business conforming to accepted international practice.译文：我们认为贵方做生意的方式不符合国际惯例。Plastics for industrial purposes are not valuable because they are colorful.译文：工业用的塑料不因为五颜六色而有价值。英语名词单复数的翻译特例n Sales销售额n Sale销售n Imports & exports进出口商品/进出口额n Import & export 进出口业务n Shipment装运、装船n Shipments装运的货n Stock库存、存活n Stocks库存量n Engagement承诺n Engagements承担的义务n Damage损坏n Damages 损坏赔偿金语篇层面必须注意译文的规范性、整体性以及礼貌和功能等方面的对等。就语篇层面而言，译者必须了解商务领域的行业规范和背景知识，熟悉商务运作各个环节所使用的成套术语和各类商务语篇的表述模式与结构，不说外行话。要确保译文的专业性、整体性、礼貌性，并努力使译文的语气与原文一致，传达相同的功能。The corporate charter also authorizes the corporation to issue and sell shares of stock, or ownership in the corporation, to enable the corporation to raise money.译文：公司章程授权公司发行和销售股票，转让公司所有权，以便为公司筹措资金。Direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. This can amount to a small percentage of the equity of the company being acquired, perhaps even as little as 10 percent.译文：投资以后，随即参与管理，就是直接投资。这种投资可以是企业可获得股本的一小部分，甚至可少到10。If a firm anticipates the future imposition of quotas, its strategy will be to gain as much market share as possible regardless of profitability.译文：如果某个公司预计将来会实施配额制度，其战略就是不考虑盈利而获取尽可能多的市场份额。商务合同翻译之基础篇一、合同的基本概念中华人民共和国合同法第2条规定“合同是平等主体的自然人、法人，其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议”Contracts referred to in this law are agreements between equal natural persons, legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing, altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations. 二、国际商务合同的种类1)国际货物买卖合同，包括售货确认书（sales confirmation）售货合同(sales contract)购货确认书(purchase confirmation)购货合同(contract for purchase)2)代理合同，包括独家代理协议(Sole Agency Agreement)，独家经销协议(Sole Distributorship Agreement)和包销协议 (Exclusive Sales Agreement)。3)来件装配合同 (contract for Assembling)和补偿贸易合同 (Agreement on Compensation Trade)。4)融资租赁合同 (Finance Lease Agreement）经营租赁合同 (Contract of Operating Lease)国际租赁合同 (Contract for International Leasing Affairs)。5)合资经营企业合同 Joint Venture Contract 合作经营企业合同 Contractual Joint Venture Contract。6)劳务合同 Labor Service Contract.7)国际技术咨询服务合同 Technical Consultancy Service Contract技术转让和设备材料进口合同Contract for Technology Transfer and Importation of Equipment and Materials技术转让和技术援助协议 Technology Transfer and Technical Assistance Agreement。8)国际借贷合同 International Loan Agreement国际贷款合同 Loan Agreement. 9)国际土木建筑工程承包合同Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction。三、国际商务合同的语言特征1正式用语的使用In convening a general meeting of shareholders, notice shall be dispatched to shareholders.要召开股东大会时，须将通知发给各股东。The work shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of the Contract.工程须按照合同条款规定进行。The accounting principles employed shall be the same as those applied in proceeding years.所采用会计原则应与以往各年的会计原则相一致。It hereby covenants that the Consignee guarantees the payment of all bills and accounts for goods.兹订立契约，代销人保证付清货物的一切发票及账款。Except AAAs prior written consent, no party shall enter in or assume any mortgage.除经甲方事先提出书面同意，任何一方不得参加或承担任何抵押。This Agreement shall supersede all previous commitments.本协议将取代以前的一切承诺。The Licensee shall not dispute or object to the validity of said Letters Patent.许可证受证人不应对所述专利证书的有效性提出争议或异议。The Principal shall be obliged to pay the commissions to the Sales Agent.委托人应对经销代理商负有支付手续费的义务。If any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement is substantially breached by either Party, the other Party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement.当事人任何一方实质上破坏了本协议中所签订的条款或条件，协议另一方有权终止该协议 The first annual royalty period shall commence with the date of execution of this Agreement.第一年租赁期应自本协议签署之日开始。Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing.甲方应将病人遣返中国，负担其返回北京的旅费。2同义词的使用1）同义词连用Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to obligate Seller to permit Buyer to examine any patent application of Seller otherwise than upon a secret and confidential basis and upon the written request of Buyer.除了在保守机密的情况下和买方书面要求以外，本协议并未谈到责成卖方允许买方对卖方的专利申请书加以检查。Change in the Work shall mean any modification, amendment of, alteration in the Work.工程的改变指在工程的任何变更、修订或更换。The Contractor shall always have the sole responsibility for the due and proper execution and performance of all of its rights and obligations under the Contract.根据本合同规定，承包商的唯一指责就是要如期严格地执行和履行其所有的权利和义务。Any such consent shall not relieve the Contractor from any liability or obligation under this Contract.任何此类同意均不应解除本合同规定的承包人的责任与义务。This Agreement, and all rights vested in the Second Party, shall forthwith become null and void, if the Second Party shall violate, or omit to perform, any of the following terms, provisions and conditions.如乙方违反或忘记执行以下条款及条件，则本协议及赋予乙方之所有权利，将立即失效。2）根据单词的内涵进行选择改进和开发的技术，其所有权属于改进和开发的一方。The improved and developed technology shall be owned by the Party who has improved and developed the technology.The ownership of any improved and developed technology shall belong to the party who has improved and developed the technology.合同有效期内，双方对合同产品涉及的技术如有改进和发展，应相互免费将改进和发展的技术提供给对方使用。Within the validity term of the Contract, both parties shall provide each other with the improvement and development of the technology related to the Contract Products free of charge.如果没有在每个细节上完成合同，那么，就应按上述完工日期满后的每一日历日计算，每天扣除美元。A deduction of per day will be made for every calendar day after the above completion date if the Contract is not completed in every detail.3）根据语法要求选择The Contractor shall observe and abide by all applicable laws, rules and regulations in connection with the Work.承包商必须遵守和服从与该工程有关的一切适当的法律、规章和条例。All the activities of a joint venture shall comply with the provision of laws, decree and pertinent regulations of the Peoples Republic of China.合资经营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律。The landlord shall not be liable for any failure to supply such heat, water, or electricity, not due to gross negligence on its part.如果不是因为房主的重大疏忽，房主对于不能供应暖气、水、电不负责任。 His failure is due to causes beyond the control of Area Franchisee such as strike, weather, etc.他的失误是由于地区特权持有人所无法控制的原因，例如罢工、天气骤变等等所造成的。Neither the Seller nor the Buyer shall be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery owing to generally recognized “Force Majeure” causes.由于一般公认的“人力不可抗拒”原因而延迟交货或不能交货，卖方或买方都不负责任。A tender price offered by a tender shall remain unchanged during the performance of the Contract, and shall not be modified because of any reasons. According to clause 24 of the Notice, tender documents containing any adjustable prices will be rejected as non-responsive tenders.投标人所报的标价在合同执行过程中是固定不变的，不得以任何理由予以变更。根据本须知第24条规定，以可调整的价格提交的投标文件将作为非响应性投标而予以拒绝。4）根据合同的文体选择如果我们认为有此必要，那么，我们对建议的任何部分保留修改的权利。We reserve the right to revise any part of this proposal, if we deem it necessary to do so.不管什么情况都不能要求销售代理商维修陈列室。The Sales Agent shall, under no circumstances, be required to maintain a showroom.卖方应立刻支付这些余额的全部。Seller shall immediately pay the full amount of such excess.Seller shall forthwith pay the full amount of such excess.未经委托人事先书面许可，本协议不允许经销代理人转让。This Agreement shall not be assigned by the Sales Agent without the Principals prior consent.3. 准确选词1） 根据词性选择词义Unless the claims are fully paid, ZZZ shall not be discharged from the liabilities.除非这笔债款全部清偿，否则，乙方不能免除承担该债务。Subject as hereinafter provided, the Lay time allowed to Buyer for discharging a Cargo shall be seventy-two (72) running hours after the arrival of vessel at the discharge port including Sundays and holidays.在下列条件下，每船卸货时间为船舶抵港后72小时，含星期日和节假日。The invalidation, cancellation or discharge of a contract does not impair the validity of the contract provision concerning the method of dispute resolution, which exists independently in the contract.合同无效，被撤销或解除不影响合同中独立存在的有关解决正义方法的条款的效力。Rout duties of the Joint Venture Company are to be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors.董事会任命的总经理负责履行合营公司的日常职务。2）根据行业来确定词义All the rights and interests of the Salesman shall cease and terminate upon his breach of any of the preceding Articles.在违反上述任何条款时，应停止或中断推销员的所有权利与利益。Should either Joint Venture fails to pay the contribution on schedule according to Clause 5, the default party should pay the other 10% of the interest one month after the dead line.如果合资一方未能按照本合同第五条规定按期付款，违约方应在逾期后1个月内付给另一方10%的利息。Loss of or damage to any fixed or movable object of property or other thing or interest whatsoever, other than the Vessel, arising from any cause whatsoever in so far as such loss or damage is not covered by Clause 17.除了船舶以外的任何固定或可移动物体或财产或其他物品或无论人中被保险标的物的灭失或损害，此种灭失或损害是由于除第17条承保之外的任何其他原因所致。3）根据词的搭配确定词义This Clause 9 shall in no case extend or be deemed to extend to any sum which the Assured may become liable to pay or shall pay for or in respect of.在任何情况下，本第9条皆不扩展或被视为扩展承保被保险人可能有责任或应支付的任何金额。No claim under this Clause 11 shall in any case be allowed where the loss was not incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of a peril insured against.如果损失不是为避免承保风险而发生或与之有关，根据本第11条提出的索赔在任何情况下均不予认可。In the case of dangerous and/ or poisonous cargo(es), the Seller shall be obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.如系危险及/或有毒货物，卖方负责保证在每件货物包装上明显地表明货物的性质说明及习惯上被接受的标记。The method of payment shall in all cases be determined by the sales company.在所有的情况下，付款方式应由销售公司决定。4）容易混淆的词(1)书写相似，意义不同The Buyers are requested always to quote the number of this sales confirmation in the Letter of Credit to be opened in favor of the Sellers.买方开给卖方的信用证上请填注本确认书号码。The quality of the goods in the previous contract was much in favor on the European Continent.上次合同中的货物质量在欧洲颇受欢迎。In the event we are not favored with the award of the Contract, this proposal shall be returned to us immediately.如果我们没有接到合同的仲裁裁决，要立即将申请书归还我们。(2)同一概念但表达不同权利义务关系The prices quoted above do not include any taxes, duties, impost and any other charges of any kind which may be levied in (countries).以上所报价格并不包括在（某国）所征收的各种税款、关税、进口税以及其他各种费用。The Contract Price set forth in this Contract shall not include any withholding tariff and any charges imposed on the Contractor by the government in (countries).本合同中规定的合同价格，不应包括（某国）政府承包商征收的扣交关税和任何费用。The China Corporation shall bear all relevant taxes and levies imposed upon the personnel by the Chinese Government, whereas the Employer shall bear the same imposed upon the personnel by the Government of the Project-host Country.中国公司应负责缴纳中国政府对人员所征收的一切税金，雇主应负责缴纳项目所在国政府对人员所征缴的一切税金。商务信函的正确格式流行完全齐头式(full blocked style)，其各部分分别如下：1） 信头 （heading）即寄信人地址；2） 日期（date）3） 文档号（reference）如，our ref： WFX/SQ, your ref: JS201/SD707;4） 信内地址（受函人地址）（inside address）5） 主办人 如：Attention：The Sales Manager；6） 称呼（Salutation）；7） 事由，如：Subject：Invoice No。2017 BY 058） 正文 （body）9） 函尾套语 （Complimentary Close）10） 姓名（signature）11） 姓名（打字）12） 职务13） 发信人及打信人（姓名缩写）STW/SJ;14） 附件 （enclosure）15） 副本（CC. carbon copy）16） 再启/又启 （postscript） P.S.商务信函的语言特点1） clearness 明了2） conciseness 简洁3） correctness 准确4） preciseness 严谨5） courtesy 礼貌6） professionalism专业性翻译注意：1） 重在记实；2） 把握语气3） 文言词语Dear 。台鉴、大鉴，尊鉴。收悉，承蒙，乞谅，为盼。4） 英译汉保留格式，汉译英调整格式5） 摘译6） 把握原文正式程度商务信函的文体特点1.词语使用特点1）用词规范正式正式词汇，基本词汇和非正式词汇并存，多使用正式词汇和中性词汇，体现商务公函规范正式，公事公办的特点。Inform, advice = tell Duplicate = copy Dispatch = send Otherwise = or Therefore = so介词短语代替简单介词As for, in respect to, in connection with, with regard to = about常用here/there +prep. 构成复合词，如：hereafter, hereby, hereunder, hereto, hereinafter, herewith, thereafter, therein, therefromWe are pleased to advice you that your order No. 103 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.我们高兴地通知你们：第103号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。In accordance with your request, we are sending you herewith our price list and some pamphlets.根据你方要求现附寄价目表及说明书数本。We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5% in view of our long pleasant relations.鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系，本公司将酌情考虑给予5%的折扣。All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.所有报盘和销售均应一本报价单背面所印条件为准。Hereof= of the offer letter.In such a case, Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.在此情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。Therefrom= from the abovementioned terms and conditions for breaching the contract.2）表意准确、专业性强大量使用专业术语，行话，外来借词，缩略语及一般词汇在商务语境中的特殊用法。Trimming charges 平仓费Insurance policy 保险单Coverage 险别Premium 保险费Underwriter 保险人Establishment 开证Counteroffer 还盘Proforma invoice 形式发票We shall cover TPND on your order.我们将为你方的货物投保。TPND 偷窃，提货不着险Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery It would be appreciated if you would let us know by return your lowest possible price for the following goods FOB London.请报下列商品伦敦船上交货价。Average is of two kinds; General Average and Particular Average.海损有两种： 一种是共同海损，另一种是单独海损。词汇在一般语境中在商贸英语信函中名词coveragedocumentliteratureofferquotation覆盖文件文学提议引用所投保的险种，险别单证书面材料报价，发盘报价动词OfferQuoteCoverFinish提议引用盖住结束报价，发盘报价将（货物）投保最后一道漆形容词ParticularSubject具体的易受的详细情况，具体细节可能会/需经过，以。为准介词with与，随着向。投保，索赔固定意义Pamphlet, brochure, booklet, sales literature 说明材料Shipment，consignment 表示所发出的货物Financial standing，reputation，condition，position 表示公司的“资信财务状况”Fulfill/ complete/ execute an order “执行订单”A draft contract/ a specimen contract 表示“合同样本”Sales contract/ sales confirmation S/CCoverage 所投保的险种，险别Document 单证Literature 书面材料Offer 报价，发盘Quotation 报价Cover将（货物）投保Particular详细情况，具体细节Subject可能会/需经过，以。为准With向。投保，索赔数字准确七八月下旬：the last 11 days，By Friday 包括Friday，Before FridayThe market here for this product is active, and the best price we can offer is US $ 150 or over per long ton.该产品在本地的销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨150美元或以上。Short ton=907 kg 美制Long ton=1016 kg3）用语朴素，淡于修饰Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.In reply to your enquiry of November 10, we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information. We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience.承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣，十分感谢。兹复贵方11月10询价函，我们非常抱歉地奉告，我们不能泄露我方任何销售情况。我们希望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。2句子结构特点1）句式正规完整正式书面英语，频繁使用复句，分词短语，不定式短语，插入语，同位结构，独立主格结构等。In order to facilitate business in consideration of the present monetary stringency, the corporation, on behalf of which I am studying this proposition, is willing to base transaction on trade by barter and would import any articles, which you would ship to the United States.最近银根很紧，为谋求达成交易，本人代表公司正在研究如何做成这笔交易，我们希望以易货贸易为基础，进口你方能运到美国的任何商品。2）用陈述句表示委婉的祈使意义。We should be glad to have your immediate shipping instructions.We should be obliged if you would send us by air a copy of the packing list for the shipment to be dispatched by sea.3) 大量使用套语表示收到对方来函：we are in receipt of your letter; we admit receipt of your letter; we acknowledge receipt of.表示自己是在回复某份函电：regarding your letter of; in reply to your letter of; referring to your letter of表示自己从何处得知对方：we owe your name and address to; your name and address has been given by; has referred us to you.表示希望得到回函：to hear from you in the affirmative; to receive your positive/ favorable reply说明寄上某物：enclosed please find; we are enclosing.3. 礼貌，委婉语气的把握We have not received your payment of the balance of US& 5 000.We regret having to remind you that we have not received your payment of the balance of US $ 5,000.使用pleasePlease see to it that your goods meet our requirements.使用be