土木芬芳.doc

土木芬芳 从人类诞生在地球上以来，土木工程作为一门与人类生产生话密不可分的学科更是处在不停地发展中。 土木工程，英文Civil Engineering，是18世纪由英国的斯米顿首先提出的。关于这位土木工程师，让我们用一段来自维基百科的文字了解他： John Smeaton , FRS , (8 June 1724 28 October 1792) was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges , canals , harbours and lighthouses . He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent physicist . Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer, and often regarded as the father of civil engineering. Recommended by the Royal Society, Smeaton designed the third Eddystone Lighthouse (175559). He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime (a form of mortar which will set under water) and developed a technique involving dovetailed blocks of granite in the building of the lighthouse. His lighthouse remained in use until 1877 when the rock underlying the structures foundations had begun to erode; it was dismantled and partially rebuilt at Plymouth Hoe where it is known as Smeatons Tower . He is important in the history, rediscovery of, and development of modern cement , because he identified the compositional requirements needed to obtain hydraulicity in lime; work which led ultimately to the invention of Portland cement . Deciding that he wanted to focus on the lucrative field of civil engineering, he commenced an extensive series of commissions. Because of his expertise in engineering, Smeaton was called to testify in court for a case related to the silting-up of the harbour at Wells-next-the-Sea in Norfolk in 1782: he is considered to be the first expert witness to appear in an English court. He also acted as a consultant on the disastrous 63-year-long New Harbour at Rye , designed to combat the silting of the port of Winchelsea . The project is now known informally as Smeatons Harbour, but despite the name his involvement was limited and occurred more than 30 years after work on the harbour commenced.（以上便是“土木工程之父”的相关档案。） 从土木工程的含义可知，土木工程是古老却依旧充满着蓬勃生机的学科。这一点，我们可以由它的发展史中得到。 古代土木工程作为第一时期，时间上的跨度为公元前5000年的新石器时代到17世纪中叶。虽然处于奴隶社会和封建社会时期，人类的生产力水平还相对较弱，但依旧有不少杰出的土木工程杰作屹立至今，其中就有如我国举世闻名的万里长城以及其他“世界八大奇迹”。这一时期的建材主要取至天然，建造技术则以手工为主，不可否认的是，生产力的落后还是在一定程度阻碍了土木工程师想象力的发挥。 近代土木工程时跨约300年，从17世纪中叶至20世纪中叶，是第二阶段。这一阶段出现的工业革命对土木工程提出了更高的要求，与此同时，它也在极大程度上促进了土木工程的发展。在此期间，建材由天然材料为主转向了人造材料为主，“波特兰水泥”的发明则是具有里程碑式的意义。其次，工程师们也从经验为主向理论兼故经验转变。这使得土木工程的结构体系出现了本质性的变化。而建造技术更是有长足进步，开始了大规模使用施工机械。法国巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔和美国纽约的帝国大厦则是这一时期土木工程发展的杰出标致。 从20世纪中叶至今，现代土木工程则把与高新技术结合作为了时代特点。建材随着材料科技的不断发展也在不断地更新，向着“资源节约型，环境友好型”以及更加人性化迈进。结构设计上，因为计算机提供的便利，工程师们可以更加快捷地进行绘图设计和仿真检测。技术方面，由于理论研究的深入，理论投入实践的方便，施工技术更加自动化、一体化，这使得工程质量和施工技术都得到了较大发展。 回顾土木工程发展史的过程中我们可以看到，人类的发展与土木工程学科的发展是密不可分的。在感受到这份荣誉的同时，我们更应该意识到一份属于我们的责任。 作为一名未来的土木工程人才，我们应拥有扎实的专业知识基础，浓厚的人文素养以及对这个社会乃至全世界、全人类的责任感。我们是真正在“建造”明天的人，我们脑海中的世界可能就将是明天这世界的模样。因此，若要明日之世界更加美丽，我们心中还需要有一个创新的源泉。在创新中，发展土木工程；在创新中，为人类构筑更加温馨美好的家园；在创新中，让未来成为一个充满无限生机的新世界。 我们应该用实际行动践行土木人的誓言，踏实努力掌握土木工程专业知识，培养自己勇于创新的精神，锻炼自己各方面的能力，让自己全面发展，在大学四年中学有所成，在未来担负起历史的伟大使命，成为一名卓越的土木工程师，为社会的发展尽自己的最大努力。 接下来，让我们从土木工程中的一个方向-桥梁工程中看出土木工程折射出的魅力。 Theres no doubt youve seen a bridge, and its almost as likely that youve traveled over one. If youve ever laid a plank or log down over a stream to keep from getting wet, youve evenconstructed a bridge. Bridges are truly ubiquitous - a natural part of everyday life. A bridge provides passage over some sort of obstacle: a river, a valley, a road, a set of railroad tracks. THE QUEBEC BRIDGE：On December 3, 1917, after almost 20 years of planning and construction, the Quebec Bridge opened for traffic. A major engineering feat in its day, it still stands as one of the worlds great bridges. Two major collapses during construction resulted in heavy lossof life. This exhibit, with parts taken from a book titled The Quebec Bridge by the St. Lawrence Bridge Company, is an attempt to preserve some of history of that great undertaking. TACOMA NARROWS BRIDGE：On November 7, 1940, at approximately 11:00 AM, the first Tacoma Narrows suspension bridge collapsed due to wind-induced vibrations. Situated on the Tacoma Narrows in Puget Sound, near the city of Tacoma, Washington, the bridge had only been open for traffic a few months. 桥梁工程作为土木工程的一个部分，展示着其独特的魅力。在土木工程概论这门课的学习中，我不但感受到了桥梁之美，还感受到了土木工程中蕴藏的人类智慧所带来的无限魅力。在这课上，教授们的讲诉让我们对土木工程专业的生命力拥有了强大的信心，同时，为自己身为同济土木人而更感骄傲自豪。在此基础上，我更加清楚地认识到，选择土木就是选择光明而富有竞争的未来。作为一门生产建设的基础学科，土木工程对于人才的要求一定会提高，我们不仅要与同学科中大量人才竞争，更是要满足社会大众对土木工程日益提高的要求。所以，作为一名土木人，我们不但要扎实掌握现有的专业知识，而且还要发扬活到老，学到老的学习精神。纵观历史，土木学科的发展可谓日新日异，若要紧随科技潮流，不被这不停发展的科学抛弃，就需要我们发扬创新，作时代土木学科潮流的引领者，同时及时充电，紧跟时代脚步。 土与木，本是中国古代誓学体系中的两种不太相关的无素。但是，当他们走到了一起，成为了“土木”，他们就代表了一种关乎衣食住行的伟大学科；就代表了一种脚踏实地，吃苦耐劳的精神；就代表了一种默默无闻，无私奉献的人。他们有着一个共同的名字，叫“土木”。每每看见“土木”二字，心中是一份自豪；每每看见“土木”二字，心中是一份抱负。“土木”是曾经的理想，“土木”是未来的征程。“土木”是我已深深镌刻入生命的字，我将用对这份事业无限的爱书写