（讲练测）高考英语一轮复习 模块5.2 The environment（讲）（含解析）牛津译林版.doc

unit 2 the environment一、重点词汇熟记下列单词arrest vt. & n. 逮捕clap vt. & vi. 鼓掌，抬手conflictvi. 冲突，抵触 n. 冲突；矛盾queue vi. 排队等候 n. 队，行列decrease vt.& vi. 减少 n. 减少drill vi. & vt. 钻（孔）n. 操练，训练fueln. 燃料 vt. & vi. 提供燃料absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯注debate n. & vi. 辩论；争论，讨论flow vi. 流，流动； n. 流动；连贯recycle vt. & vi. 回收利用pump vt. & vi. 用泵输送；涌出n. 泵；气筒flood n.洪水；大量 vt. & vi. 泛滥;大量涌入range n. 范围；vi. (在一定范围内)变化 spokeswoman n. 女发言人duty n. 责任，义务，本分pipe n. 管子，管道greedy adj 贪婪的，贪心的businessman n. 商界人员；企业家credit n. 赞扬；信用；学分quantity n. 数量raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的seafood n. 海味，海鲜willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的tax n. 税，税款goods n. 商品，货品madam n. 女士，夫人customs n. 海关；关税feather n. 羽毛blanket n. 毯子，厚的覆盖层crop n. 庄稼，农作物fence n. 栅栏，篱笆，围栏soil n. 土壤bush n. 灌木satellite n. 人造卫星typhoon n. 台风climate n.气流low-carbon adj. 低碳的vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆decade n. 十年petrol n. 汽油engine n. 发动机，引擎plant n. 工厂；发电厂oxygen n. 氧气词性(词形)变化短语英语汉语意义英语汉语意义open the floor自由发言use up/run out (of)用尽；用完；耗尽cut back on production削减产量upon the arrival of spring春天一来be concerned about对关心take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事at the same time同时pick out挑出，辨认出clean up打扫（清除）干净raise concern 引起关注be bad for对有害put in danger置于危险中queue up排队等候in/with regard to关于raw materials 原材料blame on将归咎于under way进行中let off 排放，使（炸药等）爆炸in particular特别do ones part 尽某人的职责result in引起，导致see. as.把看作含重点词汇的教材原句(划线部分)1.【教材原句】todays debate question is, the economy or the environment must we choose？(p22)今天辩论的题目是“经济发展还是环境保护我们必须选择吗？”we are following our usual schedule fordebates. (p22)2.【教材原句】these boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. (p22) 这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼类，根本不让它们有产卵的时间。3.【教材原句】it is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(p23)很显然，你们对环境的现状很担忧。4.【教材原句】they think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.(p23)他们会联想到贪婪的商人逃避社会责任，一味关心金钱。5.【教材原句】the people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(p23)这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。6.【教材原句】it would be a shame if they were destroyed because of peoples activities there.(p29)如果它们是因为人类在那儿的活动而遭受破坏，那真是一件遗憾的事情。7.【教材原句】two people were arrested yesterday at a paris airport for bringing animals into europe from south america illegally.(p29)昨天有两人在巴黎的一个机场被捕，因为他们非法从南美携带动物进入欧洲。8.【教材原句】the centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measuresthat will stop desertification. (p33) 这该中心有300多名致力于找到阻止沙漠化措施的科学家。9.【教材原句】nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.(p38)对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。10.【教材原句】the efforts of the chinese government and people to protect this muchloved river will be appreciatedfor years to come.(p38)中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流所作的努力，在不远的将来必会受到赞赏。11.【教材原句】last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.(p39)最后但并非最不重要，你可以种一棵树，因为树木可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳，制造氧气。12.【教材原句】it is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(p22)尽力削减产量并减少我们制造和购买的东西数量是我们的责任。13.【教材原句】we need to stop thinkingofcompanies and businessmenas the enemy, and give them more credit!(p23) 我们不要再把公司和商人看作是敌人了，而应该给他们更多的赞扬。14.【教材原句】the number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials. (p25)世界人口的数量不断增长，我们不断制造更多的垃圾，消耗更多的原材料。what if they run out? (p25)如果它们用完了怎么办呢？15.【教材原句】there are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.(p33)还有一些可以从国家或国际高度来做的事情，比如在国家之间共享信息、使用卫星找出可能受荒漠化影响的地区。16.【教材原句】however，many other human activities also let off carbon gases.(p39)然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出二氧化碳。二、经典句型考点-1.it+连系动词be+表语+that从句【教材原句】it is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(p23) 很显然，你们对环境的现状很担忧。考点-3.what if句型及其类似的句型【教材原句】what if they run out? (p25)如果它们用完了怎么办呢？考点-4. doubt+从句【教材原句】there is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.(p39) 毫无疑问，世界气候在近几年发生着变化。 三、语法自主复习复习本单元的grammar and usage：现在分词。一、现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的构成一般为“动词ing”，否定式在分词前加not。现在分词有(时态)一般式和完成式及(语态)主动和被动形式的变化。时态/语态主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done一般式的否定式not doingnot being done完成式having donehaving been done完成式的否定式not having donenot having been done注意：如何正确理解现在分词的时态和语态1.现在分词作定语现在分词与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing主动关系与谓语动作同时进行being done被动关系与谓语动作同时进行he visited the people working(=who were working) on the farm.(主动的，进行的)i want to be shown around the house being built (=which is being built) now.(被动的，进行的)2.现在分词作状语现在分词与逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing(一般式)作状语主动关系(几乎)与谓语动作同时进行having done(完成式)作状语主动关系先于谓语动作发生having been done(完成被动式)作状语被动关系先于谓语动作发生done(过去分词)作状语被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念 二、现在分词的句法功能1现在分词具有形容词的特征，在句中可充当表语、定语和宾语补足语。功能作用例句作表语现在分词作表语说明主语的性质和特征。他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。the music they are playing sounds exciting.这消息鼓舞人心。the news is inspiring.作定语现在分词作定语可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语，也可放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。现在分词作定语可表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态。一个睡觉的婴儿a sleeping baby现在正在建造的那座建筑是一所医院。the building being built now is a hospital.作宾语补足语现在分词可以在“主语谓语宾语宾语补足语”结构中充当宾语补足语。这种结构如使用被动语态，现在分词便是主语补足语。他看见孩子们正在院子里玩儿。he saw the children playing in the yard.有人看见他正在上楼。he was seen going upstairs.2.现在分词(短语)具有副词的特征，在句中可充当状语成分现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况，一般可以转换成一个相应的状语从句。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果分词的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或谓语动词动作紧接着分词发生要用doing形式；如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，要用having done形式；如果分词的动作与主语是被动关系，又表示与谓语动词动作同时发生，则要用being done形式。注意：独立成分作状语不受上述所讲规则的限制：有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally/frankly speaking一般说来/坦白地说 judging from根据来判断considering.考虑到 speaking of说到；谈及talking of说起judging from his face, he was angry.从他的脸色看，他很生气。frankly speaking, i dont agree with you.坦白地说，我不同意你的话。现在分词在句中可以充当的状语有：(1)时间状语听到那个好消息的时候，他高兴地跳了起来。hearing the good news