考研写作主题词库.doc

考研写作主题词库1. 人生哲理类2. 社会热点类3. 文化教育类4. 人与自然一、人生哲理1、合作cooperation/collaboration/teamworkcooperate with others/be in cooperation with others/be in collaboration with others/work togetherteam spirit/group spirit/community spirit团队精神active/effective/mutual/close cooperationsense of teamwork 团队意识ask for/call for/demand/seek cooperation 寻求合作take an active part in cooperation/cooperate actively 积极合作end cooperation 中止合作make concerted/joint efforts/pool ones efforts together 齐心协力solidarity and friendship 团结友爱essentially/mutually complementarywin-win/all win/win for all 共赢2、乐观、悲观optimism/optimistic/optimist/optimistic mind/optimistic attitudepessimism/pessimistic/pessimistshow/display/demonstrate optimism adopt/possess a(n) optimistic (positive) attitude (view, outlook) towards life(the problems confronting us)blind optimismexcessively/overly/wildly optimistic 过于乐观3、信心boost/enhance/improve/increase/lift/raise confidencegain/acquire confidence 获得自信rebuild/restore/regain/revive confidence 重获信心damage/weaken/undermine confidencethe lack of confidence/lack confidenceexaggerate/overestimate/overrate difficultiesunderestimate ones abilities4、进取精神/坚持：an enterprising spirit 进取精神non-stop effortsopen up new ways forward 开拓前进make progress constantlymove forward constantlymake constant effortsnever stop making progressnever give upkeep making progresskeep on striving5、尚未考到的：diligence/hard work Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance.the spirit of self-improvement 自强不息pursuit of ones dream/ambition/aspiration/a great aim (goal)innovation/creative thinking/the spirit of explorationa down-to-earth working style 踏实、实干friendship/love/mutual affection among different people/individualsshowing consideration for people around 善待身边的人indifference to other peopleself-depreciation 自卑modesty谦虚/avoid conceit and impetuosity 戒骄戒躁the mutual understanding between people (parents and their children)keep pace with the times/advance with times与时俱进rise to the occasion 迎难而上二、社会热点1、社会公德public morality 社会公德awaken/wake up moral consciousness 道德意识advocate traditional virtue/traditional moral values 弘扬传统美德(distinguished/fine traditions)duty/responsibility/obligation 责任sense of responsibilityshoulder/assume/undertake ones duty/responsibility 承担责任fulfill/discharge/perform ones duty/responsibility 履行责任avoid/evade/shirk/shun ones duty/responsibility 逃避责任devote/dedicate, devotion/dedicationselfish devotion 无私奉献the crisis of trust 信任危机decline in moral standardsthe corruption of public morality 公德堕落the lack of moral sense 道德缺失put more attention on self-interesttalk less about the sprit of sacrifice, contribution, mutual aidselfish soul 自私的灵魂immoral behaviors/conduct 不道德的行为spit everywhere 随地吐痰make noise, talk loudly 大声喧哗to respect the old and care for the young 尊老爱幼Project Hope 希望工程China Red Cross Foundation 中国红十字会charities 慈善机构donate/donationpoor rural areas/poverty-stricken areas/impoverished areasstart schooling 入学drop out of school 辍学attend schoolgo to school 上学finish school/finish ones studies完成学业wealth-flaunters/flaunt wealth炫富achievement-flaunter 2、职业道德lack of occupational self-discipline empty promise in the market promotion 空洞的承诺false promise in the market promotion 虚假承诺honesty 诚信sales of counterfeit/fake goods/commodities to consumers(反义genuine commodity)dishonest/fraudulent behaviors 欺诈行为 (put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.)misleading/distorted informationreliable/dependable/trustworthy informationacademic corruption 学术腐败plagiarism 剽窃food safety 食品安全construction quality 工程质量drainage oil 地沟油poisonous milk powder 毒奶粉unaffordable prices of medicines 药价虚高illegal adds 非法广告unfair competitions 不公平竞争administration departments 管理部门supervision departments 监管部门authorities/departments concerned有关当局、部门merchant 商人、商家manufacturer 厂家enterprise operator 企业经营者disregard laws 漠视法律shift the blame onto sb 推卸责任disregard of laws and lack of any sense of social responsibilityinfringement on consumers rights and interestsoverwhelming desire for profitsprofits weigh much more than public benefits/public goodbe in the vulnerable position（一般指消费者处于弱势的地位）perform/fulfill ones duty fairly and effectively 公正有效地履行职责3、两代关系1、 赡养父母the old/the elderly/elderly people/the senior/senior citizens/the aged/aged peopleaging society 老龄化社会aging of population人口老龄化filial piety 孝道fulfill filial duty/show filial piety to parents/practice filial piety 尽孝support (take care of, sustain) aged parents (the old and infirm parents/the old/the aged/the elderly/the senior/senior citizens) 赡养老年人show solicitude for parents 关心父母mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parentsneglect sb/show no care (concern) for sb/lack concern for sb/treat sb thoughtlesslytake (shoulder, assume) the responsibility for sthshirk (avoid, shift, abdicate) the responsibility for sthduty/obligation of the youngtraditional virtue of our nationthe wellbeing of the seniors/the heath and happiness of seniorsmake painstaking efforts/expend all ones energies 费劲心血ones later years/ones remaining years 晚年Charity begins at home. 百善孝为先2、溺爱孩子raise/breed/foster/nurture/bring up 抚养spoil children/dote on childrendoting care/parental overprotection 溺爱A child under the complete protection of parents/parental overprotection/be over loved (over protected) by parents/excessive love from their parents/over-dependence on parents/be carefully protected from hardshipfragile young peoplechildren born in the 1980s, majority of them being the only child in their family(family-planning policy)encourage him or her to think and act independentlyhelp children towards independence/self-reliancesuffer hardships/stand sufferings/bear tribulationcreate optimum conditions for childrens growththe pillar of the state3、代沟：generation gapwiden/expand generation gap (widen/expand the gap between the child and parents)narrow/bridge generation gap (narrow/bridge the gap between the child and parents)exchange ideasmutual understating/make allowance for each other 相互理解、相互体谅misunderstandingreinforce family bonds/tiesget estranged from ones family members4、啃老族boomerang kids/children (the NEET group) 啃老族 NEET的全称是（Not currently engaged in Employment, Education or Training）reap without sowing 不劳而获4、诚信危机the crisis of trustA host of dishonest behaviorsmanufacture or sell fake and inferior goods at the cost of consumers interestbogus/fake/pirate productsbogus/fake certificatespeddle the sensational storiestwist/distort the newsreturn to sincerity and faith 返璞归真keep promise 信守承诺tell right from wrong 辨别是非5、爱心warm-hearted people 热心人offer assistance/provide help 提供帮助stretch out a helping hand to people in needhelp-givers 提供帮助的人receive aid接受帮助assistance recipients 受助者6、健康physical health (fitness, well-being)mental/psychological health (fitness, well-being)improve/enhance physical/psychological healthhurt/damage physical/psychological healthbe in good/poor healthstate of health 健康状况fitness levels 健康水平a health problem 健康问题sub-health 亚健康state of mind 心态physical exercise 体育锻炼well-balanced diet 均衡饮食junk food 垃圾食品go on a diet 节食、减肥sacrifice health 牺牲健康damage/endanger ones healthimprove ones healthinfectious disease/illnesschronic disease/illnessprovide medical servicespublic health 公共卫生7、交通traffic jam/congestion, heavy traffic 交通堵塞morning and evening peak 早晚高峰rush hour 交通高峰期bus lane 公交专用车道odd-and-even license plate rule 单双号限行traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate numbers 尾号限行traffic control 交通管制car-free day 无车日private cars 私家车develop public transport 发展公共交通green commuting 绿色出行green commuter Lets green our commutedrunk driving 醉驾drive after drinking /drive under the influence of alcohol 酒驾drive when tired 疲劳驾驶traffic accidents 交通事故8、经济economic crisis/financial crisis 经济、金融危机the fallout of economic crisis/financial crisis 经济、金融危机的影响fierce/intense/furious/cut-throat competitionspur/stimulate economic developmenthinder/impede economic developmentjob market 就业市场look for/hunt for/seek a jobjob seeker a tough job market 严峻的就业形势unrealistic salary expectations/pursue a high-paid jobin the pursuit of short-term returnslack the qualities and skills required for the jobs they seekwithout/lack of practical experience/hands-on experience/practical abilities/vocational skills/career skillsgenerate/create/afford job opportunities/employment opportunitiescareer guidance 就业指导start ones own business 创业allocate money toreduce the funding forlift/elevate peoples standard of livinglower citizens standard of livingeliminate povertyexpand the gap between the wealthy and the needyslow down the pace of lifespeed up/accelerate/quicken the pace of lifeincrease/expand domestic demandstimulate/spur/reduce consumptionpractice economy 实行节约三、文化和教育类1、文化交流、融合cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange文化交流(frequent/constant/common cultural exchanges between different countries)The cultural blending/the cultural integration/the cultural fusion文化融合The integration/blending/combination/fusion/collision of worldwide (global) culturesfusion of East and West/integration of Chinese and Western culturestraditional Chinese culture/national culture (Each national culture is a component of international culture)alien/foreign culturecultural identity 文化特性cultural diversity 文化多样性multiculturalism 多元文化the co-existence of multi-cultures2、中国传统文化traditional Chinese culture as priceless spiritual treasurea long and colorful/splendid Chinese culturesplendid and glorious cultural heritage/legacy/relics 辉煌灿烂的文化遗产oriental glamour(charm)/the glamour (charm) of our cultureinvaluable/priceless spiritual treasure/wealth of all human beingsChinese cultural symbols 中国文化的符号the unique characteristics/feature of each culture (possess unique characteristics/feature)the inheritance and development of culture from one generation to anothershow respect for/show honor to our own cultureadvocate/carry forward traditional culturegain deeper insight into/have a deeper understanding of/get a clear perspective of our own culturepreserve and cherish traditions ignore/disregard traditionsundermine traditionsstrengthen the cultural identity of a nation rather than erode the cultural identity of a nationInterpretation of classics can promote cultural development positively.Soft power Kung Fu 功夫Peking/Beijing opera 京剧 (outdated)Tang Suit 唐装traditional Chinese medicine (not scientific)folk art民间艺术paper-cut剪纸traditional Chinese philosophyBuddhism 佛Confucianism儒/Confucius孔子/Confucius Institute 孔子学院Humanity/Benevolence 仁Taoism 道Rite 礼Butterfly Lovers 梁祝classical balletthe Swan Lake 天鹅湖Enlightenment from the west 启蒙Chinese craze 中国热upsurge of Chinese craze3、流行文化网络The Internet/the virtual net/the virtual world/the virtual net world /the cyber spaceInformation superhighwayWith the advent/dawn of the Internet (era/age)the widespread/extensive use of the Interneta global villageloyal/hardcore/frequent Internet users (netizens)web/net/online addiction (net indulgence)click the mousepress keys on the keyboardInternet cafuse the Internet/go on the Internet/surf the Internet (online)/have access to the Internet/linger online 上网visit/log in a website download something from the Internet buy something on the Internet online shopping/banking chat/shop/book onlinemake friends onlinechat onlineonline gossiponline gamesonline job application group/integrate buying/purchase 团购广告the pervasive advertisements/advertising/commercials on TVadvertiser/advertisea newspaper/magazine/TV/Internet/full-page advertisements Poster/Billboard/Flyerput/place an advertisement in newspaper/websitedisplay advertisements 播放广告implant/insert ads 植入广告be overwhelmed with advertisementsemerge at the intervals between programsbe inserted in programs, separating the whole into short piecesbe implanted as a segment of programsthe main channel/source of revenue for TV stationsmisleading/distorted/fraudulent information in TV commercialsthe State Administration of Radio, Film and Television 广电总局introduce/impose restrictions on advertisements偶像idol worship/star worship/star chasing/idolatry 偶像崇拜superstar followers/crazy fans of the stars 追星族affect ones studies/schoolwork 影响某人的学业run wild/become so hard to control 变得不听管教drop out/leave off ones studies 辍学grow up in good health 健康成长4、教育schooling 学校教育life-long education 终身教育compulsory education 义务教育exam/test-oriented (driven) education 应试教育education for all-round development 素质教育well-rounded development of a child 全面发展balanced development of a child 均衡发展promote the students physical, mental(intellectual) and emotional developmentforce-feeding method of teaching 填鸭式教学force-feed the studentsStudents should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideaslearn sth by rote 死记硬背learn sth through understandingimpart knowledge 传授知识acquire (gain) knowledge/skillsinstill high moral valuesacademic/theoretical knowledgepractical skillsequip oneself with academic knowledge and practical skillsintegrate theory with practicedisconnect theory from practiceshape/mould ones characterextra-curricular activities 课外活动the spirit of explorationcultivate (nurture, foster) creative/original thinkingthink independently and criticallystifle/constrain/extinguish creativityfollow sth blindly/indiscriminatelydampen the students enthusiasm/frustrate the studentsbroaden/expand ones vision/outlook/horizons 开阔眼界stimulate ones interest in sthsap/dampen students interest in sthstrengthen/weaken students willpowertap ones potential 开发潜能fulfill ones potential 发挥潜能waste ones potentialgive students motivation to do sth/motivate(stimulate) students to do sth(re)kindle students enthusiasm aboutgive the students inspirationpursue post-graduate study/take part in the entrance exams for postgraduates 考研study abroad/go abroad for further education 出国留学excessive/undue academic pressure 过大的学习压力the burden of study/learning 学习负担ease/relieve academic pressureintensify academic pressureaffect academic performance 影响学习成绩academic atmosphere 学习气氛四、人与自然1、人与环境protect/preserve the environment/the preservation of environmentdestroy/destruct/ruin/devastate the environment/ the destruction of environmentenvironmental degradation/environmental deterioration/the deteriorating environmentreckless exploitation of environmentkeep the balance of ecosystem/nature (by prohibiting the actions of blind exploitation)keep ecological balancedisturb ecological balance/the serious disturbance of ecological balancemaintain/disturb harmony between human beings and the environmentmaintain/disturb harmonious coexistence between human beings and naturearouse/enhance the sense (awareness/consciousness) of environmental preservation/environmental awareness(sense/consciousness)the lack/absence of the sense (awareness/consciousness) of environmental preservation/environmental awareness(sense/consciousness)environment protectors/environmentalist/conservationistenvironment destroyerssave energy and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases 节能减排low-carbon lifestyle/“green”lifestyledevelop low-carbon economy 低碳经济environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products 环保产品clean and renewable resources清洁可再生资源（solar and wind energy）climate change 气候变化global warming 全球变暖the greenhouse effect 温室效应“holes” in the ozone layer /the thinness of the ozone layerreduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles 减少汽车尾气的排放low-emission cars小排量汽车(small-engine cars/automobiles/vehicles) high-emission cars 大排量汽车 (vehicles with high emission)public transport 公共交通green commuting 绿色出行green commuter Lets green our commuteair pollution degradation/deterioration of air qualitydischarge/emit poisonous/toxic gas 排放有毒气体PM 2.5ecological disaster/natural disasterreduce water and soil erosion(水土流失) or desertificationDeforestation has caused more sandstorms.Deforestation has turned a quarter of territory into desert.acid raindroughtsandstorm (可数)snowstorm (可数)toxic waste 有毒废物industrial waste 工业废物Industrial sewage 工业废水sewage discharge 废水排放sewage treatment 污水处理multipurpose use 综合利用white pollutionlimit/ban/prohibit the use of disposable plastic bags/packages use throwaway degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋disposable chopsticks use recyclable and reusable products rather than disposablehousehold garbage 生活垃圾garbage classification 垃圾分类throw away/discard/desert/litter waste (rubbish, garbage, trash, litter)snack bags 零食袋leftovers (必须用复数)carry out/implement sustainable development strategy 实施可持续发展战略(putinto effect)promote sustainable development rather than push forward the economy at the expense of the eco