英语复合句.doc

Part One 主句和从句之间的六种常见关系因果关系（cause and effect） 标志词类型单词解释说明原因as因为后跟从句而非只跟一个名词since due to因为后只跟名词，不跟从句owing to结果hence因此用在句首和句中都可以，如果用在句中的话，则句中用分号，后面跟它们引导的从句thusthereforeas a consequence作为结果一般用在句首，后面用逗号as a resultConsequently目的Thereby为此达到的目的不能用在句首，而且后面是加动名词（v.+ing）举例说明例句：The ecological problems are being aggravated; hence/thus/therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to combat the pollution of the environment. 生态问题正在被恶化；因此，我们必须采取措施解决环境污染。讲解: aggravate （v.）表示“导致恶化” It is imperative that = It is very important that +sb. (should) do sth.例句：The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment. 政府应该提高公众的环境保护意识，以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更适合人类生存的环境。举例关系（exemplification）标志词单词解释说明takefor example 以为例省略号里只能填名词，不能填句子for instance 比如=for examplesuch as 例如后面跟名词，注意不能用在句首This point is best illustrated with the example of这个观点可以用的例子最有力地证明。后面跟名词This point can be confirmed by the example of这个观点可以被的例子支持后面跟名词considerfor example以为例后面跟名词或者that从句都可以举例说明例句：The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films. 亚洲国家正以惊人的速度变得西方化。以中国为例，当青少年去看电影的时候，他们一般都选择好莱坞大片而不选择国产电影。讲解：domestic （adj.）国内的，家里的domestic violence 家庭暴力youngster=teenagers=adolescents 青少年对比关系标志词 单词说明while用在句首或者句中，表示主句和从句的对比whilstwhereasby/in contrast,用在句首，表示它之前一个句子和它后面引导的句子之间的对比举例说明例句：While/Whilst modern man leads a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion. 现代人类生活压力很大，而我们的祖先却可以比较悠闲地从事他们的事务。例句：The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality. 大城市的教育和医疗设施多数都很先进。相比之下，他们在乡村的对应设施多半质量较差。让步关系（concession）标志词单词解释说明despite尽管后面跟名词或者代词in spite ofnot with standingnonetheless尽管如此后面直接跟完整的句子neverthelesseven though尽管很多时候可以替换although,后面跟从句，表示对已存在的状况让步even if即使后面跟从句，表示对还没有发生的状况的让步举例说明例句：In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied.例句：The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; nonetheless, pri