高三英语 基础知识必备 专题四 代词.doc

代词一、代词的用法命题规律一、代词是每年必考，贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下，强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而，在复习中要注意总结、归纳，特别应熟记一批有特点的例句，以加深印象，更加准确地把握其用法。三、平时要多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。代词高考常考点（1）人称代词：人称代词作主语一般用主格形式，做宾语用宾格形式，作表语用主格形式，做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语，作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意：人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。（2）反身代词：反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。（3） 指示代词：指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点：this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用i或you。 this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。（4）不定代词：表示两者“都”用both，表示两者“都不”用neither/nor，表示两者中的“任一”用either。表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，no one, neither, nobody, nothing等表示多者中的“任一”用any。all单独使用，或者后接一个定语从句，或者前面有物主代词时，意为everything或the only thing(s)。another或“another单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others或“other复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有someothers(一些另一些)之搭配。the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个，常有onethe other(一个另一个)的搭配；其复数形式the others或“the other 复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another还可用于“another基数词或few复数名词”中，与“数词或somemore/other 复数名词”相当。everything(一切事，最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每个人，所有人); something(某事，重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(某/有人，重要的人); anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人，无论谁，重要的人); nothing(没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(没有人，不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语，如for nothing(徒劳，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，等等。（5）代词it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法：代词one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词，但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物（复数用ones,主格和宾格相同）；而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品（复数用they（主格）和them（宾格）。one(ones)和that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词，但使用时应注意：替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词，或者重复那个名词，但不可用one来代替。替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可，但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词）；特指时用that（相当于the+名词）。one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语，也可以有后置修饰语（of短语除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修饰语，它（们）的修饰语只能后置。后跟of短语时，一般只能用that(those)。【例1】jane was walking round the department store. she remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable christmas present for her father. 【解析】it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose。【例2】she did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _. 【方法总结】句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。二、代词在高考中的考查形式专题预测4代词【近2年新课标全国卷高考统计分析】年份没有提示词(纯空格)有提示词冠词代词连接词介词动词词类转换比较等级从句并列谓语非谓语2015（新课标全国i）0110122212015（新课标全国ii）1010113302014（新课标全国i）1011012312014（新课标全国ii）010112320【近3年高考试题剖析】1.2015全国卷a few hours later， id been at home in hong kong, with 63._(it) choking smog.【答案】its【解析】63its 考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。2.2014新课标全国卷a woman on the bus shouted, “oh, dear! its _69_(i)(2014广东卷第16题) last year, my brother and i went to miami for a vacation. some of my friends who had been there before said _16_ was a wonderful holiday destination.【答案】16.it【解析】考查代词。it指miami。4.(2012广东卷第25题) “do you need those glasses for medical reasons？” the teacher asked. then he took _25_ off, gave a big smile and said, “thats cool. ”【答案】25. them【解析】考查代词。代替上文提到的glasses(眼镜)，作宾语，用代词them。【2016高考模拟预测训练】1. starving, they had to eat each other to survivethough this picture makes 51 look heroic rather than violent.【答案】51them【解析】考查代词。根据上文内容可知此处指代the survivors of the wreck on a raft，做make的宾语，用宾格形式。短语：make sb do sth，答案填them。2. “mum, why does that man have a radio even though hes homeless?” i asked. “he bought 46 ,” she replied.【答案】46it。【解析】考查学生在语境中正确使用代词的能力，指代上文同一物。3. when the flood subsided two days later, nancy immediately went back to the highlandlizzie was gone. _51_ was one of the 19 cows that nancy lost【答案】51. she【解析】句意是：她是nancy 丢失的19头牛之一。此处用拟人的写法故填she 。4. but one year, the spirit of qu appeared and told the mourners that a huge reptile (爬行动物)in the river had stolen the rice. the spirit then advised _50_ to wrap the rice and bind it _51_ throwing it into the river.【答案】50. them【解析】屈原的魂灵建议人们把米包起来在捆扎上在扔到河里。故填them指往河里扔稻米的人。5. the place where i work kindly provides food for all attendants. however, what bothers _43_ is that they throw away all leftovers and there are usually lots!6. “ 48 was january of 1960,” he said, “and according to the prognosis, i had a winter and spring and summer 49 (live) through, and would die with the fall of the leaf.”【答案】48it 【解析】考查it用法。it可知指代时间，距离。7. during one of these visits i was holding her hand while she slept. when she awoke, her eyes stared at me and i could tell she didnt recognize 50 . 【答案】50me【解析】考查代词。从语境可知此处是指作者，因作宾语，用人称代词宾格形式。8. irish people lift birthday children upside down and hit them 48 (light) on the floor for every year of 49 age.【答案】49. their【解析】考查形容词性的物主代词。根据语境可知，该处句意为：他们过几岁生日，就把他们往地上轻撞几下。故该空填their。9. but later in the evening, he told me he had received _5 message saying that he had been employed by the company.【答案】5. another【解析】那天傍晚的时候，儿子告诉我，他又收到一个短信说他被录取了。另一个another 。10. the cameras remind them they have to behave 47 , which makes them unhappy.【答案】47themselves【解析】在固定短语中考查反身代词。behave oneself：表现好；行为得体。故该题正确答案为themselves.三、2016届代词模拟试题演练1.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式按序号填写到短文后的相应位置。【内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学2016届高三9月质量检测】once, in a lovely garden, lived the most beautiful butterfly in the world. she was so pretty, and had won so many beauty competitions1she had become very proud. one day, a naughty cockroach (蟑螂) got fed up with her showing off, and decided2(teach) her a lesson. she went to see the butterfly, and in front of everyone she told her that she wasnt really that beautiful, and that the butterfly only won the competitions3the judges had been paid. in4(real), the cockroach was the most beautiful. the butterfly was angry and told the cockroach, “i5(beat) you in a beauty competition, with whichever judges you choose.” “ok, i accept. see you on saturday,” answered the cockroach, and left6waiting for a reply. that saturday everyone went to7beauty competition. the butterfly arrived completely confident of victory until she saw8the judges were: cockroaches, worms, beetles. all of9preferred the ugliness and bad smell of the cockroach. the butterfly was left10(sob) and disappointed, wanting never to enter another beauty competition in her life. fortunately, the cockroach forgave the butterfly for her pride and they became friends. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【答案】 1.【小题1】that 2.【小题2】to teach3.【小题3】because 4【小题4】reality5.【小题5】will beat6.【小题6】without7.【小题7】the8.【小题8】who 9.【小题9】them10.【小题10】sobbing 【解析】1.【小题1】that so.that.太.以致于-。她赢得了太多的美丽比赛,以致它变得非常骄傲.故填that。【名师点拨】状语从句在语法填空中的考查语法填空考查状语从句，主要是考查引导词。状语从句共有9种。1.时间状语从句 常见的引导词有：when/while/as/before/after/since/until/as soon as等。2.条件状语从句 常见的引导词有：if/unless/once/as long as等。3.地点状语从句 常见的引导词有：where/wherever4.原因状语从句 常见的引导词有：because/as/since5.结果状语从句 常见的引导词有：so-that-/such-that-。6.目的状语从句 常见的引导词有：so that/in order that.7.方式状语从句 常见的引导词有：as if/as though/just as8.比较状语从句 常见的引导词有：than/as-as-/not as(so)-as-.9.让步状语从句 常见的引导词有：though/although/while/even if/even though/whatever/no matter what.考点：考查语法填空2.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 【吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2016届高三上学期第三次模拟】i was nine years old when i learnt to ride a bike. the bike was a birthday present from my uncle. you can imagine how 76 (excite)i was when i saw the bike, and i begged my uncle to teach me how 77 (ride) it right away. however, before i got on the bike, i felt 78 (extreme) nervous and l was afraid that l would fall off and hurt 79 (me). my uncle held onto the seat and helped me to get 80 the bike. while l was riding, he was running along beside me, holding the seat so i would