翻译疑问句.doc

翻译疑问句一基本用法与结构翻译疑问句主要由两部分组成：前一部分陈述句，后一部分简短的疑问句（陈述句+简单疑问句）；第一部分提出看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实 两部分的人称和时态要保持一致原则：陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式 陈述部分为否定时，疑问部分用肯定1. 一般情况 Youre a student , arent you ? Miss Xu is a nurse, isnt she?（附加疑问句中的主语用主格） He can speak English , cant he ? He came early, didnt he ? He likes English , doesnt he ?2. 特殊情况 (a) 当陈述句部分含seldom hardly never few little barely (几乎不) scarcely (几乎不) rarely (很少) nothing 等否定词或半否定词，疑问部分用肯定式He has few friends here , has he ?She said nothing , did she ?He can hardly swim , can he ?They seldom come late, do they ? (b) 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀un - dis - no 或者否定后缀 less 等表示否定意义的词如unhappy dislike unfriendly 等，则看作肯定句处理，疑问句仍用否定式The girl dislikes history, doesnt she ?It is unfair , isnt it ?He looks unhappy , doesnt he ?It is impossible, isnt it ?2、 翻译疑问句的主句问题1. 基本原则：疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致，且只能是代词 Mary is a nurse ,isnt she ?2. 当陈述部分为there be 句型时，疑问部分用there 作主语，即be +there There was nothing in the room , was there ?3. 当陈述部分的主语是提示代词时，疑问部分用it they 等代词 That is a new car ,isnt it ?4. 当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时，即somebody, someone ,everyone ,no one , nobody 等复合不定代词，其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he , 在口语中用they Nobody was late , was he ? 当陈述部分的主语是something anything nothing everything 等不定代词时，反意疑问句主语用it Everything is ready, isnt it ? Nothing is important , is it ?3 陈述部分有have 的反意疑问句 1.当have 为助动词时， 其反意疑问句用同样的助动词He has already left,hasnt he ? 2. 当have 为实意动词时，要分两种情况讨论 A.若表示所有，反意疑问句可以用have 也可以用do He has a lot of friends here , hasnt (doesnt ) he ? B. 若表示吃玩等意思，反意疑问句要用do He has supper at 5 , doesnt he? He had a good time at the party, didnt he ?4 含情态动词的反意疑问句 1 基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含情态动词时，疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词 He can speak English , cant he ? We shouldnt go, should we ? 2. 当陈述部分含有must 时， 分情况讨论 A.若must 表示必须或有必要， 疑问部分用mustnt / neednt You must leave at once , mustnt you ? 但陈述部分有mustnt 表示禁止，疑问部分则要用must You mustnt laugh, must you ? B. 若must 表示推测，疑问部分不能用must ,而应根据must 后的动词采用相应的动词形式 He must be tired , isnt he ?5 陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句1 基本原则 若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用will you Please help us, will you ? Give me a hand , will you ? Come with us , will you ? Dont forget to post the letter , will you ?2. 当祈使句为lets 时，疑问句部分必须用shall we Lets go there together ,shall we ?6 陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句1. 当陈述部分谓语为think (believe suppose expect imagine ) that 等时，疑问部分通常与从句主谓保持一致 I think that it is too short , isnt it ?(否定的后移）当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属于否定句，故后面的简短问句用肯定形式I dont believe that he can translate this book, can he?I dont think he will come , will he ?(注) 这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think 等动词为一般现在时的情形7 几种特殊情况的反意疑问句 1. Im wrong , arent i ? 2. I wish to go with them , may I ? 3. 当陈述部分有had better 时，疑问部分用hadnt 八 反意疑问句回答 They work hard , dont they ? Yes , they do They dont work hard , do they ? Yes they do . He can speak English, cant he? （附加疑问句中的主语用主格）He came