外文翻译--一些离合器的简介

附 录 A Little Brief Introduction Of Clutch Nowadays the pioneers of the clutch disc, clutch disc is more pieces of it until 1925 later. The multi-gear clutch main advantage is that car started the clutch engagement is no impact on the smooth. Early in the design, layout design, according to slice pairs of a steel plate with a bronze blanks. Using the friction pair of pure metal, put them in oil, can achieve more satisfactory performance. As the power to combustion in mechanical transmission automobiles, clutch is as an independent assembly. The clutch is usually served in the engine and transmission, the active part between connected with engine flywheel, driven and transmission. Various types of cars for widespread adoption of friction clutch, in fact, is a kind of depend on their part, driven to relay the friction between the power and the separation. The major function of the clutch is cut off and the realization of the engine and transmission, to ensure smooth, stable car When the shift in the engine and transmission of separation, reduce transmission gear shift between the impact, Work in the dynamic load is larger, can limit the transmission of maximum torque, in order to prevent the transmission parts of a damaged by overload, Reducing effectively the transmission of the vibration and noise. In the early development of clutch structures, the most successful conical clutch. It was the prototype design in 1889 German Daimler company production of steel wheel on the car. It is to make the engine flywheel hole taper as clutch active. The taper clutch scheme continues to the middle of the twentieth century, when the manufacture, cone-shaped clutch friction relatively simple, easy to repair. It was used LuoMao friction material, leather belt, etc. Then have been hoof - drum clutch, its structure in the solid-bowl clingy reaches hoof. Hoof - drum clutch friction components with wood, leather belt is such, shoe - drum clutch weight is light cone clutch. Whatever tapered clutch or hoof - drum clutch, easy to cause the separation is not complete appear even Lord, follower cannot separate self-locking phenomenon. Years of practical experience and technical improvement makes people tend to preferred dry friction clutch single chip, because it has driven part of inertia, good heat, simple structure, convenient adjustment, compact size, etc, but also because completely in structure, already can take action to smooth, so now junction disc is widely used in large, medium and small various models. Now monolithic dry type clutch in structural design is quite perfect. Using the axial elastic platen, improve the clutch of comfort. The clutch platen assembly installed in reverse, prevent the transmission system of shock of torsional resonances, reduced the transmission system of noise and load. As the car comfort requirements, clutch in original basis has been obtained by car, by continuously improved by increasing the quality of the flywheel has double shock absorber, can turn better reduce transmission noise. Due to heavy clutch, commercial, engine power tends to large-scale increasing, but the size of the space increased clutch allows the use of limited, clutch, cool, increase conditions to improve ability, preaching clutch torsion life-span, simplify the operation has become the development trend of the heavy clutch. In order to improve the ability of torsion, in heavy vehicles can be used on double dry type clutch. Theoretically, in the same radial dimensions, biplate clutch torsion ability and the service life is 2 times of single chip. But other objective factors, the actual effects of low value than others. In recent years, the wet clutch on technology improvement, some heavy cart in abroad and start using multiple wet clutch. Compared with dry type clutch, due to the use of the pump are forced cooling, friction surface temperature is lower than 93 degrees Celsius (not), therefore, long time also does not start sliding friction loss. Refer to the information at home and abroad were told that this clutch can use dry type clutch of 5-6 times, but the advantages of the wet clutch play must be in a temperature range, more than it can achieve a temperature range will play a negative effects. Now this technology is not perfect. 一些离合器的简介 现今所用的盘式离合器的先驱是多片盘式离合器，它是直到 1925 年以后才出现的。多片离合器最主要的优点是，汽车起步时离合器的接合比较平顺，无冲击。早期的设计中，多片按成对布置设计，一个钢盘片对着一青铜盘片。采用纯粹的金属的摩擦副，把它们浸在油中工作，能达到更为满意的性能。 以内燃机在作为动力的机械传动汽车中，离合器是作为一个独立的总成而存在的。离合器通常装在发动机与变速器之间，其主动部分与发动机飞轮相连，从动部分与变速器相连。为各类型汽车所广泛采用的摩擦离合器，实际上是一种依靠其主、从动部分间的 摩擦来传递动力且能分离的机构。离合器的主要功用是切断和实现发动机与传动系平顺的接合，确保汽车平稳起步；在换挡时将发动机与传动系分离，减少变速器中换档齿轮间的冲击；在工作中受到较大的动载荷时，能限制传动系所承受的最大转矩，以防止传动系个零部件因过载而损坏；有效地降低传动系中的振动和噪音。 在早期研发的离合器结构中，锥形离合器最为成功。它的原型设计曾装在1889 年德国戴姆勒公司生产的钢制车轮的小汽车上。它是将发动机飞轮的内孔做成锥体作为离合器的主动件。采用锥形离合器的方案一直延续到 20 世纪 20年代中叶， 对当时来说，锥形离合器的制造比较简单，摩擦面容易修复。它的摩擦材料曾用过骆毛带、皮革带等。那时曾出现过蹄 -鼓式离合器，其结构有利于在离心力作用下使蹄紧贴鼓面。蹄 -鼓式离合器用的摩擦元件是木块、皮革带等，蹄 -鼓式离合器的重量较锥形离合器轻。无论锥形离合器或蹄 -鼓式离合器，都容易造成分离不彻底甚至出现主、从动件根本无法分离的自锁现象。 多年的实践经验和技术上的改进使人们逐渐趋向于首选单片干式摩擦离合器，因为它具有从动部分转动惯量小、散热性好、结构简单、调整方便、尺寸紧凑、分离彻底等优点，而且由于在结构上 采取一定措施，已能做到接合盘式平顺，因此现在广泛采用于大、中、小各类车型中。 如今单片干式离合器在结构设计方面相当完善。采用具有轴向弹性的从动盘，提高了离合器的接合平顺性。离合器从动盘总成中装有扭转减振器，防止了传动系统的扭转共振，减小了传动系统噪声和载荷。 随着人们对汽车舒适性要求的提高，离合器已在原有基础上得到不断改进，乘用车上愈来愈多地采用具有双质量飞轮的扭转减振器，能更好地降低传动系的噪声。 对于重型离合器，由于商用车趋于大型化，发动机功率不断加大，但离合器允许加大尺寸的空间 有限，离合器的使用条件日酷一日，增加离合器传扭能力，提高使用寿命，简化操作，已成为重型离合器当前的发展趋势。为了提高离合器的