m6u3grammar.doc

宿豫区实验高中高二英语备课组 张立军虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气.虚拟语气是英语语法中的难点。考生应主要掌握虚拟语气在下列情况下的用法： 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法；在宾语从句中的用法； 在状语从句中的用法；及主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中的用法；在一些特殊句型中的用法等。一、用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气。If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与过去事实相反had donewould have done与现在事实相反did/werewould do与将来事实相反did/wereshould dowere to dowould do注意点： 1. 省略If 当条件状语从句的谓语含有were, had, should时，可以将它们放在句首，省略if。1. If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. =Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 2. If you were the manager here, what would you do? =Were you the manger here, what would you do?If it should rain /Should it rain tomorrow(如果明天下雪), we would put off our celebration.If you had attended_/_Had you attended the lecture(如果你听了讲座), you could have known the special customs.2. 错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句, 动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整1）If he had followed the doctors advice，he would recover already如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）2）If I were(be) you，I wouldnt have missed (not miss) the film last night3) If the boy hadnt saved (not save) this afternoon, his family wouldnt be (not be) in peace now.4) If you worked (work) hard now, you would get (get) a good job in the future.5) If he hadnt been caught (not catch) in the rain yesterday, he wouldnt be (not be) ill now.二 虚拟语气用于某些从句中的情况：1）在主语从句中在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中，由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式should + 动词原形或是动词原形。 这类形容词/ 名词常见的有： important（重要的）, necessary(必要的）, strange（奇怪的）, natural（自然的）, essential（绝对必要的）, urgent（紧急的）, advisable(明智的), regretful（遗憾的）,duty（义务、责任）, a pity（遗憾）, no wonder（难怪）, a regret（遗憾）：It is strange that he say (say) so .It is a great pity that you think (think) so. It is natural that a bird _rest (rest) in trees. It is necessary that he be sent (send) to Beijing right away. 另外，下列结构中主语从句的谓语动词也要求用虚拟语气： It is ordered that (根据命令、要求) , It is proposed that (人们建议)It is desired that (最好、需要) , It is requested that (人们要求)It is suggested that (有人建议)It is recommended that (有人推荐)It is demanded that (根据要求) ,等。例如：It is suggested that the English evening be held (hold) on Saturday. 2)在宾语从句中一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should +v，或者将should省略。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。(order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire)He proposed that we set (set) a deadline for the complement of the plan .They requested that we send (send) a delegation to their country. I suggested that he set_(set) off for our headquarters straightaway .注意：当insist表示“坚持说”suggest表示“表明，显示”时不用虚拟语气。 The look on his face suggested that he was (be) quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was (be) honest. 3) 在表语从句和同位语从句中名词suggestion（建议）, proposal（提议）, order（命令）, recommendation（推荐），advice (建议) 等后面所接的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用(should) + 动词原形：My suggestion is that he _leave_ (leave) for London at once .What do you think of his proposal that we _put (put) on a play at the English evening? 4) 在状语从句中as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从句，如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 过去用had done, 现在用did/were, 将来用would doThey are talking as if they had been (be) friends for years. The teacher treats the students as if they were (be) his own children.They are talking and talking as if they wouldnt meet_(not meet) again5) 在It is (high) time that sb did/were sth从句中 该是的时候了, It is time that we got (get) ready for the final examination.It is high time that we had (have) our lunch.6) 在If only/wish从句中 要是就好了、但愿 过去：had done 现在：did/were 将来：would doIf only he would find (find) a satisfactory job after his graduation.If only I were (be) a rich man now.If only he had come (come) this morning.7) would rather that “宁愿” 过去：had done 现在/将来：did/wereI would rather you paid (pay) me now.I would rather you had gone (go) yesterday.Dont come. I would rather you came (come) tomorrow.一：动词填空1. If I (be) you, I would go there with him.2. If I _ (work) hard in the school, I (be) a college student now.3. he (follow)your advice, he would have passed the examinations.4. If you (not come) here tomorrow, we _ (cancel) the meeting.5. If mother (have) $10 yesterday, she _ (buy) me a present.6. -If he _ (warn), he _ (not take) that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.7. You didnt let me drive. If we _ (drive) in turn, you _(not get) so tired.8. If you _ _ (take) your medicine yesterday, you (be)well now.选择题：1. We demanded that we _ of any change in the plan.A) informed B) would be informed C) be informed D) had been informed2. Its necessary that he _ a recognized qualification.A) has B) have C) had D) having3. Its high time we _ our attention to this problem.A) turned B) turn C) had turned D) would turn4. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.A) didnt told B) hadnt told C) would not tell D) would have not told5.Much labor would have been saved if the electronic computers_ before.A) had invented B) were invented C) should have been invented D) had been invented6. _ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.A) Were they to B) Could they C) If they D) Would they7. You _ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.A) shouldnt have washed B) mustnt have washed C) can not have washed D) neednt have washed8. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got9. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.A) were not played B) not to play C) not be played D) did not play10. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone11. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project.A) be collected B) must be collected C) was collected D) can be collected12. If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would approve13. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience.A) is assigned B) will be assigned C) be assigned D) has been assigned14. You _ her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks.A) neednt have seen B) must have seen C) might have seen D) couldnt have seen15. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.A) is not started B) will not be started C) not be started D) is not to be started16. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A) could have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) have slept17. I _ her to the party but I didnt know her well.A) ought have invited B) would have invited C) should invite D) may have invited18. You _ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.A) neednt go B) should not go C) had better not go D) neednt have gone19. With all