英语词汇学——反义词.ppt

反义词Antonymy n t n m 11级师范二班向越 Antonymy dealswithsemanticopposition语义对立Definition Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaning P131 para2 line1 SixClasses1 contradictoryterms矛盾 complementaries互补反义词2 contraryterms对立3 relativeterms关系4 reverseterms逆反 converses逆反反义词5 contrastedterms对比6 incompatibles互斥 I Complementaries互补反义词 Definition trulyrepresentoppositenessofmeaning 意义的对立TwoCharacteristics 1 Theassertionofoneisthedenialoftheother非此即彼 2 Nongradable无等级性 1 Theassertionofoneisthedenialoftheother非此即彼 thereisnomiddlegroundbetweenthem e g Alive deadHeisalive HeisnotdeadHeisdead Heisnotalive male femaleboy girlpresent absenttrue falsesame differentimperfect perfect AB 半死不活 2 Nongradable无等级cannotbeusedincomparative比较级orsuperlative最高级degreese g Heismoredead Heisthemostsingle cannotbemodifiedbyadverbsofintensity程度副词likeverye g Heisvery extremelysingle II Contraries相对反义词 gradableantonymys等级性反义词 ascalerunningbetweentwopolesorextremes在两极中间游动的标尺Threecharacteristics Gradable等级性 Relative相对 Subjective主观 Middleground中间状态 1 Gradable等级性 themembersofapairdifferintermsofdegree Thedenialofoneisnotnecessarilytheassertionoftheother excellentgoodbadterribleSo thesewordscanbe1 usedincomparativeandsuperlativedegrees2 modifiedbyadverbsofintensitylikeverye g Amanisveryrich Amanisricherthantheother 2 Relative Subjective e g Sue shouseisbigandMary shouseissmall Sue shouseisbiggerthanMary s Anne shouseisbigandSue shouseissmall Anne shouseisbiggerthanSue s Sue Mary Anne Relative相对 Subjective主观 However wecanalsosaythat Mary shouseisrelativelybignowthanbefore consideringthefactthatthattherearefewerpeoplelivingwithher 主观上Mary觉得房子更大了 因为住的人少了 2 Relative Subjective 3 Middleground中间状态 Adj oldmiddle agedyoungopenajar半掩closerichwell to do小康poorhotwarmcoolcoldbeautifulgood lookingplain平常ugly Verb Lovehateattachmentlikingindifferenceantipathy依恋喜欢漠不关心反感 Converse是什么 匡威 鞋子 Converse不仅仅是匡威更是 逆反反义词 III Converses逆反反义词 Twokinds 1 Relationalopposites关系反义词 2 Reverseterms逆反词 1 Relationalopposites关系反义词 Thepairsofwordsindicatesuchareciprocalsocialrelationship社会关系thatoneofthemcannotbeusedwithoutsuggestingtheother 相互依存e g parent childhusband wifepredecessor前任 successor继任employer employeeguest host 2 Reverseterms逆反词 Thistypealsoincludes whichcompriseadj andadv signifyingaqualityorverbsandnounssignifyinganactorstatethatreversethequality actionorstateoftheother e g sell buyAsellssth toB BbuysitfromABbuyssth fromA AsellsittoBgive receiveAgivesagifttoB BreceivesitfromABreceivesagiftfromA AgivesittoB Twowordsofeachpairareinterdependent相互依存andpresupposingtheother互为前提 Distinguish Converses逆反 Complementaries互补 Converses relational