河北省武邑中学高考英语一轮复习 Unit1 Great scientists导学案 新人教版必修5.doc

河北省武邑中学2016届高考英语一轮复习 unit1 great scientists导学案 新人教版必修5john snow defeats “king gholera”john snow was a famous doctor in london so expert, indeed, that he attended queen victoria 1._her personal physician. but he became 2._(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people 3._ (expose) to cholera. this was the deadly disease of its day. neither its cause 4._its cure was understood. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. john snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. he knew that cholera would never be controlled 5._ its cause was found.he became interested in two theories 6. _ possibly explained how cholera killed people. the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. the second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the 7. _(affect) person died.john snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. so when another outbreak hit london in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. as the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. he was determined to find out why.first he marked on a map the exact places 8. _all the dead people had lived. this gave him a 9._(value)clue about the cause of the disease. many of the deaths were near the water pump in broad street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). he also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 broad street and 8 and 8 cambridge street) had had no deaths. he had not 10. _ (foresee) this, so he made further investigations. he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 cambridge street. they had been given free beer and so had not 11._ (drink)the water from the pump. it seemed that the water was to blame.next, john snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. he found that it came from the river 12._ (pollute) by the dirty water from london. he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. soon afterwards the disease slowed down. he had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.in another part of london, he found 13._ (support) evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the broad street outbreak. a woman, 14._ had moved away from broad street, liked the water from the pump 15._ much that she had it 16._(deliver) to her house every day. both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. 17._ this extra evidence, john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.to prevent this 18._ happening again, john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies 19._(be) examined. the water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. finally “king cholera” was defeated.using languagecopernicus revolutionary theorynicolaus copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. yet he could not tell anyone about his theory 20._ the powerful christian church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. they believed god had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.the problem 21._(arise) because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. this was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. he had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. but only his new theory could do that. so between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.in 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. the changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. he also suggested that the earth was 22._(spin) as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the 23._(bright) of the stars. his friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but copernicus was cautious. he did not want to be attacked by the christian church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.certainly he was right to be careful. the christian church rejected his theory, saying it was against gods idea and people 24._ supported it would be attacked. yet copernicus theory is now the basis 25._ all our ideas of the universe are built. his theory replaced the christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because god created the earth as the centre of the universe. copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of isaac newton, albert einstein and stephen hawking.自学加油站1. put forward: 提出an interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around mars has been put forward. put on穿上;戴上;增加put out熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)put up with忍受 put down写下来;放下； put off 耽误; 延期 put up举起，搭建，张贴，留宿2. conclude: 得出结论,推论出; 结束，终止； from his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a heavy smoker.conclusionn.结论in conclusion to conclude 最后，总之得出结论的几种表达:arrive at a conclusion; come to a conclusion; draw a conclusion; reach a conclusion3. expose: vt. 显露；暴露；揭露 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下he exposed his skin to the sun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. the old man was left exposed to wind and rain.【演练】_ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体) of genes in human bodies.abeing exposed bhaving exposed cexposed dafter being exposed4. cure: vt. & n. 治疗,痊愈cure sb of a diseasealthough the boy was beyond cure, his parents tried to cure him of bad habits.a cure for a disease aspirin is said to be a wonderful cure for the pain.a cure for sth.: to remove a problem, or improve a bad situation解决问题，改善困境the prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.辨析cure与treat cure主要指痊愈，强调的是结果 treat强调治疗过程，指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或疾病，不强调结果。5. suspect: vt. 怀疑，猜疑n. 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人she suspected him of taking her money.她怀疑是他拿了她的钱.以为，猜想we suspected that he had finished doing his homework.6. blame v. 责备；谴责；把归咎于 n. 过失；责备 blame sb. / sth. for sth.: 因而指责they blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把归咎于: the police blamed the traffic accident on jacks careless driving.its no use blaming our defeat on him. (be) to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；承担责任which driver was to blame for the accident? take the blame承担责任he is ready to take the blame for what had happened.7. instruct: 老工人对我们进行言传身教的指导:the old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds. instruction: n. 说明(书)always read the instructions on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.8. construct-construction:n. 建造，建设，构筑under construction / repair / discussion在建设/维修/讨论中9. contribute: vt. & vi捐献，贡献，捐助 contribute to 有助于，造成= lead to; result in plastic bags are provided for our convenience but they have also contribute to the pollution of the environment.contribute sth. to把捐赠给,给投稿，为贡献 make a contribution to为做贡献10.make sense: 讲得通，有意义;make sense of理解no matter how i tried to read it, the sentence does not make any sense to me.can you make sense of what i said / what the writer is saying?11. cautious: careful to avoid danger or risks. 小心的; 谨慎的; _caution_(n)be cautious of / about对谨慎，慎重(带有提防、迟疑的心理)12. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. every time 可以作连词，引导时间状语从句。every time i read the novel, i have a better understanding of the characters. 与every time作连词用时相类似的还有：the first/last time; each time; any time; the moment/ minute/second/instant; directly; immediately13. he knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.not until 位于句首，主句应部分倒装。 not until i came home last night did mum go to bed 【拓展】 control 短语归纳 beyond control 无法控制 be in control of sth 控制 be out of control 失去控制lose control of sth 失去对.的控制 gain/take/seize control of 取得了对的控制 14.the second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.【考点一】1）suggest 作“表明，暗示”讲时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。her pale face suggested that she was ill.2) suggest 作”建议”讲时，宾语从句多用虚拟语气“should+v”,should 可省。all of them suggested the work (should) be started at once(工作马上开始).3) suggest +ving he suggested taking the children to the zoo(带孩子去动物园).4）suggestion n.建议【c】/ advice【u】 提建议make a suggestion/give advice these suggestions didnt appeal to me.【考点二】 absorb vt. 吸收，吸引，使专心 this kind of paper absorbs ink.【拓展】1) absorb 可表示“接受（看法、知识等）”如：the clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.2) be absorbed in 被吸引住，使专注于,聚精会神（做某事）my son was absorbed in the movie and didnt hear my call.15. a woman, who had moved away from broad street, liked the water so much that she had it delivered from the pump to her house every day.a.)have sth done 1) 使（让，请）别人做某事，表示的动作是别人做的。2) 遭遇到某事 worke