Unit7 复旦 研究生综合英语(1)(修订版).ppt

U7 AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher sReference TextTheTryingTwenties Warm upActivities FurtherReading SpeakingSkills AdditionalWork Warm upActivities Warm up1 1 Whatdoes thetryingtwenties mean Whyisthetwentiesa trying period Here trying meansstrainingone spowerofendurance sothephrasemeansthatthetwentiesisaperiodinwhichpeopleundergomanyordealsthatwilltempertheirwillpowerandmakethemmoremature Twenty somethingsarepresentedwithnumeroustaskswhichtheyarenotyetequippedtodealwith Forexample toprepareforacareer tofindamentorwhowillguideyouthroughlife tofindamatewithwhomyouwillspendyourlife etc Thesearethethingsthatwereonceirrelevant butnowhavebecomeimminent Inasensethesearethe trials theyneedtogothroughastheyarebecominganadult Warm up2 2 Howwillyoudescribepeopleintheirtwenties Positive energetic incandescentwiththeirenergies impatienttobeontheirown eagertofindtheirownwayoflivingintheworld ambitious brave curious adventurous vivacious confident optimistic cheerful straightforwardNegative changeable baffled confused lovelorn sometimes rash reckless immature Warm up3 3 Illusionsareusuallyconsideredasnegative Canyouthinkofhowillusionscansometimesbebeneficialforpeopleintheirtwenties Peopleintheirtwentiesarefacedwithproblemsnevermetbefore Theydon tyethaveenoughexperienceandresourcestodealwiththem buttheyusuallyhavenoonetoturntoandtheydon tliketolookforhelpeither Intimeslikethis illusionstakeawaythefearinsideapersonandreplaceitwithconfidenceandexcitement Sincealltheyhaveistheythemselves thebeliefthattheirintelligenceandwillpowerconquersallpropelsthemforward Itisintheattempttosolvetheproblemsthattheymature GailSheehy 1937 wasborninNewYorkCityandeducatedattheUniversityofVermont LatershereceivedafellowshipatColumbiaUniversitywhereshestudiedunderanthropologistMargaretMead whobecamehermentor Asaliteraryjournalist shewasoneoftheoriginalcontributorstoNewYorkmagazine AcontributingeditortoVanityFairsince1984 shewontheWashingtonJournalismReviewAwardforBestMagazineWriterinAmericaforherin depthcharacter AIFTTR1 1 AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher sReference 1 GailSheehy portraitsofnationalandworldleaders includingbothPresidentsBush BillandHillaryClinton NewtGingrich MargaretThatcher SaddamHussein andMikhailGorbachev Since1970 shehaspublishedmanyworks includingLovesound 1970 Hustling ProstitutioninOurWideOpenSociety 1973 Passages 1976 andCharacter America sSearchforLeadership 1988 AIFTTR1 2 AIFTTR2 GailSheehydivideslifeintothefollowingstages ProvisionalAdulthoodAge18to30FirstAdulthood30to45SecondAdulthoodmid40sto70s ThirdAdulthood 75andbeyond Shethinksthereisarevolutioninthelifecycle Peopletodayaretakinglongertogrowupandmuchlongertogrowold Adolescenceisnowprolongeduntilage30 Peopledon tfeelfullygrownupuntiltheyareintheir40 s Thefactthatwe 2 lifeasaseriesofstages AIFTTR3 3 MaBell MotherBellisacolloquialtermfortheBellSyste sonamedbecauseofthe1984antitrustcasewhichforcedittodivestitslocalphonenetwork Theresultwassevenso calledBabyBells Thisisthelargesttelecommunicationsbreakupinhistory aretakingmuchlongertogrowupandmuchlongertogrowoldshiftsallthestagesofadultlifeaheadbyabout10years 40iswhat30usedtobe 50iswhat40usedtobe 60iswhat50usedtobe AIFTTR4 1 4 Goethe Goethe JohannWolfgangvon 1749 1832 Germanpoet dramatist novelist andscientist Goethe spoetryexpressesamodernviewofhumanity srelationshiptonature history andsociety hisplaysandnovelsreflectaprofoundunderstandingofhumanindividuality Hisimportancecanbejudgedbytheinfluenceofhiscriticalwritings hisvastcorrespondence andhispoetry dramas andnovelsuponthewritersofhisowntimeandupontheliterarymovementswhichheinauguratedandofwhichhewasthechieffigure His AIFTTR4 2 masterpiece thepoeticdramaFaust ranksasthepreeminentversionofthefamousFaustlegend inwhichacharactersellshisimmortalsoultothedevilinreturnforknowledgeandexperience Accordingtothe19th centuryEnglishcriticMatthewArnold Goethemustbeconsiderednotonly themanifestcenterofGermanliteraturebutoneofthemostversatilefiguresinallworldliterature AIFTTR5 5 TheSorrowsofYoungWerther WrittenbyGoethein1744asoneofthemostinfluentialdocumentsofromanticism Itisaromanceinepistolaryform basedontwoincidentsintheauthor slife WertherfallsinlovewithCharlotte whoisbetrothedtoAlbert andgiveshimselfuptoafewweekshappiness whileAlbertisabsent Thehetearshimselfaway AlbertandCharlottearemarried anddespairgraduallycomesoverWerther whofinallytakeshisownlife Thisworkexaltssentiment eventothepointofjustifyingcommittingsuicidebecauseofunrequitedlove Thebooksetatoneandmoodmuchcopiedbytheromanticsintheirworksandoftenintheirpersonallives afashionabletendencytofrenzy melancholy world weariness andevenself destruction AIFTTR6 6 theromanticmovement Alsocalledromanticism amovementintheliteratureofvirtuallyeverycountryofEurope theUnitedStates andLatinAmericathatlastedfromabout1750toabout1870 characterizedbyrelianceontheimaginationandsubjectivityofapproach freedomofthoughtandexpression andanidealizationofnature GoetheservedastheforemostrepresentativeoftheGermanromanticmovement Text TheTryingTwenties Notes IntroductiontotheAuthorandtheArticle PhrasesandExpressions Exercises MainideaoftheText MIOTT1 MainideaoftheText Inthetext GailSheehydescribesthedifficulties aswellasfreedom whichtwenty somethingsarepresentedwithwhentheyentertheadultworld Thetwentiesistheperiodwhenoneiseagertofindhisownwayoflife Somechoosetogotograduateschool somegetmarriedearlyandtryoutdifferentjobstoseewhichsuitsthembest andsomestaysingleandputtheircareerfirst Twoimpulsesareatworkduringthisperiod Oneistobesetasearlyaspossible theotheristokeepexperimenting Abalancestruckbetweenthetwodetermineswhatone stwentieswillbelike MIOTT2 Peopleintheirtwentieshavemany illusions whichfillthemwithenthusiasmineveryefforttheymake Illusionsalsobringwillpower Youngpeopledon tusuallyhavemuchmoneywhiletheproblemstheyfaceareendless butwithsturdywillstheycanovercomeanydifficulty Twenty somethingsalsotendtobelievethereisonlyonetruecourseinlife whichcannotbealtered Theyareblindtootherpossibilities Thusiftheyfindanypartoftheirpersonalitynotcongruentwiththatcourse theywillregarditasundesirableandtrytosuppressit Theyshapetheircharactertofitthecoursetheyhavechosen insteadoftheotherwayround Theywillrediscoverthosesuppressedpartslaterintheirforties IntroductiontotheAuthorandthearticle IntroductiontotheAuthorandtheArticle GailSheehy 1937 wasborninNewYorkCityandeducatedattheUniversityofVermontandColumbiaUniversity Sheisspecializedinthestudyofadultdevelopment Since1970 shehaspublishedmanyworks includingLovesound 1970 Hustling ProstitutioninOurWideOpenSociety 1973 Passages 1976 andCharacter America sSearchforLeadership 1988 IntroductiontotheAuthorandthearticle2 Inthisessay GailSheehydescribesthedifficulties aswellasfreedom whichtwenty somethingsarepresentedwithwhentheyentertheadultworld Part2 T1 TheTryingTwentiesconfrontsuswiththequestionofhowtotakeholdintheadultworld Incandescentwithourenergies havingoutgrownthefamilyandtheformlessnessofourtransitingyears weareimpatienttopourourselvesintotheexactlyrightform ourownwayoflivingintheworld Orwhilelookingforit wewanttotryoutsomeprovisionalform Fornowwearenotonlytryingtoproveourselvescompetentinthelargersocietybutintenselyawareofbeingontrial GailSheehy TheTryingTwenties Text Part2 T2 Graduatestudentisasafeandfamiliarformforthosewhocanaffordit Workingtowardadegreeissomethingyoungpeoplealreadyknowhowtodo Itpostponeshavingtoproveoneselfinthebigger bullyingarena VeryfewAmericanshadsuchaprivilegebeforeWorldWarII theyreachedthejumping offpointbythetenderageof16or18or20andhadtomaketheirmovereadyornot Buttoday aquarterofacenturyisoftenspentbeforeanindividualisexpectedorexpectshimselftofixhislife scourse Ormore Giventhepermissivenesstoexperiment theprolongedschoolingavailable andthemoratoriaallowed itisnotunusualforanadventurertobenearly30beforefirmlysettingacourse Part2 T3 Today theseven yearspreadofthisstageseemscommonlytobefromtheagesof22to28 ThetasksofthisperiodareasenormousastheyareEDexhilarating Toshapeadream thatvisionofone sownpossibilitiesintheworldthatwillgenerateenergy aliveness andhope Toprepareforalifework Tofindamentorifpossible Andtoformthecapacityforintimacywithoutlosingintheprocesswhateverconstancyofselfwehavethusfarassembled Thefirstteststructuremustbeerectedaroundthelifewechoosetotry Part2 T4 Oneyoungmanwithvagueaspirationsofhavinghisowncreativeenterprise forinstance wasn tsureifhisfortewouldbephotographyorcabinetmakingorarchitecture Therewasnosponsorinsight hisparentsworkedforthetelephonecompany SohetookajobwithMaBell Hemarriedandtogetherwithhiswifedecidedtopostponechildrenindefinitely Oncethestructurewasset hecouldthrowallhisfree timeenergiesintoexperimentingwithinit Everyweekendwouldfindhimbehindacameraorbuildingbookcasesforfriends vigorouslytestingthevariouscreativestreaksthatmightleadhimtoasatisfyinglifework Part2 T5 Singlehoodcanbealifestructureofthetwenties too Thedaughterofanego boostingfather taughttotryanythingshewishedsolongasshedidn tbailoutbeforereachingthetop decidedtobecomeatravelingpublicist Thatmeantbeingfreetomovefromcitytocityasbetterjobsopenedup Thestructurethatbestservedherpurposewastoremainunattached Shesharedapartmentsandlivedinwomen shotels havingawonderfultime untilat27shelandedtheexecutivejobofherdreams Part2 T6 IhadnofeelingofrootlessnessbecauseeachtimeImoved thenextjobofferedahigherstatusorsalary AndineverycityItraveled Iwouldlookupoldfriendsfromcollegeandmeetthemfordinner Thatgavemeastabilizinginfluence At30 Shazam Thesamewomanwassuddenlymarriedandpregnantwithtwins Surroundedbyatotallynewandunforeseenlifestructure shewaspleasantlybaffledtofindherselfcontent IguessIwasreadyforafamilywithoutknowingit Part2 T7 TheTryingTwentiesisoneofthelongerandmorestableperiods stable thatis incomparisonwiththerockierpassagesthatleadtoandexitfromit Althougheachnaildrivenintoourfirstexternallifestructureistentative atryout oncewehavemadeourcommitmentsweareconvincedtheyaretherightones Themomentumofexploringwithinthestructuregenerallycarriesusthroughthetwentieswithoutamajordisruptionofit Oneoftheterrifyingaspectsofthetwentiesistheconvictionthatthechoiceswemakeareirrevocable Ifwe Part2 T8 chooseagraduateschoolorjoinafirm getmarriedordon tmarry movetothesuburbsorforegotravelabroad decideagainstchildrenoragainstacareer wefearinourmarrowthatwemighthavetolivewiththatchoiceforever Itislargelyafalsefear Changeisnotonlypossible somealterationofouroriginalchoicesisprobablyinevitable Butsinceinourtwentieswe renewatmakingmajorlifechoices wecannotimaginethatpossibilitiesforabetterintegrationwilloccurtouslateron whensomeinnergrowthhastakenplace Twoimpulses asalways areatworkduringthisperiod Oneistobuildafirm safestructureforthefuturebymakingstrongcommitments tobeset Yetpeoplewhoslipintoaready madeformwithoutmuchself examinationarelikelytofindthemselvesfollowingalocked inpattern Theotherurgeistoexploreandexperiment keepinganystructuretentativeandthereforeeasilyreversible Takentotheextremebypeoplewhoskipthroughtheirtwentiesfromonetrialjobandonelimitedpersonalencountertoanother thisbecomesthetransientpattern Part2 T9 Part2 T10 Thebalancestruckbetweenthesetwoimpulsesmakesfordifferencesinthewaypeoplepassthroughthisperiodofprovisionaladulthoodandlargelydeterminesthewaywefeelaboutourselvesattheendofit ThePowerofIllusionsHowevergalvanizingourvisionintheearlytwenties itisfarfrombeingcomplete Evenwhilewearedelightedtodisplayourshinynewcapacities secretfearspersistthatwearenotgoingtogetawaywithit Somebodyisgoingtodiscovertheimposter Tohaveseenthevivacious 24 year oldjuniorexecutiveatherworkinacrackSanFranciscopublicrelationsfirm onewouldprobablynothaveguessedthetrepidationsunderneath IrealizedthatIhadnotgrownup IwasamazedathowwellIfunctionedatwork Whenclientswoulddealwithmeasanequal I dthink Igotawaywithit butthefeelingwasn toneofjoy ItwasterrorthateventuallytheywouldfindoutIwasjustachild Simplynotequipped Theotherhalfofthetime IwouldhavetremendousconfidenceandarroganceaboutwhoIwas ahotshotoutthereaccomplishingallsortsofthingsandeverybodythinkingIwassoterrific Iwasliketwopeople Part2 T11 Part2 T12 Manyofusarenotconsciouslyawareofsuchfears Withenoughsurfacebravadotofoolthepeoplewemeet wefoolourselvesaswell Butthememoryofformlessnessisneverfarbeneath Sowehastentotryonlife suniformsandpossiblepartners insearchoftheperfectfit Perfect isthatpersonweimbuewiththecapacitytoenlivenandsupportourvisionorthepersonwebelieveinandwanttohelp Twocenturiesago afictionalyoungpoetinGermany tornbyhishopelesspassionforthe perfect woman drankaglassofwine raisedapistol andputabulletthroughhishead Itwasashotheardroundtheworld ThelovelorndropoutwhofireditwastheheroofGoethe snovel Part2 T13 TheSorrowsofYoungWerther whichcontributedtotheromanticmovementthatcolorsourexpectationsoflovetothisday Goethehimselfwasapoetof25whenhewrotethestory AndlikethefictionalWerther hesufferedfromaninfatuationwithamarriedwoman anunreachablewoman whoseverymysteryinvitedhisfantasiesofperfection Goethe sherostrucksuchachordinyoungpeoplethroughoutEuropethatawaveofsuicidesfollowedthebook spublication Today asthen it senlighteningtospeculateonthedegreetowhichayoungmaninventshisromanticizedversionofthe Part2 T14 lovedwoman Shemaybeseenasthemagicalchameleonwhowillbeamotherwhenheneedsitandinthenextinstantthechildrequiringhisprotection aswellastheseductresswhoproveshispotency thesootherofanxieties whoshallhavenoneofherown theguarantorofhisimmortalitythroughtheconversionofhisseed Andtowhatdegreedoestheyoungwomaninventthemanshemarries Sheoftenseesinhimpossibilitiesthatnooneelserecognizesandpicturesherselfwithinhisdreamastheonepersonwhotrulyunderstands Suchillusionsarethestuffofwhichthetwentiesaremade Part2 T15 Illusions isusuallythoughtofasapejorative somethingweshouldgetridofifwesuspectwehaveit Theillusionsofthetwenties however maybeessentialtoinfuseourfirstcommitmentswithexcitementandintensity andtosustainusinthosecommitmentslongenoughtogainussomeexperienceinliving Thetasksbeforeusareexciting conflicting andsometimesoverwhelming butofonethingmostofusarecertaininourtwenties Part2 T16 Willpowerwillovercomeall Moneymaybescarce theloansandlaundryendless Theevilbaitofsellingout maytemptthewould bedoctor writer socialworker Butclearly orsoitseems wehaveonlytoapplyourstrongmindsandsturdywillstothewheeloflife andsoonerorlaterourdestinywillbendunderourcontrol Aself deception Yes inlargepart Butalsoamostusefulmodusoperandiatthisstage Forifwedidn tbelieveintheomnipotentforceofourintelligence ifwewerenotconvincedthatwecouldwillourselvesintobeingwhateverkindof Part2 T17 personswewishtobe itwouldn tmakemuchsensetotry Doubtsimmobilize Believingthatweareindependentandcompetentenoughtomastertheexternaltasksconstantlyfortifiesusinourattemptstobecomeso OneTrueCourseinLifeIfandwhenwefeelwehavemadeafriendoftherealworldandareabouttofixourcourse atoneofoptimismandvitalitypropelsusforwardingiantsteps Wearemostbrimmingwithalivenesswhenwearejustabouttogainasolidform Thisappliesthroughoutlifeandtothedifferentformswemaytake Butupondiscoveringourveryfirstindependentform wemayassumeitistheforeveroneandclingtoitobstinately Part2 T18 Thatiswhypeopleintheirtwentiescommonlyinsistwhattheyaredoingistheonetruecourseinlife Anysuggestionthatwearelikeourparentsraisesourhackles Whatifweweretofindoutthetruth Thattheparentalfigures unknowinglyinternalizedasourguardians provoketheveryfeelingsofsafetythatallowustodareallthesegreatfirstsofthetwenties Theyarealsotheinnerdictatorsthatholdusback Totellsuchathingtomost25 year oldswillcallforthhowlsofdenial Thisispreciselytheinteriorrealityfromwhicheachofusatthisstageistryingtomakeabreak Weareutterlyconvincedthatallournotionsspringfullblown asifbymagic fromourownuniqueselves Part2 T19 Atallcosts anypartsofourpersonalitythatmightinterferewithourchosen onetruecourseinlife mustforthetimebeingbeburied Wecannot willnot darenotknowhowstronglyweareinfluencedbythedeeptugsofthepast byidentificationswithourparentsandthedefensemechanismswelearnedinchildhood Indeed ifthereisablemishonourbehaviororsomethingannoyingabouttheonewelove thisistheagewhenwearecertainallthat sneededistohaveitpointedout Ifthere ssomethingaboutmeyoudon tlike justtellme saysthenewlywedanxioustoplease I llchangeit Ifheor Part2 T20 sheisnotforthcomingwithsuchanoffer theotheroneisdeterminedtochangeitforthepartner Hemaydrinkalittletoomuchnow thebrideconfidestoherfriend butI llreformhim ExaminationoftheinternalforcesactinguponuswillresumeIIIthethirties whenwearemorestabilizedexternally Wellintoourforties wewillstillbedredgingupexactlythosesuppressedpartswearenowmakingeveryefforttoignore MaBell MotherBell acolloquialtermfortheAmericantelephonecompany sonamedbecauseoftheinventorofthetelephone AlexanderBellShazam awordusedbymagicianswhilstperformingmagictricks Hereitisusedtodescribeanexclamationofshock Goethe JohannWolfgangvonGoethe 1749 1832 Germanpoet dramatist novelistandphilosopher HisnovelTheSorrowsofYoungWertherisaromanceinepistolaryform basedontwoincidentsintheauthor slife WertherfallsinlovewithCharlotte whoisbetrothedtoAlbert andgiveshimselfuptoafewweeks happiness whileAlbertisabsent Thenhetearshimselfaway AlbertandCharlottearemarried anddespairgraduallycomesoverWerther whofinallytakeshisownlife Notes Part2 TA Notes1 Part2 TA Notes2 struckachordinyoungpeople appealedtoyoungpeopleandmadethemfeelsympathyfortheherotheloansandlaundryendless thetediousaspectsofeverydaylifesuchasfinancialworriesanddomesticchores cleaning ironing etc Theevilbaitofsellingout theinsidioustemptationofneglectingone sidealsinordertomakemoneyforacomfortablelife Notes Part2 TA Notes3 Notes thewheeloflife symboloflifeasawheel foundinmanyfaiths Insomereligionsthewheelstandsforthewholecycle beginningwithbirth therisetotheheightofaperson spower andthedeclineagainuntildeathisreached Inotherfaithsthewheelcanalsostandfortheriseandfalloffortunesatdifferenttimesinlife defensemechanisms Peopledevelopspecificpsychicmeans knownasdefensemechanisms todefenditselfagainstunacceptableimpulses Theseincluderepression theexclusionofimpulsesfromconsciousawareness projection theprocessofascribingtoothersone