2012全国及各省市高考英语语法分类.doc

2012全国19套试题语法分类一、 冠词【2012辽宁】21. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an21、【考点】冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空表示泛指；第二空为固定用法，用定冠词the，故选C项【难度】一般【2012安徽】21. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 本题考查冠词，science是不可数名词，用the表示特指是不可能的，后面的factory是一个可数名词，用a 表示泛指。【2012山东】29. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填D. 不填；a 29.【答案】B【命题透视】冠词。考查对词汇意义的理解和运用。【试题解析】不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用，表示名词的具体化。句中的a drink表示“一杯饮料”，后面的a comfort意为“慰藉者；安慰的事”。句意为：在那些难熬的时光中，能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。【思维拓展】可以和不定冠词连用，表示具体化的不可数名词还有：a success, a failure, a while, offer sb. a lift, a must等。【2012四川】18. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 18.【答案与解析】 D 本题考查冠词。第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法；第二空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代，一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。”用不定冠词。故答案选D。【2012浙江】2.The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填, theB. the; aC. a; 不填D. a; a2. 【考点】冠词零冠词和不定冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空process是可数名词，第一次出现一般用不定冠词，且此次表示“一个”的概念；第二空existence是不可数名词，其此处表示抽象概念，故用零冠词。【难度】中等【2012重庆】24.Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A. /,/ B. the,/ C the the D./, the24.【考点】冠词用法辨析【答案】D【解析】句意：Sam被任命为工程部经理取代了George。表示官衔职务的名词作补语和同位语时，前不加冠词。在题干中，“manager”表示职务，作主语补足语，不需要加冠词，而第二个空白处为固定短语“take the place of”，是“代替，取代”之意。因此，正确答案为D选项。【难度】一般 【知识拓展】不使用冠词的情况：在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前；一日三餐、球类棋类等运动的名称前；系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词；人名、地名、机构等专有名词前；与by连用表示交通方式的名词前；以and连接的两个相对的名词连用时；名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等词作定语；复数名词表示一类人或事物时；在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中等。二、 副词【2012辽宁】22. We used to see each other , but I havent head from him since last year. A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately22、【考点】副词词义辨析【答案】B【解析】A项意为“尤其；特别”；B项意为“定期地，经常地”；C项意为“特别，尤其”；D项意为“近似地，大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。【难度】一般【2012福建】27. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be respected.A. especiallyB. equally C. naturally . D. normally【考点】本题考查副词辨析【答案】B【解析】根据句意：无论是官员还是公共汽车司机，都应该平等的被尊敬，所以选择B项equally“平等地，公平地”；especially“尤其地”；naturally“自然地”；normally“正常地”，只有B项符合题意。【难度】一般【2012湖北】26. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested _ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem. A. tentativelyB. thoughtlesslyC. definitelyD. rudely26. A【命题立意】考查副词辨析。难度中等。【解题思路】句意为：“看来我们要请史密斯先生来看看我们对此如何处理”，父亲对到此讨论此问题的邻居试探性地说。A项“试探性地”，符合语境。B项意为“欠考虑地”，C项意为“明确地”，D项意为“粗鲁地”，都与语境不符。【2012四川】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.A. only B. also C. even D. still7.【答案与解析】 D 本题考查副词用法。根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still（仍然，还）。【2012四川】16. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 16.【答案与解析】 D 本题考查副词用法。副词that表示“那么”修饰形容词的固定短语为：that + adj. （+ a/ an + n.），相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/ how) big a difference 那么（如此/多么）大的一个分别（影响）。故选D。【2012浙江】18.Mike was usually so careful, _this time he made a small mistake.A. yetB. stillC. evenD. thus18. 【考点】副词【答案】A【解析】根据句意：麦克通常很认真的，然而（yet）这次他犯了个小错误。Still仍旧；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】中等三、 动词词组【2012辽宁】26. Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. A. taking apart B. giving away C. making up D. turning off26、【考点】动词词组辨析【答案】A【解析】A项意为“拆开; 拆卸”；B项意为“赠送，泄露”；C项意为“编造、弥补、化装”；D项意为“关掉”。根据句意，可知，Rod喜欢拆卸钟表，然而，他从来都不能再重新装好。所以选B项【难度】一般【2012安徽】28. The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up 答案C .本题考查动词词组，pay off 有很多含义：1 付清某人的工资并解雇他 偿清欠款等等 2. 对某人或某事进行报复 3.使人得益，有报偿 4.贿赂 【2012福建】29. You had better_ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.A. set aside B. take upC. put away D. give out【考点】考查动词短语辨析【答案】A【解析】根据后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知上半句应该是建议对方要多留出时间进行运动，set aside“留出，拨出” ；take up“占据，从事“；put away“收拾好”give out“发出，分发”，根据句意只能选择A项。【难度】中等 【2012湖北】23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage.A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up23. B【命题立意】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。【解题思路】句意为：独自在黑暗中行走，男孩吹口哨保持勇气。B项意为“维持，不使低落”，符合句意。A项意为“举起”，C项意为“建立”，D项意为“拿起”，都与句意不符。【2012湖北】24. Im so glad youve come here to _ this matter in person.tick to /look fore to _neutralA. lead to B. see to C. turn to D. refer to24. B【命题立意】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。【解题思路】句意为：很高兴你能来亲自负责这起事件。B项意为“负责”，符合句意；A项意为“导致”，C项意为“向求助”，D项意为“参考”，都与语意不符。【2012江苏】26. OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up.You cantyour responsibilities.A. run off with B. run up against C. run out ofD. run away from26. 【考点】动词短语辨析【答案】D【解析】run away from意为“逃离，躲避”，run off with意为“偷走；与私奔”；run up against意为“偶遇”；run out of意为“用完”。句意为：好了，我已受够了，我放弃。你不能逃避你的责任。根据句意，应选D项。【2012陕西】19. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system _.A. broke in B. broke up C. broke out D. broke down【答案与解析】D 考查动词短语辨析。break in打断； 闯入； 开始工作；break up结束，散开；分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃，垮掉；出毛病；抛锚。题干意思是：他时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水，因为空掉出毛病了。选D。【2012四川】20. Its surprising that your brother _ Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.A. picked up B. looked up C. put up D. made up 20.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查动词短语辨析。pick up意为“（无意之间、偶然地）学会”；look up意为“（在书籍中）查找”；put up意为“张贴；搭建”；make up意为“构成；编造”。此句句意为：令人惊奇的是，你的弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了他在那儿生活的时间并不长。根据句意选A。【2012浙江】15.Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_ preparing your business plan.A. set outB. set aboutC. set offD. set up15.【考点】动词词组词义辨析【答案】B【解析】根据句意：有这么些个你所收集的信息，你可以着手（set about doing sth）准备你的商业计划了。Set out to do sth着手；set off出发；set up建立，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】中等四、 介词【2012辽宁】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out27、【考点】介词辨析【答案】C【解析】off 意思是“离开.,隔着.”，表示与隔着一定的距离。【难度】一般【2012安徽】25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life. A. of B. on C. to D. For选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for to be an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。【2012北京】34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across34. D。介词考点【2012福建】33. Nothing is so easy asparents raise their expectations of their children too high.A. ofB. to C. by D. for【考点】本题考查介词的用法【答案】D【解析】句意为：没有什么比父母亲过多的提高对孩子的期望值更容易的了。for parents“对于父母亲来说”，不定式是真正的被比较成分。本句的关键是找到关键点，一方面的nothing is soas结构，另一方面就是不定式的成分界定。【难度】中等 【2012湖北】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.来源:wwwA. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place25.D【命题立意】考查介词短语辨析。难度中等。【解题思路】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。【2012江苏】29. Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain29. 【考点】介词短语【答案】A【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。句意为：谢天谢地，你是安全的！我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。【难度】一般【2012陕西】11. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A. against B. for C .to D. with【答案与解析】A 考查介词。所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成；be to到达；be with和在一起，都与句意不符。【2012四川】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your income by 40%.A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as14.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除之外（还有）；和”；B意为“只要”；C意为“与一样多”（不用于肯定句）；D意为“一就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。【2012浙江】6. all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With6. 【考点】介词【答案】B【解析】 two dogs所属与all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us, 我们其中的许多人，故答案B符合语境。From从；for为了；with有，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】中等【2012浙江】14.Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.A. all in allB. for one thingC. on the contrary D. by the way14. 【考点】介词短语词义辨析【答案】C【解析】根据句意：布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反（on the contrary）他很高兴能够被透彻理解。All in all总而言之；for one thing其一；by the way顺便讲一下，均不符合语境，故排除。解题的关键是对词组by no means=never（决不）的理解。【难度】中等五、 代词【2012辽宁】28. If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that28、【考点】代词的用法【答案】A【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.【难度】较难【2012福建】22.一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or like that.A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing【考点】本题考查不定代词用法【答案】C 【解析】something like that 意为“大致如此，差不多这样”，something在本句中是表示不确定的描述或数量，“大致，左右”的意思。比如：She called at something after ten oclock.她10点多钟来过电话。It tastes something like melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。They pay six pounds an hour. Something like that. 他们按每小时六英镑付费。大致如此。【难度】中等【2012江苏】23.Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. either B. another C. neither D. none23. 【考点】代词辨析neither/ none【答案】D【解析】句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。根据前半句中的“a reply”提示可知，故选D项。【难度】一般【2012山东】21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however21.【答案】A【命题透视】代词词义辨析。考查对词汇意义的理解和运用。【试题解析】本题来自朗文双解词典2632页，是whoever词条中的一个例句。句意为“你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行”。Whoever在这里作代词，是“不管什么人，无论是谁”之意。【思维拓展】whoever在这里作宾语，和whomever的用法是一样的。【2012陕西】13. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 【答案与解析】D 考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。【2012四川】2. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. that B. this C. one D. it 【答案与解析】 D 本题考查代词。题干为固定句型：make + it + adj. + to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。【2012浙江】5.Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to_ of McDonalds.A. thoseB. onesC. anyD. all5. 【考点】代词【答案】A【解析】 those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonalds修饰，符合语境。Ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】较大【2012重庆】21.-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None21.【考点】不定代词用法【答案】B【解析】根据答语“Ill be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。【难度】一般六、 从句【2012辽宁】30. Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 30、【考点】连词用法【答案】C【解析】A项意为“只要”；B项意为“尽管”；C项意为“以防”；D项意为“好像”。根据句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。【难度】一般【2012辽宁】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and scarched for he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever34、【考点】连词用法。【答案】C【解析】介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever，选C项【难度】一般【2012安徽】27.The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，选择B.本题考查名词性从句，but whether he reaches these limits 【作为句子主语】will depend on his environment.【2012安徽】29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. ThisA是正确答案。如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。【as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是A】【2012安徽】34.Queen Elizabeth is often to be richest woman in the world. , her personal wealth seems rather small.A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether选择C。前面说她富有，后面说她个人财富相当少。【2012北京】21.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only21. A。考查状语从句连接词。even if 即便，as though似乎，in case 以防，if only要是多好。【2012北京】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether24. C。从句考查，宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。【2012北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 26. B。非限制性定语从句，which作表语。【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. it C. as D. what【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】C【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。【难度】一般【2012福建】30. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_ gets more financial support from the European Union.A. ifB. unlessC. because D. since【考点】考查从句的连词【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”，只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句的连词题事实上非常简单，只要找到句中的关键词，然后从句意上去排除就行了，本题关键词是hard和more financial support。【难度】中等 【2012福建】35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever【考点】本句考查连词的辨析【答案】C【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。【难度】难度大【2012湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; _, it does not pollute the air.A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore【答案】B 【解析】题干前后表示的是叠加意义: 好的锻炼;不污染空气,所以用besides “除了(还)”; 答案A意为 “然而”；C “要不然”；D“所以”。【2012湖南】26. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. howC. whetherD. when【答案】C 【解析】根据结构词or就很容易断定：whetheror。句意：你居住在那里是很短一段时间还是很长一段时间，都没有关系。【2012湖南】28. _I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. While B. Once C. If D. Until【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管我老觉得我会通过考试，然而，我从来不曾想过会得“A等”。根据上下文可以看出，题干需要一个引导让步状语从句的连词。while在这里等于though。【2012湖南】32. hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever【答案】A 【解析】句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。其他几个选项语义不通。however “无论怎么”在此引导让步状语从句=no matter how。【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process _even the small details of life should be considered.A. what B. in what C. which D. in which【答案】D 【解析】句意：心灵的护理是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。in which引导非限制性定语从句，which代前面的process。【2012江苏】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what22. 【考点】定语从句关系代词【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。【举一反三】由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。（关系代词who在从句中作主语）【难度】一般【2012江苏】27.The notice came around two in the afternoonthe meeting would be postponed.A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. how27. 【考点】名词性从句-同位语从句【答案】B【解析】句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。【举一反三】同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）【试题延伸】(2011天津)Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where）点拨. C。题意：抽烟会导致多种疾病，对此现代科学已经给出了明确的证据。本题考查名词性从句(同位语从句)。evidence后的从句说明的是其具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成分，故用that引导同位语从句。 其他三项引导同位语从句都要在从句中作成分。【难度】一般【2012江苏】30.Ones life has valueone brings value to the life of others.A. so thatB. no matter how C. as long asD. except that30. 【考点】连词【答案】C【解析】as long as意为“只要”；so that意为“以便；因此”；no matter how意为“不管怎样”；except that意为“除了”。句意为：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那