冠词复习.doc

冠词【学习指导】冠词是英语中一个重要语法内容。冠词分为定冠词，不定冠词及零冠词。由于汉语中没有冠词的概念，因而对于中国学生来说，冠词的用法很难掌握，另外除了常见用法之外，冠词还有一些习惯用法。正因为如此，冠词用法倍受命题专家的青睐，成为高考中的常青树，不倒翁。同学们可结合高考试题分析冠词考查热点，进而掌握命题规律，做到心中有数，轻松备考。导学：1. 1. 参见2016名师指津P205【知识网络】，要求记忆掌握。1.2. 大声朗读2016名师指津P206【熟读深思】的短文及对照答案P54-P55解析，在语篇中理解冠词的用法。（Learn grammar through language.）导思：考点小结冠词是全国高考命题的热点之一，2014年全国新课标卷I、2015年全国新课标卷的语法填空题各考查了1道冠词题；20112015年全国卷的短文改错均考查了冠词词的用法。考点规律分析：短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别（包括a与an的区别）。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词；另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。冠词的考点总结如下：2. 不定冠词的主要用法2.1 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示泛指某类人或事物中的一个或任一个，意为“一个/位/座/项/段/次”。The Wilsons live in an A-shaped house near the coast. It is a 17th century cottage. 2.2 表示“(数量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 2.3 用于作表语或作as的宾语的职业或身份的名词前。When he left college, he got a job as a reporter in a newspaper office.2.4 有的抽象名词具体化后，前面要加不定冠词。2.4.1 a surprise一件预料之外的事，a pity /shame (一件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，a time(一段时间)。There was a time when I hated to go to school. 2.4.2不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯/罐/瓶”。Id like a tea, please. =Id like a cup of tea, please.2.5 用在序数词之前,表示“又一;再一”。Would you like a second cup of tea? 2.6 用于固定搭配词组中。a couple of, a lot of, a bit, many a time, once upon a time, have a walk等等。2.7 用于quite, rather, such, many, half, what之后。This room is rather a big one.2.8 用于so (as, too, how) + 形容词之后。She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.2.9 a 与an 的用法区别 不定冠词有a和an两种形式其区别是：a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前：a dog一条狗 a dictionary一本词典 a student一个学生an egg 一只鸡蛋 an elephant 一只大象 an island一个岛2.9.1.有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于它不是以元音因素开头，其前仍用a：a university student一个大学生 a European country一个欧洲国家2.9.2.有些单词虽然以辅音字母开头，由于它的第一个读音为元音因素，其前用an：an honest man 一个诚实的人 an honorable deed高尚的行为2.9.3以下各例均用了an，也是因为紧跟在其后的词语以元音因素开头：miss an “m” 漏写一个m an 8-year plan 一个8年计划3. 定冠词的主要用法 3.1 定冠词the的基本用法，即表示特指，相当于this(这), that(那), these(这些), those(那些)。包括指上文提到过的人或事物，或者双方都知道的人或事物。I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. 3.2 用于“the+比较级”表示“两者中较的”那一个人或事物。Of the two sisters, Betty is the younger one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. 3.3 用于单数可数名词前表示某类事物的整体(整个类属)。Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 3.4 用于介词短语中的方位名词前。 Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. 3.4.1注意：在没有介词的方位名词前，不用冠词。e.g. We stood at the top of the mountain east of the city, watching a burning sun rising.3.5 用于play后的西洋乐器名词前。 After watching TV, she played the violin for an hour. 3.6 用于“the +逢十的复数基数词”前表示年代。It is not rare in the 90s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 3.7 用于“the+比较级，the+比较级”(越就越)句型中。It is believed that the harder you work, the better result youll get.3.8与某些形容词或分词连用表示类别。The rich are not always happier than the poor. 3.9用于独一无二的事物名词前。The earth goes around the sun. 3.10用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。You will be the second to speak.Tom is the best students in our class.3.11 用于姓氏复数词前指一家人或夫妇二人等。The Greens will come to Beijing tomorrow. 3.12 用于国家、党派等以及江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前。The United States, the Communist Party of China, the French等等。3.13 用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构中表示计量单位，意为“按/以(卖/租/付款)”，常与buy, sell, rent, charge等动词连用。 As a rule, the workers are paid by the hour.3.14. 用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位或衣着”中：用于该句型的动词常常是表示“打、抓、牵、拉、拍、踢”等之类的动词。A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in the leg. 4. 零冠词的主要用法(即不用冠词的情况)4.1 复数可数名词表示泛指和不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。The sign reads In case of fire, break the glass and push the red button. Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use the wood as fuel or as building material. 4.2 在as(虽然)引导的让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。 Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 4.3 在三餐和球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词。Michael usually plays chess with his father after dinner.4.4 学科名词和语言前不用冠词。She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet.4.5 季节、月份、星期、节假日前。Spring, March, Monday, National Day4.6 与by连用表示交通工具名词前。by train, by air, by bus, by bike4.7 以and连接的两个相对名词并用时。husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night导练：【基础知识过关】I.单句改错：下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。1. After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. ( )2. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. ( )3. Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. ( )4. Good health is persons most valuable possession. ( )5. It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much. ( )6. There is public library in every town in Britain. ( )7. Today I visited the Smithsmy first visit to a American family. ( )8. Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. ( )9. Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. ( )10. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. ( )11. For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery. ( )12. We may be one family and live under a same roof. ( )13. As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. ( )14. My teacher advised me too keep my diary. ( )15. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. ( ).用适当的冠词填空。Once upon 1 time, there was 2 old woman living at 3 foot of the mountain. She led 4 poor life, but she was very kind. She loved animals, and she would prepare food for birds in the windows, just like their owners. A lot of birds such as swallows and sparrows would like to live under her roof. On 5 sunny day, a hunter with 6 bow and some arrows appeared near her house and she thought that something bad would happen. So she followed 7 hunter and found that he was shooting at 8 hare. She was angry and shouted at him loudly. The hunter was scared to death and ran away. When she came up to 9 hare, to her sorrow, she found the hare was injured and lay in 10 shadow of a tree without any movement. She brought it home at once and fed it on some herb. After several days, with her intensive care, the hare was recovered finally.【语言运用能力提升】III. 在空格处填适当的冠词。1. Its _ good feeling for people to come to Zhanjiang NO.1 Middle School to admire _ 14th Guangdong Sports Games.2. What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!3. 6. In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.4. It is generally accepted that _boy must learn to stand up and fight like _man.5. Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _Picasso. 6. Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name.7. Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource.8. Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while9. There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _earth.10. His special air-letter may cost him less than _ loaf of bread or his own bus fare to work. 11. Everything comes with _price; there is no such _ thing as free lunch in the world. 12. In most countries, _ university degree can give you _ flying start in life.13. In the United States，there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.14. _ fish can swim.15. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.IV. 语篇填空 阅读下篇短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号内的词的正确形式填空。Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 1 （be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 _ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days 4 even a few months. It took years of work 5 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit 7 _ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are 8 _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 (patience).V. 短文改错 下文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。（温馨提示：请务必按要求规范答题，以免失分！）增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/）,并在该句下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then-for all these year-we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!参考答案导练：【基础知识过关】I.单句改错1. aan 2.thea 3.去掉the 4. a persons 5. such a 6. a public library 7. aan 8.the captain 9. a wonderful time 10去掉a 11.去掉the 12. athe 13. a famous mountain 14. keep a diary 15. put out the fire.用适当的冠词填空。本文讲一个爱护动物的年迈妇女阻止一个猎人射击兔子的故事。1. a 固定短语中，once upon a time意为“从前”。 2. an 表示有“一位”年迈的妇女。3. the 有特指的of短语修饰，可能将at the foot