名词专练.doc

初中英语语法名词名 词名词复数的规则变化1.1 名词复数的规则变化情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/; bag-bags；car-cars 以s, sh , ch , x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses ；watch-watches 以ce, se, ze, (d)ge等结尾 的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y 变y 为i 结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby-babies 其它名词复数的规则变化1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays guy-guys比较：层楼：storey -storeys story-stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photospiano-pianos bamboo-bamboos radio-radioszoo-zoos kilo-kilostobacco-tobaccos cuckoo-cuckoos（杜鹃） kangaroo-kangaroos （袋鼠）studio-studiosb. 加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes hero-heroes Negro-Negroesc. 均可，如：zero-zeros / zeroes mosquito-mosquitos/mosquitoesmotto-mottos/mottoes volcano-vocanos/volcanoesbuffalo（水牛），halo（光环），commando（突击队）3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs proof-proofs chief-chiefssafe-safes gulf-gulfs serf-serfs cliff-cliffsgrief-griefsb. 去f, fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves shelf-shelves c. 均可,如：handkerchief（手帕）, scarf（头巾）, wharf（码头）handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1）child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth goose-geese ox-oxenmouse-miceman-menwoman-women, phenomenon-phenomena/phenomenons crisis-crises注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形如： deer，sheep，fish，bison，Chinese，Japanese ，means，works, series li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词， 如：a. maths，politics，physics，athletics，phonetics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼7)经常以复数形式出现的名词: thanks, goods, trousers, clothes, glasses, scissors，chopsticks，ashes，compasses。8)合成名词的复数a. 在主体名词后加-s或-esfilm-goers tooth-brushes go-betweens lookers-on passers-by sons-in-lawb. 以man和woman修饰的合成名词，两个都变。men doctors women teachers9)单复数意思不同的词：custom，work，arm，glass10)penny的复数pence表示便士的钱数。pennies表示便士的枚数。不可数名词量的表示1.4 不可数名词量的表示用much，a little，a lot of，lots of，some，any等表示多少。The rich man has a lot of money.There is some milk in the bottle.Is there any water in the glass.用a piece of这类定语。表示复数时，在表示量的词后加复数。Two pieces of paper1）物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel.(不可数) We need various steels.(可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2） 抽象名词有时也可数。 four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如：a glass of water 一杯水 3)常考的不可数名词：advice, furniture, fun, homework, housework, information, news, progress, work, traffic, trouble, weather, wealth既能作可数名词又作不可数名词的词不可数名词可数名词dress 女服（统称）a dress 一件女服fish 鱼肉a fish一条鱼glass 玻璃a glass 玻璃杯tin 锡a tin一听罐头paper 纸a paper一张报纸定语名词的复数1.5 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workerswomen teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车) arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years childa piece of advice一条建议不同国家的人的单复数1.6 不同国家的人的单复数名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人 中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greeka Greek two Greeks 法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人the Americansan American two Americans 印度人the Indiansan Indian two Indians 加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians 德国人the Germansa Germans two Germans 英国人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedisha Swede two Swedes记忆口诀：“中日不变英法变，其它-s在后边”。（瑞士Swiss也不变）名词的格1.7 名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。 2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。 3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。 5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示两个人共有。 如：Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or twos absence7)名词的所有格表达的意思有：A、所属关系 the capital of ChinaB、主谓关系the doctors absenceC、类别a doctors degreeD、动宾关系the discovery of North AmericaE、同谓关系the city of Beijing8)双重所有格名词生物所有格名词名词性物主代词A、表示部分与整体的关系 a friend of Marys Mothers B、与指示代词和that连用，表示爱憎感情 That son of Mr Greens is really lovely.C、双重所有格表达的意思不同A photo of Toms Tom 收藏的一张照片A photo of Tom Tom本人的一张照片复习巩固题一、 把下列名词变成复数形式：child foot goose man medium mouseox toothwoman Chinese Japanese deer fish sheep hero potato tomato leaf half wifeknife shelfwolf thieflifeplay babystorypolicemanEnglishman GermanFrenchmanRussianchairdeskstomachbrushbustrainphotopianoradiostudiokilozeropolicewomanwoman doctor son-in-law二、选择填空:1. The weather in the South is very wet, because there is rain there.A. a few B. a littleC. much D. many2. They made a lot of _in their factory.A. radio B. radiosC. radioes D. the radio3. He told me that some _ would visit our school the next day.A. Frenchman B. FrenchmensC. Frenchmen D. Frenchmans4. Alice and Mike go to school by _ every day.A. the bike B. a bikeC. bike D. bikes5. Maths _ very interesting, but its too difficult to learn.A. is B. amC. are D. were6. He cant go to play with us. He has _to do today.A. homeworks B. much homeworkC. many homework D. much homeworks7. September 10 is _Day.A. Teachers B. TeachersC. the Teachers D. a Teachers8. A friend of _ was here just now.A. your B. youC. your sister D. your sisters9. Whose computer is this? Its _.A. of Tom B. of TomsC. Toms D. Toms10. Please give me _paper.A. two pieces B. twoC. piece D. a piece of11. Last month we had two _ holiday.A. week B. weeksC. weeks D. weeks12. The farmer has two .A. child B. childsC. children D. a child13. Motherll buy me _ next Sunday.A. two pair of trouser B. two pair of trousersC. two pairs of trousers D. two pairs of trouser14. How many do you have?A. knives B. knifesC. knife D. knifves15. I want to buy three _ of coloured _.A. box. chalk B. boxes. chalkC. boxes. . .chalks D. box. chalks16. These are _ houses.A. Chang and my aunt B. Changs and my auntsC. Chang and my aunts D. Changs and my aunt17. A group of _ are talking with two _A. A Germans. . . Frenchmans B. Frenchmans. . GennenC. German. .Frenchmen D. Frenchmen. Germans18. There is _ in the bottle.A. no any ink B. not a inkC. not any ink D. no inks19. They are , arent they?A. woman doctors B. women doctorC. women doctors D. womans doctors20. Huny up, there is _ time left.A. little B. a littleC. few D. a few21. Three _ came to our school yesterday.A. German B. GermansC. Germany D. Germen22. After playing football we took rest.A. a few minutes B. a few minutesC. a little minute s D. a little minutes23. Would you please give us ?A. some advice B. any adviceC. some advices D. an advice24. As soon as we saw his face, we knew that the news _ bad.A. is B. was C. are D. were25. This is desk.A. Mary and Jane s B. Marys and Jane sC. Marys and Jane D. Mary and Jane三、单项选择：1. There are ten in those . A. watchs; boxs B. watches; boxs C. watchs; boxes D. watches; boxes 2. are on the bed.A. A trousers B. One trousers C. A pair of trousers D. A pair of trouser3. They are thirsty. Will you please give them ?A. some bottles of waters B. some bottle of waterC. some bottles of water D. some bottle of waters4. Some are drinking and some are talking.A. man; woman B. men; women C. mans; women D. men; womans5. The bad news that my physics very poor.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is6. The people under the tree my friends.A. is B. are C. am D. has7. I have four and two .A. boys friends; girl friend B. boy friends; girls friendC. boy friends; girl friends D. boys friend; girls friend8. I can see two running after some .A. Japanese; sheep B. Japanese; sheeps C. Japanese; sheep D. Japaneses; sheeps9. This is an old photo of mine when I .A. have short hairs B. had short hairs C. have short hair D. had short hair10. This is dictionary.A. Tom and Marys B. Toms and Mary C. Tom and Mary D. Toms and Marys 11. The two bedrooms are the .A. twins B. twins C. twins D. twins12. Those are some poems of my .A. fathers B. fathers C. fathers D. father13. I hear theres some good news in newspaper.A. todays B. today C. the day D. tomorrow14. Whats the name of her ?A. cat B. cats C. cats D. cats15. I am thirsty. I would like .A. two cups B. two teas C. two cup of teas D. two cups of tea16. Oh, dear, I forgot the two .A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers17. Henry runs fast. He won the 800-metre race yesterday.A. boys B. boys C. boy D. boys 18. Help yourself to . Thanks. Mumit tastes good.A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken能力提高题一、单复数句型转换：A. 单数句变复数句1. There is a bookshelf in my bedroom.2. She has an old dress in her wardrobe. 3. I will work hard all my life. 4. That taxi driver is Xiao Hongs uncle. 5. Can you see a deer running in the forest? B. 复数句变单数句1. The young women are all in white trousers. 2. They want to be editors-in-chief. 3. These boys will make friends with those girls. 4. The old ladies have many grandchildren. 二、将下列单词转换为名词：1. invent 2. sail 3. operate 4. die 5. compute 6. foolish7. speak 8. work 9. fight 10.teach 11. write 12. visit13. safe 14.win 三、选择填空：1. There are twelve in a year.A. month B. monthes C. months2. Three are standing over there.A. police B. policeman C. policemen3. The soldiers gave their to the country in the war（战争）.A. lives B. lifes C. life4. Look! Here is your .A. skirt B. shirts C. skirts5. Half of the were taken in England.A. photoes B. photos C. photo6. I have today.A. headache B. a headache C. headaches7. Im interested in one of these .A. story B. stories C. storys8. My uncle watched a few TV last week.A. play B. plaies C. plays9. She had three for lunch.A. bottles of orange juices B. bottle of orange juice C. bottles of orange juice10. There are two on the plate.A. pieces of meat B. piece of meat C. pieces of meats11. Mother bought a pair of for me last week.A. shoe B. glasses C. glass12. Several will visit our school next Monday.A. Japaneses B. Americans C. Englishman13. Can you give us any to do?A. works B. worker C. work14. Its about an walk from here to my home.A. hours B. hours C. hours 15. are sitting at the breakfast table.A. The family B. Family C. Families16. turn yellow in autumn.A. Leaves B. Leafs C. leaf17. In a few time we hope to cover those mountains.A. years B. years C. years18. Twenty young in our village joined the army last year.A. peoples B. peoples C. people19. are a hardworking people.A. Chinese B. The Chineses C. The Chinese20. Jack took away my pencil-box by .A. a mistake B. mistake C. mistakes21. Mother does in my family.A. much housework B. much homework C. many houseworks22. Please make for the old man.A. a room B. room C. the room 23. Ill give you to finish the work.A. two days time B. two days time C. two days time24. We walk with our .A. foots B. foot C. feet25. She often goes to the factory , not by bus.A. by foot B. on foot C. by her foot26. How many can you see in the picture?A. monkey B. monkeys C. monkeies27. “What is she?” “She is .”A. Lily B. her sister C. a girl student28. The sun rises in the and goes down in the .A. west, east B. ease, north C. east, west29. Half of the telephone calls are made in English.A. worlds B. world C. worlds30. We usually have four in the morning.A. class B. classs C. classes31. The of the table are too short.A. leg B. legs C. leggs32. That shop sells clothes.A. the mens B. mens C. mans 33. “Whose room is that?” “Its .”A. my B. my brothers C. my brothers34. How many do you have?A. tooths B. teeth C. toothes35. He is a boy.A. six-year-old B. six-years-old C. six years old36. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection37. Heres