名词分类.doc

第1节 名词分类一名词定义：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中可作主语，宾语或表语等。 单数 ：可用冠词修饰 可数名词 复数 ：名词变复数二名词分类： 用单位词修饰不可数名词 a bottle of orange 不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词：ink/ milk/ rice/ water1. 不定冠词(a/an), 定冠词(the)的用法 a + 辅音因素 a chair ; a new book 不定冠词 an + 元音因素an apple; an hour; There is an s in the six.2. 定冠词“the”的常用用法：a. 前面已经提到过的名词，再次提到时前面加the。如：There was once a man. The man had a hen. The hen gave him a golden egg every day. 从前有个人，他有一只母鸡，这只母鸡每天都给他下一个金蛋。b. 用于宇宙间“独一无二”的天体名词之前。如：the sky/ the moon /the earth /the world/the sun /the universe c. 在方向、方位词的前面。如：the east /the west/the north/the south/the right/the left d. 乐器的前面。如：the piano/the violin 第2节 名词变复数1. 直接在词尾加 “s” book-books desk-desks/shop-shops/wall-walls2. 单词以s、sh、ch、x结尾，在单词的词尾加 “es”bus-buses/dish-dishes/watch-watches/box-boxes 3. 以y结尾，如果y前是辅音字母，把y变i加es, 如果y前是元音字母，就直接加s. family-families day-days 有生命：词尾加es tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes4. 以“o”结尾无生命：词尾加s piano-pianos photo-photos radio-radiosbamboo-bamboos (例外)5. 以f或fe结尾，把f或fe变成“ves”life-lives/knife-knives/wife-wives 国籍类名词变复数方式 中日不变，英法变，其余国家加“s”Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-Americans名词变复数的不规则变化man-men woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet mouse-mice child-children第3节 不可数名词的数量化1. 用单位名词来表示一定的数量：a glass of.; a cup of.; a bottle of.; a piece of.2. 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词的不定量代词修饰可数名词的代词：some, any, many, a lot of=lots of, a little, little 注：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定和疑问句，但表示希望得到对方肯定回答的时候在疑问句中用some 代替any 如：Would you like some tea? Yes, Id like to. There are some flowers in the basket. 篮子里面有一些花。 There is not any eggs in the box. 盒子里面没有多少鸡蛋了。 There are many people in the square. 有很多人在广场上了。 There are a lot of(lots of) people in the swimming pool. 有很多人在游泳池里。 There are a few oranges,but few apples in the fridge. 冰箱里有几个橘子,但苹果所剩无几了。 修饰不可数名词的代词: some, any, much, a lot of=lots of, a few , few 如：There is some water left in the bottle.瓶子里还有一些水。 There is not any milk in the bottle.瓶子里没有多少牛奶了。 There is much time to finish your homework.有大量的时间来完成你的家庭作业。The little girl wants a little milk.这个小女孩想要些牛奶。名词做定语：两个名词组成的词组，其中前面的名词做后面名词的定语 （1）多数情况下，前面的名词用其单数形式做定语：apple tree （2）man woman 做定语时，后复其复，后单其单：man doctor ; women nurses （3）sport 永远用它的复数形式做定语： sports shop第4节 名词所有格一 含义：名词所有格表示所属关系，翻译成汉语中的“的”。分类如下： 有生命 单数形式：s (1) 单数变复数加s 如: the boys ball复数形式:s (2) 特殊变化的名词加s如:childrens toys 无生命：用of表示名词多有格：the picture of the family二“共有”和“分拥”问题： 1. 表示几个人共同拥有一样东西时，只需在最后一个人的名字后面加“ s ”如：表示各自所有，则需要在每个名字后加“ s ” This is Tom and Jacks room. 这是汤姆和杰克的房间。（共有） They are Toms and Jacks rooms. (这是汤姆和杰克各自的房间) 2. 为了避免重复，名词所有格修饰的词可以省略。 如：My room is bigger than Toms. My room is bigger than Toms room. （我的房间比Tom的房间大）名词练习题一、请把下列名词单数变为复数policeman boy sweater family postman bus chair shop pencil-box box foot shelf tooth city child fish hero leaf potato heep 二、把下列名词复数变为单数geese oranges_families_ leaves_dishes_ boxes_ watches_ tomatoes_books_ tables_ pens_ women_三、选择正确的名词形式填空1.Would you like some _?A.breades B.bread C.breads2.I will tell you _.A.a good news B.good a news C.a piece of good news D.some piece of good news3.We know _ travels very fast.A.sound B.sounds C.a sound D.the sound4.I bought a box of _ yesterday.A.pear B.apple C.apples5.She has five _.A.pen B.hat C.stickers6.-What are those? -They are _.A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes7.They have a big _.A.living room B.reading rooms C.bathrooms8.Lets get some _.A.pear B.oranges C.apple9.Do you want some _?A.apple B.butter C.egg10.How many _ are there on the farm?A.ducks B.duck C.duckes11.Where is the _ office?A.teacher B.teacher C.teachers D.teachers12.Zhang Lei is _.A.mine friend B.friends of my sister C.a friend to my sister D.a friend of my sisters13.I want _,please.A.a glass water B.a water C.two glass of water D.a glass of water14.There is a _ and two _ in my bag.A.pencil box;pen B.pencil box;pencils C.pencil boxes; pens D. pencil boxes; pencils15.She has two big _.A.eyes B.eye C.nose D.mouth16.Mr. Smith is _ father. They are sisters.A. Lucys and Lilys B. Lucy and Lilys C.Lucys D.Lilys17. _are big and bright.A. The classrooms windows B. The window of the classroomC. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms wondow18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A.The box weight B.The box of weightC.The weight of the box D.The boxs weight19.I will give you _ to finish it.A.two weeks time B.two weeks time C.two week time D.two weeks time20.Joan is _ sister.A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and JacksC. Marys and Jack D. Mary and Jacks21.There are _ on the desk.A.some paper B.five pieces of paperC.five piece of paper D.a piece of papers22.The farmer raised ten _.A.sheeps B.deers C.horse D.sheep23.The old man has _ on his nose. A.a glass B.a glasses C.a pair of glasses D.a pair of glass24.There are some _ in these _.A.knives;pencil-boxB.knives;pencil-boxC.knives;pencil-boxes D.knives;pencils-boxs25. _ of us are from Hebei Province.A.Some B.Any C.some D.any26. I dont have _ questions.A.some B.any C.a D.an27.Does_ of you know him?A.Some B.Any C.any D.some28.I have _ paper.A.any B.a C.an D.some29There arent _ pupils in the classroom.A.any B.some C.a D.an30. Are there _ eggs on my desk? Yes,there are _.A.some;some B.some;any C.any;some D.any;any31.There are _ eggs in the basket.A.fewer B.a few C.a little D.little32.I have _ time now. I cant help you.A.a few B.few C.little D.a little33. Its hot today. _pupils are playing on the playground.A. Few B. A few C.Little D. A little34. There is _water in the bottle. I cant drink it.A.few B.a few C.little D. a little35.Tom can speak _ Japanese now.A.few B.a few C.little D. a little四、把单数名词与复数名词形式用线连起来A.boxes B.Chinese C.deer D.feet E.maps F.heroes G.classes H.lives I.sheep J.Americansmap class life box Chinese hero foot deer American sheep 五、用所给名词的正确形式填空1.Are there any _ (picture) on the wall?2.I like _ (winter) best.3.We have three _ (bag)of _ (peach).4.Have some _ (strawberry),please.5.Im hungry. Id like some _ (food)6.All the _ (boy) stand by the window.7.Is there any _ (water )in the box?8.Tom, do you have an _ _ (orange T-shirt)?9.There is some _ (chicken) in the bowl.10.Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange) juice,please?11.I would like some apple _ (juice) I am very thirsty.12.Would you like some _ (water)?六、圈出正确的翻译1.露西的帽子 A. Lucy hat B.Lucys hat C.Lucys hat2.我妹妹的书 A. My sister bookB. My sisiters book C. Mys sisters book3.猫的尾巴 A.the cat tail B.the cats tail C.the cat tail4.今天的报纸 A.today paper B.todays paper C.today paper5.我的一位朋友 A.my a friend B.a friend of my C. a friend of mine6.问题的答案 A.the questions answer B.the answer for the question C. the answer to the question7.怀特先生的汽车 A.Mr. Whites carB. Mr. White car C. Mr whites car 8.汤姆的妈妈 A. Tom motherB. tom mot