复合句(二).doc

The train had left when I got to the station. 我到车站时火车已经开走了。When the lights are red the traffic must stop. 红灯亮时须停车。Ill tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。As he walked, he sang happily. 他一边走一边高兴地唱着歌。While I was reading, he came in. 我正在看书时他进来了。Go straight on until you come to the post office and then turn left. 一直向前走到邮局再向左转。She wont go away till you promise to help her. 在你答应帮助她之前，她不会走的。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of when happened. 直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。Great changes have taken place since our home town was liberated. 我们家乡自从解放以来发生了很大变化。It is (has been)five years since the man died. 那人已死五年了。Ill go with you to the cinema this afternoon if Im free. 如果我有空，下午就和你一起去看电影。As long as I live, I shall work hard. 只要我活着，我就要拼命工作。The students went to farm because the farmers needed some help学生都去农场了，因为农民需要帮忙。Since you ask, I will tell you.既然你问，我就告诉你。As you are tired, youd better rest.你已疲倦，最好休息一下。特别提醒 because(因为)不能和so(所以)用在同一个句子中。His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏，他必须刷一下。The suit cost so much that he didnt buy it. 那套衣服太贵，他没有买。He became so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气愤得说不出话来。It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这只箱子这么重，没有人能搬得动。特别提醒 so.that与suchthat的区别是so后跟形容词或副词，such后跟名词。The story is so interesting that everybody likes reading it.这个故事非常有趣，人人都喜欢读。Its such an interesting story that everybody likes reading it.这样有趣的故事人人都喜欢读。The child is so young that he cant go to school.The child is too young to go to school.。If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.如果你的确知道(答案)，就用足够大的声音来回答，以便全班同学都能听得见。We stopped at Hangzhou so that we might go to the West Lake. 我们在杭州小,以便能去看看西湖。She hurried to school so that she might not be late. = She hurried to school (in order ) not to be late. 她急急忙忙去上学，为了不迟到。I posted the letter today in order that you could get it tomorrow.为了使你明天能收到这封信，我今天去寄过了。In order that every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again.为了使每个学生都能理解，老师一遍又一遍地讲解那一段。Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily. 尽管雨下得很大，王大夫仍去了医院。Although I am tired, I must go on working. 我虽然累了，但必须继续干。Clever as he is, he doesnt study well. 虽然他很聪明，但学习成绩不好。Rich as he is, he is not happy. 他虽富有，但不快乐。注意although/though (虽然) 不能与but (但是) 同用在一个句中，两者只能用其一。I know you better than he does. 我比他了解你。This story is as interesting as that one (is). 这个故事和那个故事一样有趣。He isnt as old as he looks. 他实际上不像看上去这样老。I hear (that) hell be back in a month. 我听说他一个月后回来。He said (that)it was very cold in Moscow. 他说莫斯科非常冷。Lily asked if/whether they had a dark blue one. 莉莉问他们有没有深蓝色的。She asked Lucy if she could go and get some. 她问露西能否去买一些来。I dont know whether/if she will be able to come. 我不知道她是否能来。I was not sure whether/if he would come. 我没有把握他会不会来。The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是那部电影是否值得看。Whether we go or not matters little. 我们去不去没有什么关系。He does not know whether to work or play. 他不知道工作好呢，还是玩好呢？I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这项计划。Whether or not it rains, Im going to have a party tomorrow. 不管下雨不下雨，明天我都要举行宴会。Tell me whether or not I should invite Nick and his wife. 告诉我，我应不应该邀请尼克夫妇。3.Who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, how, why等引导宾语从句须用陈述语序。He asked what size dress you wore. 他问你穿多大尺码的衣服。He asked where I came from. 他问我是哪里人。I dont know when the meeting will begin. 我不知道会议什么时候开。he will ask Mr Hu to give Jim some work.He says that Jim isnt lazy.Jim is doing very well in his lessons.Jim may fall behind the other students.She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。He said that there wasnt time to go to the center of the city.他说没有时间去市中心。He said that he was working hard on his Chinese. 他说他在努力学习汉语。She told me she was writing a letter. 她告诉我说她在写一封信。He said that he had bought one yet. 他说他已经买了一个。She asked if I had been to England. 她问我是否去过英国。Betty said she would visit her uncle next Saturday. 贝蒂说她下周将去看望她叔叔。He said there would be concert that evening. 他说晚上有音乐会。(5)如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声传播得快。He said that the sun is bigger than the earth. 他说太阳比地球大。He asked whether they needed some more tea. 他问他们是否需要更多的茶。I wasnt sure if he would come. 他会不会来，我没有把握。一般疑问句变为宾语从句时由whether或if引导，须注意语序变化。Will Tom be back soon? Could you tell us? Could you tell us if(whether)Tom will be back soon?I dont know where he lives.(误：I dont know where does he live.)A plane is a machine that can fly.The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.Who is the man that is reading the book over there?The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister. The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells wellThe songs which the Beatles sang were wery popular.The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.Mrs Evans is the person to whom you should write. 直击中考1. How did you try to get to school on time _ you missed the school bus? (2003江西)A. when B. if C. once D. that点拨 答案是A。 此题考查when (当时候)引导时间状语从句的用法。“当你没有赶上校车的时候你是怎样设法准时到校的？” 注意：when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词常用终止性动词；while (当时候)引导时间状语从句的谓语动词常用延续性动词，并多用进行时态。2. Is David at school today? (2003兰州)No, he is at home_ he has a bad cold.A. because B. if C. though D. until点拨 答案是A。 此题考查because (因为)引导原因状语从句的用法。“他在家里因为他患了重感冒”。从句和主句是因果关系。四个选项because (因为)引导原因状语从句；if (如果)引导条件状语从句；though (虽然；尽管)表示让步关系；until(直到才)引导时间状语从句。3. The poor man ate a big breakfast _ he said he wasnt hungry. (2003广州)A. sinceB. becauseC. thoughD. for点拨 答案是C。 though引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。since可引导原因状语从句(既然；由于)或时间状语从句(自从以来)；because用来引导原因状语从句；for可用来说明理由。 4. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top. (2003吉林)A. so; asB. so; that C. as; as D. too; to点拨 答案是B。 so.that.引导结果状语从句。“那座山非常陡峭，我们市没有几个人能够到达顶峰”。so.as; as.as之间用原级，表示“两者程度(不)相同”，表示对比；too.to结构意为“太不能”，to后跟不定式，不能跟从句。5. She will have a holiday as soon as she _ the work next week. (2003北京西城区)A. finishesB. doesnt finishC. will finish D. wont finish点拨 答案是A。 在含有as soon as, until, when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时或含有将来的意义，则从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。6. I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too. (2003江西)You mean if Sue comes youll come?A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 点拨 答案是B。此题考查unless引导条件状语从句的时态。在含有 if, unless, so long as, in case 等引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，当主句是一般将来时或含有将来的意义时，条件状语从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。7. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? (2003山西)Sorry, Ive no idea.A. thatB. weatherC. whatD. which点拨 答案是B。 题意是“你直到我能否通过这次考试吗？”whether(是否)引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句，从句语序须用陈述语序。that, what, which在句中均讲不通。8. Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? (2003杭州)Usually it comes by 4:00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what点拨 答案是A。 how, where, when, what都可作连接副词或连接代词引导宾语从句，并作从句的状语等。根据答语Usually it comes by 4:00.(通常4点前到)可知，宾语从句应由when引导，并作从句的时间状语。9. Id like to know _ or not. (2003广东)A. whether will he come B. whether has he comeC. whether he will come D. that he will come 点拨 答案是C。 此题考查宾语从句的语序问题。以whether, if以及连接代词what, who(whom),whose, which和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句应用陈述语序，即“whether/if/what/which./where/when.+主语+谓语+”，而不能受疑问句的影响而用疑问语序。10. They asked me _ during the May Day holidays. (2003青海)A. where had I gone B. where I had beenC. where had I been D. where I had gone点拨 答案是B。 “他们问我五一长假去过什么地方”。此题考查宾语从句与主句时态一致性问题。当主句谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词须是过去时态的某一种。如果主句谓语动词所表示的动作和宾语从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，则宾语从句谓语动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。如果宾语从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则宾语从句用过去完成时。 此题易误选D。have gone to表示“去某地了”，现在不在说话地点。11. She didnt tell us _. (2003桂林)A. how old the patient is B. how old was the patientC. how old the patient was D. how old is the patient点拨 答案是C。考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故可首先排除B, D两项。由于主句是一般过去时，根据时态一致性原则，宾语从句也应用过去时，故排除A。12. Could you let me know _ yesterday? (2003北京西城区)Because the traffic was heavy .A. why did you come lateB. why you came lateC. why do you come lateD. why you come late点拨 答案是B。考查宾语从句的时态和语序。首先可排除A, C两项，因为这两项是疑问句语序，宾语从句需用陈述语序。尽管主句是一般现在时，但从其时间状语yesterday以及答语Because the traffic was heavy不难判断出宾语从句应为一般过去时。13. In the street I met the scientist _ gave us a talk last week. (2003贵阳)A. he B. which C. who D. what 点拨 答案是C。 which和who都可作关系代词引导定语从句。当定语从句所修饰的先行词是事物，关系代词用which; 定语从句所修饰的先行词是人，关系代词用who。that作关系代词即可指人，也可指物。关系代词作定语从句的宾语时可以省略。14. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. (2003杭州)A. who B. whomC. he D. which点拨 答案是A。考查关系代词的用法。定语从句要由关系代词引导，首先排除C项；先行词teacher是指“人”的名词，which用来指“物”，故D项也要被排除；根据定语从句loved climbing可知，关系代词在从句中作主语，whom是作宾语的，故又被排除，剩下A项是正确答案，who作从句主语。15. Thats the only thing _ cant be forgotten in my life. (2003兰州)A. that B. which C. who D. /点拨 答案是A。先行词thing(事情)，指“事物”，who是指“人”的，要首先被排除；从句本身缺少主语，关系代词不可省略，故又可排除D。that和which都可用来指“事物”，该用哪一个呢？当先行词被the very, the only, the same, all, no, any, every, little, much或形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时，关系代词只用that而不用which。专项训练1. He hurt her _ badly _ she had to see a doctor.A. too; thatB. so; thatC. either; orD. too; to2. Hes good at volleyball _ he isnt tall enough.A. because B. after C. though D. since3. _ she was not well, I decided to go without her.A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of4. Tom stayed at home yesterday _ he had a bad cold.A. because B. if C. though D. before5. Joan didnt know anything about it _ Mrs Brown told her.A. after B. until C. if D. because6. We will visit the Great Wall _ it doesnt rain tomorrow.A. untilB. beforeC. asD. if7. Tom stayed at home yesterday _ he had a bad cold.A. because B. if C. though D. before8. Joan didnt know anything about it _ Mrs Brown told her.A. after B. until C. if D. because9. Please answer in a loud enough voice _ all the class may hear.A. when B. so that C. though D. because10. Ill work _ I can.A. so hardly as B. so hard asC. as hardly as D. as hard as11. She said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what12. Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?Usually it comes by 4:00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what13. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?Sorry, Ive no idea.A. thatB. weatherC. whatD. which14. We dont know _ he is. They say he is much better these days.A. whatB. whoC. howD. where15. The man asked me if I _ him the way to the bus stop.A. can tell B. could tellC. will tell D. tell16. He told me that he _ a cold for three days.A. has B. had caughtC. had had D.has has17. They wondered if their teacher _ them another story the next week.A. would tell B. had toldC. will tell D. told18. Could you tell me _ yesterday?A. what they do B. what they didC. what do they do D. what did they do 19. I knew that the sun _ in the east when I was a child.A.will riseB. roseC. riseD. rises20. Could you tell me _? A. where is the station B. where the station isC. is where the station D. the station is where21. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. who C. whoseD. whom22. This is the very watch _ I have been looking for.A. which B. that C. who D. whom23. The coat, _ I paid 40 dollars, was lost.A. which B. that C. for which D. to which 24. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking25. In the dark street there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom26. All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which27. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A. these B. those C. that D. which28. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when29. Take care of the boy and the dog _ are crossing the street.A. which B. who C. that D. whom30. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that答案与解析1. B. so.that引导结果状语从句，根据题意判断。“他把她伤得太重了，她不得不去看医生”。2. C. though引导让步状语从句。根据题意判断。“虽然他个子不够高，但是他排球打得好。”3. B. 此题考查as(由于)引导原因状语从句的用法。要根据主句和从句的逻辑关系来确立关联词。此题从句意思是“她身体不好”，主句意思是“我决定独自去”，从句和主句是因果关系。though (虽然; 尽管)表示转折关系; when (当时候)表示时间; because of (因为)表示原因，后跟名词，不能接从句，故只有B是正确答案。4. A. 此题考查because (因为)引导原因状语从句的用法。“汤姆昨天呆在家里因为他患了重感冒。”从句和主句是因果关系。四个选项because (因为)引导原因状语从句; if (如果)引导条件状语从句; though (虽然)表示转折关系; before (在之前)引导时间状语从句。5. B. 此题考查until引导时间状语从句的用法。主句意思是“琼不知道任何情况”，从句意思“ 布朗夫人告诉她”，即“在布朗夫人告诉琼之前她不知道任何情况”。在否定句中，until 表示“在之前”，“直到才”。又如I wont believe you until I see with my own eyes.“我直到亲眼看见才会相信你的话”。在肯定句中until 的意思是“直到为止”，如Ill wait until the rain stops.“我要一直等到雨停”。6. D. if引导条件状语从句。根据句子意思判断。试想“明天不下雨”和“我们将去长城”有什么关系？“如果明天不下雨我们就去长城”。7. A. 此题考查because (因为)引导原因状语从句的用法。“汤姆昨天呆在家里因为他患了重感冒。”从句和主句是因果关系。四个选项because (因为)引导原因状语从句; if (如果)引导条件状语从句; though(虽然)表示转折关系; before (在之前)引导时间状语从句。8. B. 此题考查until引导时间状语从句的用法。主句意思是“琼不知道任何情况”，从句意思“ 布朗夫人告诉她”，即“在布朗夫人告诉琼之前她不知道任何情况”。在否定句中，until 表示“在之前”，“直到才”。9. B. 此题考查so that(为了)引导目的状语从句的用法。主句意思是“请用足够大的声音回答”，从句意思是“全班都能够听到”，分析主从句关系，分别将选项when (当时候)，so that (为了)，though (虽然)，because (因为)代入验证，只有so that符合句义。10. D. 此题考查as (像一样)引导比较状语从句的用法。“我将尽力工作”。as+原级+ as (像一样)，hardly (几乎不)，hard (努力地)，故C不对。11. A. 此题考查引导宾语从句的引导词用法。where, which, what引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，并充当从句的某一成分。从整个宾语从句看，并不缺少句子成分。that引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句，口语中可省略，没有词义，不作从句的任何成分，只起引导作用。12. C. how, where, when, what都可作连接副词或连接代词引导宾语从句，并作从句的状语等。根据答语Usually it com