pay 和pay for.doc

pay，pay for的区别2007-10-26 14:44一、pay，pay for的区别pay to give money for goods，services付款，给报酬pay a bill付帐；pay sbto do sth雇某人做某事；full pay全薪； half pay半薪；pay off偿清，付清；pay back偿付，报答辨析pay，pay for两者都可表示“付款”，但用法不同：pay用作及物动词时，后面接表示人的词语，即pay sb意为“付款给某人”。如：He paid me five yuan他付了我五元钱。Have you paid the doctor yet？医生的酬金付了吗？pay for中的pay为不及物动词，其宾语多为物，即pay for sth，意为“付款买某物”；其宾语为人时，即pay for sb，意为“替某人付款。”如：Shall I pay for you？我替你付款好吗？He cant pay for the TV set at the moment他现在还不能给这台电视机付款。How much did you pay for all these things？你买所有这些东西一共花了多少钱？另外，表示“给某人钱买”，可用“pay（sb）钱for sth”。如：I paid the shopkeeper 10 yuan for the book我向店主付了十元钱买这本书。二、prepare 用法归纳：一、 prepare用作及物动词时：1. prepare sth. 表示准备.，后接名词或代词作宾语。 Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.我进办公室时，我们的英语老师在备课。当宾语是食物之类的东西时，可译为制；做。 Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen while Father was watching TV. 妈妈在做饭，而爸爸在看电视。2. prepare sb. sth.表示给.准备.，也可转换为prepare sth. for sb. 。 She prepared us a nice breakfast. （= She prepared a nice breakfast for us.） 她给我们准备了可口的早餐。 3. prepare sb. for sth.表示使某人对某事有所准备。 She said so because she wanted to prepare her father for the bad news. 她这样说是因为她想使爸爸对那个坏消息有所准备。4. prepare to do sth.表示准备做.。 They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain. 他们正准备过河，突然下雨了。二、 prepare用作不及物动词时：1. prepare for sth. 表示为.做准备。 The students are busy preparing for the final exam. 学生们正在准备期末考试。三、prepare的名词形式为preparation，它可以和介词in一起构成in preparation for短语；也可和动词make一起构成make preparations for短语，表示为.做准备。 We are getting things together in preparation for the journey.我们正在收拾东西准备旅行。 They have made preparations for what will happen.他们已为将要发生的事情做了准备。（四）prepare是一动词,意为准备。其用法相当灵活,现归纳如下:1. prepare sth.是准备,宾语是所准备的内容。如:Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房准备饭菜。He had a speech to prepare that evening. 那天晚上他得准备一个报告。2. prepare to do sth. 准备做某事,如:Taking out a piece of paper, he prepared to write to his parents. 他拿出纸,准备给父母写信。He is preparing to go on a trip. 他正准备去旅行。3. prepare for sth. 是为做准备,for是准备的目的。如:He is busy preparing with great care for the Congress. 他们正忙着精心准备这次代表大会。Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望,做最坏的准备。4. prepare sth. for. 为准备某物,如:Please prepare the table for the dinner. 请摆好桌子吃饭。You must prepare a room for the guest. 你必须为客人准备一个房间。Mr Smith is preparing his speech for the meeting tomorrow. 史密斯先生正在为明天会上的讲话做准备。5. prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对进行准备,如:We have to prepare the students for that work step by step. 我们要为学生进行这项工作一步步做好准备。The doctors and nurses are preparing the patient for the operation. 医生和护士们在使病人为做手术而进行准备。He prepared himself for defeat. 他使自己对失败作好准备。6. prepare sb. to do sth. 使某人准备做某事,如:They prepared themselves to accept the defeat.他们准备好接受失败的结果。Father is preparing my little brother to go to school. 父亲为我小弟弟上学做准备。7. be prepared for sth.=get ready for sth. 为做好了准备,强调状态。如:They were prepared for the worst. 他们已准备好了应付最坏的情况。He was not prepared for the question. 对这个问题,他没有做好思想准备。8. be (well) prepared to do sth. 准备、打算做某事,如:We are prepared to supply the goods you asked for. 我们准备好供应你要的货物。Im not prepared to listen to your weak excuses. 我不想听你那站不住脚的借口。9. be prepared against sth. 对做好准备,against有与作斗争、抵御之意。如:Were fully prepared against any aggression. 我们对任何侵略都做好了充分的准备。Be prepared against war, be prepared against natural disasters and do everything for the people. 备战,备荒,为人民。prepare 的名词是preparation,常用复数,表示具体的准备工作。如:The preparations for the party took hours. 聚会的准备工作花了几个小时。可以用于以下一些短语:make preparations for 为做准备,如:She is making preparations for her marriage. 她正在为自己的婚事做准备。make preparations against sth. 为对付 / 防止做准备,如:We must make preparations against natural disasters. 我们必须为防止自然灾害做准备。in preparation for 为做准备,如:Were getting things together in preparation for the journey. 我们正在收拾东西准备旅行。He is training in preparation for the next football match. 他在训练准备下一轮足球赛。另外,prepare还有配制、调制(点心、药、菜等)之意。如:He is preparing a medicine. 他正在配药。help用法讲与练 Help 是中学英语中重要的动词，其热点句型如下： 1. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。 Can you help me to learn English ? 你能帮助我学英语吗？ I cant help you to lift this stone. 我不能帮你搬这块石头。 2. be of some/ no/ much help to sb. 对某人有些 / 没有 / 很有帮助。 This book is of great help to me. 这本书对我很有帮助。 Is this magazine of any help to you ? 这本杂志对你有些帮助吗？ 3. help oneself （ to ）自用（食物等）。 Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。 Please help yourself to some pork. 请随便吃点肉。 4. help sb. into/ out of 搀扶某人进入 / 走出。 He helped the patient out of the hospital. 他搀扶病人走出了医院。 Can you help the patient into the hospital ? 你能搀扶病人进医院吗？ 5. help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 When Im in trouble, he always helps me out with money. 每当我处境困难时，他总是用金钱帮助我渡过难关。 Please help me out with this problem. 请帮我解这道试题。 6. with the help of 在帮助下。 With the help of her, he found his lost child. 在她的帮助下，他找到了失踪的小孩。 7. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。 Please help me with my French. 请帮我学法语。 Can you help him with this work ? 你能帮助他完成这项工作吗？ 8. help to do sth. 有助于做某事。 This program helps to improve our English. 这个计划有助于我们提高英语成绩。 His speech helps to understand the policy. 他的演讲有助于理解这个政策。 巩固练习 根据中文提示完成下列各句。 1. Im sorry ， I cant _ _ _ _ _ （帮助你解） this problem. 2. Dont you think this book _ _ _ _ （很有帮助）？ 3. Im busy now ， and I cant _ _ _ （帮助你做） your homework. 4. Im sure this movement _ _ _ （有助于增加） our understanding. 5. _ _ _ _ （在的帮助下） Li Ping ， I passed the exam smoothly. 6. Dont worry ，if you meet with difficulty ， Ill _ _ _ （帮助你克服困难）。 7. Would you please _ _ _ （随便吃） some meat ？ 8. He _ his grandmother _ _ （搀扶从出来） the car. 试题答案 1. help you to work out 2. is of much/ great help 3. help you with/do 4. helps to increase 5. With the help of 6. help you out 7. help yourself to 8. helped ， out ofeither,neither 辨析：1、either意思是两者中的任何一个，neither意思是两者都不，两个词在句中都可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 作主语时，可单独使用，也可以与of连用，either，neither接谓语动词一般用单数形式，但这两者在口语中作主语时，其后的谓语动词也可以用复数。例如： Either(of them)is OK. (他们两个中)任何一个都行。 作宾语,可单独使用，也可以与of连用，放在动词或介词之后。例如： I dont know which book is the better；I shall read both.我不知道这两本书哪一本好，所以我两本都读。 I like neither.(两个)我一个也不喜欢。 作定语,either和neither后面接单数名词。例如： On either side of the river there are a lot of trees.河的两边都有许多树。 句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 Neither of the films is good. 两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的） Either of the films is good. （作主语，谓语动词用单数） 两部电影中有一部不错。 He wrote to neither of them. 他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。 He wrote to either of them.(作宾语) 他给他们中的一个人写了信。 Neither teacher often answers the questions. 这两个老师，没有一个经常解答问题。 Either teacher often answers the questions. 这两个老师中有一个常常解答问题。 Both the teachers often answer the questions.（作定语） 这两个