河北省石家庄市栾城县高考英语 阅读理解及书面表达练习（11） (2).doc

河北省石家庄市栾城县2016高考英语 阅读理解及书面表达练习（11）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。how is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? one answer is that in fact each sibling grows upin a different family. the firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. the next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. the mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. one sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father. sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. but more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each otherslives. dr. annette henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. the reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one- on- one time with parents. but that doesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. later- borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “i” and “me”.a cambridge university study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. love- hate relationships were common among the children. even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.one way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being morefeminine than girls with sisters. a 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.1. the underlined part “in a different family” (in para. 1) means _.a. in a different family environment b. in a different family traditionc. in different family crises d. in different families2. in terms of language development, later- borns_ .a. get their parentsindividual guidance b. learn a lot from their elder siblingsc. experience a lot of difficulties d. pick up words more quickly3. what was found about fights among siblings?a. siblings hated fighting and loved playing.b. siblings in some families fought frequently.c. sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.d. siblings learned to get on together from fights.4. the word“feminine” (in para. 4) means _.a. having qualities of parents b. having qualities of womenc. having defensive qualities d. having extraordinary qualities【参考答案】14、abdb阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013安徽，c)when 19yearold sophia giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the makeawish foundation (基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about. but sophia knew just how important makeawish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends. we were interested in finding out more, so we went along to meet sophia and listen to what she had to say.sophia told us that makeawish is a worldwide organization that started in the united states in 1980. “its a charity (慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. makeawish helps children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true，” sophia explained.we asked sophia how makeawish had first started. she said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called chris, who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman. sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make chriss dream come true，so with everybodys help, chris, only seven years old at the time, had been a “policeman” for a day. “when people saw how delighted chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of makeawish，”explained sophia.sophia also told us the foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. a makeawish volunteer visits the families and asks the children whatever they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. they do this either by providing things that were necessary, or by raising money or helping out in what way they can.文章大意：本文借sophia之口，让我们了解了makeawish foundation一个全球性的慈善组织，它帮助身患重病的孩子实现他们的愿望。8sophia found out about makeawish because her best friend had _.abenefited from it bvolunteered to help it cdreamed about it dtold the author about it答案：a细节理解题。根据第一段的“but sophia knew just how important make a wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends .”可知，因为make a wish曾经帮助sophia的一个朋友实现了愿望，所以sophia才知道这个组织是多么的重要，才了解了这一组织的更多内容。9according to sophia, makeawish _.ais an international charitybwas understood by nobody at firstcraises money for very poor familiesdstarted by drawing the interest of the public答案：a推理判断题。根据第二段的第一、二句可知，make a wish是一个全球性的组织，而且是一个慈善机构，故a项正确；大家不理解的是sophia去当志愿者帮助make a wish，而不是没人理解make a wish，故排除b项；make a wish是帮助身患重病的孩子实现愿望，而不是为穷苦家庭募捐，故c项错误；d项不是文章的内容。10what is said about chris in paragraph 3?ahe has been a policeman since he was seven.bhe gave people the idea of starting makeawish.che wanted people to help make his dream come true.dhe was the first child makeawish helped after it had been set up.答案：b推理判断题。由第三段可知，chris当了一天的警察，故排除a项；人们帮助chris实现了他当警察的愿望，而且这就是make a wish的开始，故b项正确；很多人想帮助chris，但文章未提chris想让人们帮助他实现梦想，故排除c项；d项不是文章的内容。11which of the following is true about makeawish volunteers?athey are important for making wishes come true.bthey try to help children get over their illnesses.cthey visit sick children to make them feel special.dthey provide what is necessary to make makeawish popular.答案：a推理判断题。根据最后一段的“sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.”可知a项正确；志愿者不能帮助孩子们克服他们的疾病，故排除b项；志愿者们拜访孩子们是为了帮助他们实现愿望，而不是使他们感到特别，故c项错误；志愿者提供给孩子们必要的东西是为了帮助他们，而不是使make a wish受欢迎，故d项错误。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013辽宁，c)here is an astonishing and significant fact: mental work alone cant make us tired. it sounds absurd. but a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳). to the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we could find it full of fatigue toxins(霉素) and fatigue products. but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of efforts as at the beginning. the brain is totally tireless. so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes. one of englands most outstanding scientists, j. a. hadfield, says，“the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. in fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” dr. brill, a famous american scientist, goes even further. he declares，“one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”what kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? joy? satisfaction? no! a feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers. hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. we get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.文章大意：最新的研究发现：持续的脑力劳动并不使人疲劳，真正使人疲劳的是一些精神上的消极情绪。12what surprised the scientists a few years ago?afatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.balbert einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.cthe brain could work for many hours without fatigue.da mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.答案：c细节理解题。从第一段的to the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all！可知答案。13according to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?achallenging mental work. bunpleasant emotions. cendless tasks. dphysical labor.答案：b细节理解题。从第三段的one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.可知答案。14whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?ahe agrees with them.bhe doubts them.che argues against them.dhe hesitates to accept them.答案：a推理判断题。从文章的最后一段的we get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body可知，作者同意科学家的观点。15we can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to _.ahave some good foodbenjoy their workcexercise regularlyddiscover fatigue toxins答案：b推理判断题。从文章的最后一段的a feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers.可知推知，要想精力充沛，必须去掉这些负面的东西，而去喜欢工作，享受工作。记叙文型基础写作1-1 专题导读记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体，包括记人记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果六个要素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写，第一人称主要是用于写自传或本人的经历，第三人称是用于写他人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意以下几点：1注意不要漏掉信息点，但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。2信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序，可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺序等。3记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。4高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。典例导练【2011湖北卷改编】请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就“与人合作”这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork.teamwork shows us how other peoples roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.【写作要求】只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。one possible version：years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important for me.in fact, i didnt realize its importance until i was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.at first, i did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities.as a result, i was tired out and depressed so i turned to my teacher, who advised me to cooperate with others.it is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.新题预测【写作要求】只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。 one possible version：yesterday