定语从句考点、热点问题及定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分和专题练习整理.doc

一、定语从句考点及热点问题 定语从句是中学英语学习的主要语法内容之一，也是高考英语的常考知识点。在历年的高考试题中，相对集中地考查了非限定性定语从句、关系代（副）词的用法、语义重复、主谓一致及“介词which（whom）”等有关定语从句的知识。下面以近十年来全国及上海高考题为例，谈谈定语从句的主要考点及其热点问题。 一、非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点，99年和2000年都有这类考题。 1引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用 which（不用that）。例如（MET91）： She heard the terrible noise ，_ brought her heart into her mouth Ait Bwhich Cthis Dthat 答案是B，which指代前面的先行词 noise，引导非限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。 2有时引导词which可以指前面整个句子的含义。例如（NMET2000）： Dorothy was always spe aking highly of her role in the play，_ ，of course ， made the others unhappy Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat（Key：B） 3除which外，还可用when，where ， who（m）等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。例如： Finally I decided to stay in Chong qing， where I finished my college study 4在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限定性定语从句的连词不能省。例如：He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved as his own mother 5置于句首时，非限定性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时as和which都可用。例如（上海高考题94）： _ is known to all，China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 yearstime AThat；advancing BThis ；advanced CAs；advanced DIt；advancing 答案是C。但是当非限定性定语从句是否定意义时，只能用which引导。例如（NM ET94）： The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dif 答案是B，句中的more than的本意为“超过”，“超过了我的预料”即为“我没有预料到”。这里不能用as代替which。 二、先行词是表地点或时间的名词时，引导词的选择。例如（NMET96）： After living in Paris for 50years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a childAwhich Bwhere Cthat Dwhen 答案是B，因为表地点的先行词the small town在从句中作状语；当表地点的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时，则要用that或which引导定语从句。例如： I visited the country which that had been bombed by the US-led NATO（美国为首的北约）a month before I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the countryside with the farmers ，_ has a great effect on my life （上海高考题94） Athat；which Bwhen；which Cwhich；that Dwhen；who（Ke y：B） Ill never forget the ye ars that which I spent with my cousin in Australia 先行词the years在第句中作时间状语，在第句中作spe nt的宾语，此时引导词 that which可省略。 三、“介词关系代词（which whom）”引导的定语从句。例如（上海高考题95）： In the office I neve r seem to have time until after 5：30 pm _ ，many people have gone home Awhose time Bthat Con which Dby which time 答案是D，by which time即by“after 5：30”“到五点三十分以后”。介词的选择，取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系。又如： Lei Feng ，from whom we have once learned a lot，is now an example to the soldiers of West Point Military School（西点军校）of America 关系代词前的介词from，与从句的谓语动词le arn构成习惯表达le arn from（向学习）。 四、语义的重复。例如（上海高考题98）： He made another wonderful discovery，_ of great importance to science Awhich I think is Bwhich I think it is Cwhich I think it DI think is 答案是A。选项B重复了宾语it，因为关系代词which是think的逻辑宾语；此外，引导非限定性定语从句的连词不能省略，故选项D也不对。 五、“介词whom”引导的定语从句与 who whom引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时的区别。试比较： It was a matter of _ would take the position（上海高考题96） Awho Bwhoever Cwhom Dwhomever Kennedy and Johnson，both of were murde red in their terms，once coworked as president and vice -president Awho Bwhoever Cwhom Dwhomever 答案分别为A和C。前者是宾语从句， who引导的整个宾语从句作介词of的宾语，同时who在从句中作主语，所以不能用 whom引导。后者是定语从句，whom作介词 of的宾语（所以不能用who引导），构成介、宾结构，作both的定语，而both才是定语从句的主语。 六、定语从句中的主谓一致问题。试比较： The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far Awhich is on Bthat have not been Cthat has not Dthat has not been 答案分别是D和B。前一例的先行词是 the only one，且指代它的引导词在从句中作主语，故从句的谓语动词必须用单数；又因先行词one被only修饰，所以只能用that引导。当one没有被the only或the very等修饰时，则介词of后面的the film prize s是先行词，从句中的谓语动词就必须用复数，而且引导词既可用that也可用which（第二例）。总之，当引导词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应该与该主语保持一致。 二、定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分 定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。 一、定语从句与并列句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters； _ are doctors 2定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。 二、定语从句与地点状语从句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water I still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago 2定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。因此，从结构上看，小题无表示地点的先行词，故为表示地点的状语从句，填where；小题中the farm是先行词，是定语从句，故填where，此处的 where可用on which替换。 三、定语从句与强调句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works 2定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“It iswas被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。从结构上看，小题是强调句，故填 that。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的It iswas去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。将第小题改为：I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport显然，这句话是正确的，故为强调句。小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。 四、定语从句与结果状语从句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Ihave the same computer _ you have She is such a kind and funny girl _ all of us like to make friends with her 2定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论the sameasthat和suchasthat两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果asthat既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则asthat引导的是定语从句。在the sameasthat结构中，用as指一样的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品，故小题填as；如果asthat在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，则asthat引导的是结果状语从句，故小题填that。 五、定语从句与习惯句型 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life 2这里小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It iswas the firstsecond time that从句。故填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填 when。 六、定语从句与单句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work_ didnt help 2含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词 which，前面整个句子作先行词；小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。三、高考中的定语从句1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy. （2000全国）（B）Awho BwhichCthis Dwhat2. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. （2000北京春季）（C）A. when B. that C. which D. what 3. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. （2000北京春季）（D）A. that B. while C. which D. when 4. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. （01全国）（C） A. until B. that C. when D. where5. _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. （01全国）（B） A. it B. As C. That D. What 6. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季）（C）Ahe Bthis Cwhich Dwho7. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places,_ other visitors seldom go. （02北京）（C）A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when8. The famous basketball star, tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. （02北京春季）（D）A. where B. when C. which D. who9. York, _last year, is a nice old city. （03北京）（B） A. that I visitedB. which I visitedC. where I visited D. in which I visited10. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats . （03北京春季）（A）Awhat makes me feel excitedBwhatever I feel excited aboutChow I feel about itDwhen I feel excited11. We are living in an age many things are done on computer. （03北京春季）（D）AwhichBthatCwhoseDwhen12. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. （04浙江）(D) A. when B. where C. what D. which13. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （04江苏）(D) A. Which B. When C. What D. As14. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京）(D)A the real nameB what his real nameC his real nameD whose real name15. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. （04天津）(D)A whoB thatC whatD which16. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester. （04天津）(D)A thatB untilC sinceD before17. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. （04广西） （A）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which18. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. （04湖南）（C） A. how B. which C. where D. that19. There was time I hated to go to school. （04湖北） (B)Aa; that Ba; when Cthe; that Dthe; when 20. There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. （04湖北） (D)Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which 21. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it. （04湖北） (A)Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which 22. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. （04辽宁） (A)Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 23. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. （04上海） (D)A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 24. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. （04全国I） (C)A for whichB at whichC in whichD on wich25. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _ five are mine. （04全国IV） （C）A on whichB in whichC of whichD from which26. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全国II） (A)A whereB whichC whenD that27. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. （04北京春季）（D） A. itB. that C. thisD. which28. - Why does she always ask you for help? - There is no one else _, is there? (05北京卷) (B) A. who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 29. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山东卷） (C)A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this30. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东卷) (A) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 31. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. （05湖北卷） (D)AwhoBthatCwhatDwhich32. Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. （05湖南卷） (B)A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 33. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏卷) (C)A. which; where B. at which; whichC. at which; where D. which; in which 34. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (05江西卷) (D)Ain thatBfor thatCin whichDfor which 35. I have many friends, some are businessmen. （05全国卷1） (D)Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom 36. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. （05上海卷） (D)A. that B. whichC. whenD. where 37. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. （05浙江卷） (A)AwhichBthat Cthis Dit 38. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. （05浙江卷） (C)AWhenBAfter CAs DSince 39. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. （05重庆卷） (A)A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time 40. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷） (B) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 41. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （05辽宁卷） (C)AwhichBwhenCwhereDthat 42. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? （05北京春季）（C）A. where B. when C. that D. what 四、定语从句强化训练1. Is there a bar around _I can have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 3. Edison made a lot of inventions, _ of great importance. A. which I think are B. which I think they are C. which I think they D. I think which are4. Ill talk about a newly-opened market _ you may get all _ you need. A. in which; which B. where; that C. where; what D. which; that5. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about6. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It7. The fence in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where8. When lost in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. A. what B. so C. just like D. as9. A football fan (球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _ we said goodbye to each other. A. which B. when C. why D. where11. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which12. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _ stands near the post office? A. 不填 B. in which C. that D. where13. His sister had become a teacher, _ was what he wanted to be. A. who B. what C. that D. which14. With the development of agriculture, the people _village I taught before have lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend. A. which B. that C. when D. where16. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. it D. what17. Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car. A. which B. who C. they D. that18. I, _ your friend, will try my best to help you out. A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am19. Is this just the city _ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _. A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /20. Its one of the most interesting stories _ I have _ read A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever21. On my way home in the street I saw a lady _ I thought was your aunt. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose22. I remember that _ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time. A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what23. This is the largest clock in the world, _ the minute hand is six metres long. A. that B. of which C. which D. whose24. China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here25. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. it B. As C. That D. What 26. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. whoC. whom D. that 27. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. thoseC. whichD. what 28. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. thatC. which D. where 29. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all whatC. that all D. all 30. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whosC. whose D. which 31. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. whereC. in which D. the one 32. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in whichD. the one 33. - How do you like the book? - Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. whichC. the one D. the one what 34. Which sentence is wrong? A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land. D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth. 35. The train _ she was traveling was late. A. which B. whereC. on which D. in that 36. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. on whichC. under which D. which 37. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year