The present perfect.ppt

Grammar Thepresentperfecttense 罗伟红 如果你想说 我已经看过某部电影 所以不想看了 某人曾经作过什么事情 等等 该使用何种时态来表达呢 现在完成时Presentperfect Summary 1 定义 现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成 并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作 1 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常与一些时间状语如 already yet ever never just before once twice等连用 2 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在 包括现在在内 的一段时间的状语连用如thesedays today thisyear sofar for 时间段 since 时间点 从句 inthelasttenyears等 谓语只可用延续性动词 2 否定句 现在完成时的否定句式是 haven t hasn t 过去分词 3 疑问句 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前 回答用Yes have has No haven t hasn t 2 构成1 肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是 have has 过去分词 注意 该句式中的have或has是助动词 has用于第三人称单数 其它人称一律用have Howdoweformthepresentperfect 动词过去分词的变化形式大部分与动词过去式形式相同 但是不规则动词的变化形式没有规律 需要记忆 比如 see saw seenbe was were beenbuy bought boughtkeep kept keptgo went gonetake took takenwrite wrote writtenfind found foundmake made madehave had had TalkaboutyourexperiencesusingHaveyouever 1 haveawesternmeal2 writeane mailinEnglish3 haveanEnglishpenfriend4 travelbyplane5 playthepiano6 tryseafood7 cookdinnerforyourparents Example A Haveyoueverhadawesternmeal B Yes Ihave No Ihaven t 3 has havebeentohave hasgonetohave hasbeenin 去过某地表示某人的一种经历 与once twice already ever never等连用 去某地了 说话时还没回来 居住在某地 常和fortendays sinceIcamehere等连用 1 whereisJim HeWuhan 2 MyparentstheGreatWalltwice Theylikethereverymuch youevertotheHappyvalley HowlongPeterChina Mysistertheshop Shewillbebackintwohours SheShanghai Sheisn there SheShanghai Sheishere SheShanghaifortwoyears hasgoneto havebeento Have beento has beenin hasgoneto hasgoneto hasbeento hasbeenin 4 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词 英语动词根据词义可分为两种 一种是延续性的 一种是终止性的 终止性动词 也可称为非延续性动词 瞬间动词 表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成 不能再延续 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用 即不能与表示一段时间的状语 for 时间段 since 时间点 从句连用 也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句 初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有 leave go come arrive begin buy borrow die join become等 终止性动词要表示持续时 可用以下方法 将时间状语改为时间段 ago 句中谓语动词用一般过去时 eg 我弟弟参军两年了 Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago 若保留for 时间段 since 时间点 从句 或用在howlong句型中 则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 eg 我弟弟参军两年了 Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears Mybrotherhasbeenasoldiersincetwoyearsago open beopenbuy havedie bedeadbecome beclose beclosedborrow keepbegin start beonputon wearleave beaway from end finish beovercatchacold haveacoldfallasleep beasleepcome go arrive get reach move beinjointhearmy beinthearmy beasoldierjointheParty beintheParty beaPartymember 常见终止性动词与延续性动词 或状态动词 的对应关系如下 Itis hasbeen 一段时间 since从句 自从某事发生已有一段时间了 eg Itis hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy 我弟弟参军两年了 注意 1 since引导的从句中动词用过去时2 when引导的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用 5 现在完成时中的for与sincefor 时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用since 时间点 从句Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears had Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect IhavegottoParisforoneweek beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears beenin beenasoldier Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect IhaveleftShanghaifor3days beenaway Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago kept Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes beenon Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour beenover Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears beendead Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Shehasmarriedforsixyears beenmarried 6 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响 强调的是现在的情况 不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday in1991 threedaysago lastnight等连用 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实 和现在不发生关系 e g HehasgonetotheSummerPalace 他去颐和园了 强调人已不在这里 HewenttotheSummerPalace 他去了颐和园 强调动作发生在过去 人现在也许回来了 Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttense know haveknown knew Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttense saw have lost Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttense have did move lived Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttense did hasfinished see saw Fillintheblankswiththe