河北省藁城市实验学校中考英语语法复习 非谓语动词及动词短语 人教新目标版.doc

非谓语动词及动词短语动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1、 动名词作主语walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动seeing is believing. 眼见为实。smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。coming to hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如：its nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 its no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。it is no use sending him over. its too late already. 派他去没用，已经太晚了。it was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按时准备好很困难。“there + be + no + -ing”结构，如：there is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。there is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。there is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity. 不容否认新方法大大提高了劳动生产率。 2、 动名词作表语her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是养猪。this food smells inviting. 这种食物香味怡人。the only thing that interests her is dancing. 她唯一感兴趣的事就是跳舞。my favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。to keep money you have found is stealing. 捡到钱不交等于偷窃。3、 动名词作宾语your shoes need polishing. 你的皮鞋该擦了。jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。she cant help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。the doctor advised taking exercise. 医生让多运动。would you mind filling out this form? 请填一下这张表好吗？the thief admitted entering the house. 小偷承认进了屋。have you finished correcting the students papers? 学生们的卷子改完没有？有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。这些动词及短语有：admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon, practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand, think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about, be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to, react to等。the doctor advised taking more exercise. 医生建议多锻炼。 i suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用不同的方法做。do you feel like having a drink? 你想喝点饮料吗？ i prefer swimming to playing basketball. 我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球。有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如：chance to do 碰巧去做某事 chance doing 冒险试一试做某事 forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事 go on to do 接着又做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得曾做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试一试做某事 regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾 mean to do 打算想做某事 mean doing 意味着意思是做某事4、动名词作宾语补语 i found the parade quite interesting to watch. 这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中，后接宾语然后加上-ing分词，构成复合宾语结构，动名词充当宾补成分。 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。如： there we found him watching tv. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。 i heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。 在有些动词(如：regard, describe, accept, think of, quote等)之后，可由as引出-ing分词词组作宾补。如： they regarded the contract as being invalid. 他们认为合同无效。 they described the child as being very clever. 他们描述这孩子非常聪明。 使役动词，如：set, keep, have, get, leave, catch等。如： can you get my watch going again? 你能使我的表再走起来吗？ this sets me thinking. 这使我思考。5、动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间) 打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。 coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间) 进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。 being ill, he couldnt go to school. (原因) 因为生病，他不能去上学。 having no interest in the topic, he didnt go to the lecture. (原因) 由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。 working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件) 只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。 using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件) 利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。 granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步) (尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。 my car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果) 我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。 traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式) 我们坐火车访问了好多城市。 mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随) 玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。6、动名词作定语动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如： a smiling face 笑脸 a leading figure 领导人物 动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如： easy-going man 好说话的人 swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠药片dining-car 餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。 she went on board the train leaving for shanghai. = she went on board the train, which was leaving for shanghai. 她乘坐了去上海的火车。 there are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. = there are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park. 在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。初中英语语法列表动词不定式（二）1.不定式的特殊句型tooto1) tooto 太以至于he is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。- can i help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?- well, im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常 等于very。im only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。he was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 2.不定式的特殊句型why notwhy not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 干吗不?例如：why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?3.不定式的时态和语态时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。he seems to know this.i hope to see you again. = i hope that ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。im sorry to have given you so much trouble.he seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。he seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时：she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.4.动名词与不定式1) 动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。 3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingcease to docease doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingafraid to do afraid doinginterested to dointerested doingmean to domean doingregret to doregret doingbegin/start to dobegin/start doing5.特殊词精讲stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。they stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。i must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。典型例题she reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.a. to have restedb. resting c. to restd. rest答案：c。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。stop doing/to doforget doing/to doforget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)the light in the office is still on. he forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)he forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)典型例题- the light in the office is still on.- oh, i forgot_.a. turning it off b. turn it off c. to turn it off d. having turned it off答案：c。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。try doing/to dotry to do努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。you must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。i tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。after he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕；be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。she was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。she was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。she was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。be interested doing/to dointerested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。i shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)im interested in working in switzerland. do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)mean to doing/to domean to do 打算、想mean doing意味着i mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。to raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。begin(start) doing/to dobegin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.1) 谈及一