河北省邢台县高考英语阅读理解及书面表达选练（10）.doc

河北省邢台县2016高考英语阅读理解及书面表达选练（10）近几年，随着网络的普及，越来越多的学生书写明显退步。为了保护传统的民族文化汉字，你学校学生会向全校学生提出建议： 1. 减少课外上网时间，多读书； 2. 养成每天记日记的好习惯，练习书法； 3. 少发电子邮件，尽量动手给亲朋好友写书信。请你根据以上内容，代表学生会写一封英文倡议书。 注意：1. 词数100左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯； 3. 邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好。 4. 参考词汇:汉字chinese charactersdear friends, _ lets take action now! students union 【参考范文】书面表达dear friends, in recent years, many of us spend a lot of time on the internet with its popularity. as a result, we dont write as well as we did in the past. in order to protect our chinese characters and improve our handwriting, wed like to offer some suggestions: we should spend less time online so that we can have more time to read books. wed better form the habit of keeping diaries every day to practice handwriting. besides, it is better to write letters to our relatives and friends by hand rather than send e-mails. beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students. so please pay more attention to our handwriting in the future. lets take action now! 【广东省深圳市2014高考英语第一次调研考试】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇快讯，报道一次比赛的情况。【写作内容】保护森林，人人有责！比赛目的：培养保护环境习惯主题：废物*利用创意作品*比赛组 织 者：学生会评选过程：1元月1日至2月10日2有900多人参赛，提交了1,000多幅作品3材料主要为废物，利用网络展示结果：1有近200名同学分获一、二、三等奖2李明用旧报纸和杂志制作的作品“保护森林，人人有责”获得了第一名意义：同学们显示了热情，提高了环保意识*废物：waste material*创意作品：creative works【写作要求】只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。【参考范文】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）aiming to cultivate the good habit of protecting the environment, the students union held a creative work competition with the theme of making good use of waste materials. from jan. 1st to feb, 10th, more than 900 students participated and presented through the internet over 1,000 works mainly made of waste materials. about 200 participants got the first, second and third prizes respectively. zhang hua, whose work “protecting the forests, including you and me!” was made of old newspapers and magazines, got the first place. in this activity, the students not only have shown their enthusiasm, but also have raised their awareness of environmental protection. 写作评分标准第一节：基础写作一、评分原则1、本题总分为15分，按3个方面给分。2、评分时，首先根据文章句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性, 初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3、只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。4、评分时，应注意信息内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的准确性、上下文连贯性及语言的得体性。5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6、如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。二、内容要点：（可以有不同的组合）1比赛的时间、对象及主题；2比赛的过程、结果及意义。三、评分标准语言言yan言 言7-8具有很好的语言运用能力；语法和句子结构准确性高，词汇方面使用较好，只有少许错误。5-6具有较好的语言运用能力；语法和句子结构准确性较好，有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。3-4语言运用能力一般；语法和句子结构基本准确，语法结构或词汇方面的错误不影响理解。1-2语言运用能力较差；语法和句子结构基本不够准确，语法结构或词汇方面的错误较多，而且影响了对句子意义的理解。0语言运用能力很差；语法、句子结构、词汇错误很多，句子意义无法理解。备注每多或少写一个句子，扣1分。内 容5包括了所有信息内容。4包括了大部分信息内容。3包括了基本信息内容。2包括了小部分信息内容。1包括了少许信息内容。0没有包括所提供的信息内容。连 贯2内容连贯，而且结构紧凑。1.5内容连贯性比较好，而且结构比较紧凑。1内容连贯性较差，而且结构不够紧凑。0内容缺乏连贯性，而且结构松散。备注文不对题，给0分。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 stress caused by social situations, such as giving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some peoples immune system in ways that harm their health, researchers have found. the study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection also had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social stress. “it turns out there are important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author george slavich, at the cousins center for psychoneuroimmunology at the university of california, los angeles, said in a ucla news release. “for example,” he explained, “we sometimes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, its threatening and sad. in this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health and well-being.”the findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. we have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but its been unclear exactly how these effects occur. as we know, this study is the first to identify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” slavich said. increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune systems natural response to potentially harmful situations, but “frequent or chronic (慢性的) activation of the system may increase the risk for a variety of illnesses,” slavich added. the study was released online aug. 2 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the proceedings of the national academy of sciences.1. where do you first find the study? a. a magazine.b. a website. c. a literature. d. an advertisement. 2. judging from volunteers, might be more likely to have inflammation. a. those who were more sensitive to social rejectionb. those who were purposely put into societyc. those who gave a speech before audienced. those who suffered frequent or chronic illness3. the author quotes examples of the fourth paragraph mainly to. a. show further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connectedb. prove important differences in how people explain and respond to social situationsc. explain volunteers are sensitive to social rejection when exposed to social stressd. make clear that how stress caused by social situations breaks down immune system4. we can infer thatif there is inflammatory response in peoples immune system. a. chronic illness will be caused by the repeated stress b. doctors can identify the neurocognitive pathwaysc. people may avoid being affected by sharp social stressd. risk of getting various diseases will be reduced【参考答案】14、baba阅读理解。habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly，setting our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures，”william wordsworth said in the 19th century. in the everchanging 21st century，even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.so it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新)but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits ，we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. in fact，the more new things we try, the more creative we become.but dont bother trying to kill off old habits；once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain，theyre there to stay. instead，the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “the first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder，” says dawna markova, author of the open mind. “but we are taught instead to decide ，just as our president calls himself the decider. ”she adds, however，that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. a good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” “all of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware，” she says. researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. at the end of adolescence，however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “this breaks the major rule in the american belief systemthat anyone can do anything, ” explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book this year i will.and ms. markovas business partner. “thats a lie that we have preserved，and it fosters commonness. knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. ”this is where developing new habits comes in.本文论述了创新思维与有意识培养新习惯之间的关系。 17brain researchers have discovered that _.a. the forming of new habits can be guidedb. the development of habits can be predictedc. the regulation of old habits can be transformedd. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously答案：a。事实细节题。由第三段首句“rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.”可知a项正确。18the underlined word “ruts” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.a. zones b. connectionsc. situations d. tracks答案：d。词义猜测题。由画线词所在的第四段中的信息词pathway(路，径)和road(路，道路)可推测出d项正确。track路，路径，轨迹。19which of the following statements most probably agrees with dawna markovas view?a. decision makes no sense in choices.b. curiosity makes creative minds active.c. creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.d. formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.答案：b。推理判断题。由第五段首句和尾句尤其是“the first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder(创新的第一要素是好奇)”可推断出b项正确。20the purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us _.a. to give up our traditional habits deliberatelyb. to create and develop new habits consciouslyc. to resist the application of standardized testingd. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits答案：b。主旨大意题。总览文章可知，作者认为创新和新习惯的养成在很多方面是相通的，从而试图说服我们去有意识地创新和培养新习惯。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。most young architectsparticularly those in big citiescan only dream about working in a building of their own. and making that dream come true often means finding a building no one else seems to want,which is exactly what happened to david yocum and his partner,brian bell. their building is a former automobile electrical-parts firm in atlanta. from the outside,it looks too old,even something horrible,but open the door and you are in a wide,open courtyard,lined on three sides with rusting (生锈的)walls.in 2000,yocum and bell found this building in the citys west end. built in 1947,the structure had been abandoned years earlier and the roof of the main building had fallen down. but the price was right,so yocum bought it. he spent eight months of his off-hours on demolition (拆除),pulling rubbish out through the roof,because it was too dangerous to go inside the building. the demolition was hard work,but it gave him time to think about what he wanted to do,and“to treasure what was therethe walls,the rust,the light. “ yocum said. “every season,more paint falls off the walls and more rust develops. its like an art installation (装置)in therea slow-motion show. “since the back building had been constructed without windows,an all-glass front was added to the building to give it a view of the courtyard,and skylights were installed in the roof. the back of the building is a working area and a living room for yocum and his wife. a sort of buffer (缓冲) zone between the front and the back contains a bathroom,a kitchen and a mechanical room,and the walls that separate these zones have openings that allow views through to the front of the studio and the courtyard beyond.yocum and bell,who have just completed an art gallery for the city,feel that the experience from the decoration of their buildi