第七章形容词和副词.doc

第七章形容词和副词考纲要求1掌握形容词和副词在句中的位置及基本用法。2掌握形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的构成及用法。 考点精讲一、形容词的用法表示人或事物的属性或特征的词叫形容词，常用来修饰名词或代词，在句中可作定语、表语、补语或状语。(1) 对于一个10岁的孩子来说，这是一个很难的问题。(定语)This is a difficult question for a _ child.(2) 这花很漂亮。(表语) The flower is _. (3)我发现这本书很有趣。(宾语补足语) I found the book quite _. (4) 他在风雪中过了七天，又冷又饿。(状语)He spent seven days in the wind and snow, _(一)作定语1通常放在其所修饰的名词前。(1) 这是一本奇怪的书。 This is a _ book. (2) 杰克是个英俊的男孩。 Jack is a _ boy.2下列情况，形容词作定语要后置(1)形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，放在其后。我有重要的事情要做。 I have _ _ to do. 今天的报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？Is there _ _ in todays newspaper? (2)形容词短语作定语，放在相应的名词后。所有居民，老的少的，全部出去欢迎总统。All the citizens, _ _ _， turned out to welcome the president. 我认识一个适合扮演这个角色的演员。I know an actor _ for the part.(3)以a开头的形容词常后置。他是唯一活着的人。 He is the only man _. 发生火灾时，杰克是唯一醒着的人。Jack was the only people _ when the fire broke out.3形容词与表示度量的短语连用作定语时，放在名词前后都可，但结构不一样。(1)It is a river two hundred miles long. 这是一条200英里长的河流。It is a 200milelong river. 这是一条200英里长的河流。(2) 那是一位85岁的老人。That is a man _. (3)玛丽是一个16岁的美国女孩。Mary is a _ American girl. 4多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序。限定词数量词描绘词(大小形状新旧颜色产地材料用途)被修饰词，有人把它编成如下口诀：“县”(限)代表限定词，包括：冠词，指示代词，形容词物主代词，名词所有格，数词。“官”(观)代表观点性的描绘形容词，如：fine，beautiful，interesting等。“行”(形)代表大小、高低、长短及形状的形容词，如：small，tall，little，round等。“令”(龄)代表年龄、新、旧的形容词，如：old，young，new等。“谢”(色)代表颜色的形容词，如：yellow，white，black等。“国”代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词，如：English，American，mountain等。“材”指修饰中心名词是表材料的形容词，如：stone，wooden，silk，plastic等。例如：一张黄色法国木制小圆书桌 a small round yellow French wooden writing desk 一个年轻貌美的中国姑娘 a beautiful young Chinese girl 一座白色小石板桥 a little white stone bridge(1) 一座灰色高楼a _ _ building (2) 一辆昂贵的日本跑车 an _ _ _ car (3) 那三张漂亮的又大又圆的发旧了的棕色木桌the _ _ _ _ _ _ tables 注意： 有些形容词在句中通常只作定语。例如：golden金黄的 wooden木制的 daily日常的 elder年长的 spare空闲的 sick生病的(二)作表语1有些形容词在句中只能作表语。alone独自的 afraid害怕的 alike相似的 alive活着的 well健康的 worth值得 asleep熟睡的 sorry抱歉的 awake醒着的 glad高兴的 sure肯定的 ill生病的(1)你并不是一个人。 You are not _. (2)那个女孩很害怕。 The girl is _. 2形容词作表语放在系动词后面，如be，grow，get，become，feel，look，keep，smell，taste，seem，turn等。(1)食物尝起来不错。 The food tastes _. (2) 天气变暖了。 Its getting _. 即学即练：()1.They crossed the _ bridge behind the palace. Aold Chinese stone BChinese old stone Cold stone Chinese DChinese stone old()2.What he said just now sounded _ Aquite perfectly Bnice and interesting Cnice or interested Dnicely and friendly()3.It is said that the film is _ seeing. Avery worth Bquite worthy of Cwell worth Drather worthy of()4.Mr. Wang has never seen _ place as Disneyland. Amore beautiful a Ba more beautiful Cso beautiful a Dsuch beautiful a ()5.I am feeling _ now. Agood Bwell Cnice Dbest 二、副词的用法副词通常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子，在句中主要作状语，也可以作表语、定语和宾语补足语，可分为：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和其他性质的副词。(1) 他总是努力工作。(状语) He always works _. (2) 她过两天就回来。(表语) She will be_ in two days. (3) 你认识在那里的那个人吗？(定语) Do you know the person _？ (4) 让他进去。(宾语补足语) Let him _. (一)副词在句中的用法1作状语(1)副词作状语修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末通常我晚上听音乐。 _ I listen to music in the evening. 我总在七点上学。 I _ go to school at seven. 请大声说。 Please speak it _. (2)副词作状语修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在前面，但enough作副词用充当状语时，常放在所修饰词的后面我对此事感到非常抱歉。I am _ sorry for it. 我们经常见面。 We meet quite _. 这本书很容易，我足可读懂。 This book is easy _ for me to read. 2作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词后(1)那里的学生正忙于写作。 The students _ are busy writing now. (2)今天气温是华氏70度。The temperature _ is seventy degrees Fahrenheit 【frnhat 】3作表语，主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及 here, there, upstairs, downstairs 等少数表示地点或方位的副词。(1)你母亲在家吗？ Is your mother _？ (2)现在大家都到齐了。 Everyone is _ now. (3)我现在得走了。 I must be _ now. (4)时间到了。 Time is _. (二)副词在句中的位置多个副词同时出现的顺序，方式副词地点副词时间副词(有时可提到句首)，如果有几个时间状语，单位大的应放在单位小的后面。 1.昨天她慢慢地走进教室。She walked _ into the classroom _. 2昨天下午我们在会议室开了个会。We had a meeting in the meeting room _ _. 3课程将于今天早上九时开始。The class will begin _ _ _ _ . 即学即练：1I didnt have a _ sleep last night. Did you sleep _？ Agood；good Bwell；good Cwell；well Dgood；well2My brother is two meters tall. It is difficult to find clothes_ for him. Abig enough Benough bigger Cenough big Dbigger enough3 How_ do you go swimming? Once a week. Amuch Bmany Coften Dlong4The plane landed _ at the airport. Asafe Bsafety Csafely Dsafeness5Dont bother your father. He is _ busy. Aquite Bmuch Cmore Dless三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法(一)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化形式1规则变化 构成法原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加er /est tall以字母e结尾加r/stlarge以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，的，双写结尾的辅音字母，加er/estbighot辅音字母y的词改y为i, 加er/esteasy busy部分双音节和双音节词在前面加more, mostimportanteasily2.不规则变化 原级比较级最高级good/ wellbetterbestbad/ illworse worstmuch /manymore mostlittleless leastfarfarther /furtherfarthest /furthestoldolder /elderoldest / eldest 注意：further 和furthest用于指更进一步；elder和eldest用于指长幼次序。(二) 形容词和副词各等级比较基本句型1表示“A和B一样”， 用“as原级as”或“the same 原级as”结构(1)He is as tall as I. 他和我一样高。(2)她工作像你一样出色。 She works _ _you. (3)这个橙子和那个一样大。 This orange is _ _ _ that one. (4)他走路像你一样慢。 He walks as _ as you do .2表示“A不如B”，用“not as(so)原级as”结构(1)The street isnt as(so) busy as where I lived. 这条街道不如我住的那条繁华。(2)他写字不如我认真。 He doesnt write _ _ _ I.3两方比较时，其中一方超过另一方，用“比较级than.”结构(1)The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月球大。(2)这部电影比那部电影有趣。This film is _ _ than that one.(3)I like spring _ than winter (well)4两方比较时，其中一方不如另一方，用“less原级than.”结构(1)语文不如英语重要。Chinese is _ _ than English. (2)这部电影不如那部电影有趣。This film is _ _ than that one. 5比较级前可加表示程度的状语，如much, far, even, a little, a lot，a bit等，可以用“3个儿子(a little, a lot，a bit)甚至(even)比妈妈(much)还走得远(far)”这个口诀来记住这些修饰词。(1)太阳比地球大的多。 The sun is _ _ than the earth. (2)英语比日语难多了。English is _ _ _ than Japanese. 6比较级and比较级表示“越来越”(1)天变得越来越冷。 It is getting _ _ _. (2)这些活动变得越来越重要。These activities are becoming _ _ _ _ 7.the比较级，the比较级句型表示“越，就越”。(1)越早越好。The _， the _(2)你学习越努力，你取得的进步就越大。_ _ you study，_ _ progress you will make. 8the (序数词)最高级.in(of). 表示“是中最的”(1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。(2)黄河是中国第二长河。The Yellow River is _ _ _ river in China. (3)三人中他学习最努力。He _ _ of the three. 9表示最高级，通常句中有表示比较范围的介词短语“in集体名词”或“of名词复数形式”或表示范围的从句，副词最高级前的the可省略。(1)China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。(2)青岛的春天是四季中最美的。The spring in Qingdao is _ _ _ of the four seasons.(3)所有的影片中，这是我看过最好的一部。Of all the films, this is _ _ _ that I have ever seen. 10否定词比较级than被比对象范围 (1)在班上没有其他女孩比玛丽高。 No other girl is _ _ Mary in her class. (2)没有车比这辆更慢了。 No car is _ _ _ this one. 11比较级(n.)anyone else/anything else/the other(n.复数)/any other (n.单数) 例如：Shanghai is larger than _ in China . Aany other city Bany city Cother cities Dall cities 分析：C错，应在other cities前加the；D项的all包括Shanghai，自己不跟自己比，所以D为错误选项；又根据比较级口诀：“同一范围要用other，不同范围不用other”的原则，Shanghai在China范围内，故选A。但如果把题中的China改成Canada 则上述题就选B，因为Shanghai不在Canada范围内。(1)Mary is taller than anyone else/the other girls/any other girl in her class.玛丽比她班上其他女孩都高。(2)杭州是中国最美的城市。Hangzhou is _ _ than _ _ _ in China.12表示倍数的几种表达A is three ( four, five) times the size(height , length , width) of B A is three ( four, five) times as big ( high , long , wide ) as B A is three ( four, five) times bigger (higher , longer , wider) than B This bridge is two times the length of that one. 这座桥是那座桥的两倍长。(1)这个学校是我们学校的五倍大。This school is _ ours. (2)这座山是那座山的三倍高。This mountain is _ that one.注意：表“两者之中较的”， 用句型“the 比较级of the two”。 Mary is the younger of the two .玛丽是两个人中年轻的一个。即学即练：1Johns father is _ than his mother. Aolder three years Bthree years older Cthree years bigger Dthree years old2Tokyo is larger than _ in India. Aany other city Bany city Canother city Dother city3_ they are，_ they feel. AThe more busy；the happy BThe busy；the happy CThe more busy；the more happy DThe busier；the happier4This shelf is _the other one. Athe same height as Bas higher as Chigh as Das the same height as5The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. Amore Bmuch more Cmuch Dmore much四、兼有两种形式的副词(一)close 与 closely close意思是“近”，closely意思是“仔细地”。(1)仔细看着他。 Watch him _(2)他坐在我旁边。 He is sitting _ to me. (二)late与lately late意思是“晚”，lately意思是“最近”。 (1)你来得太晚了。 You have come too _. (2)最近你在做什么？ What have you been doing _？ (三)deep与deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply意思是“深深地”，时常表示感情上的深度。 (1)他把棍子深深地插到泥里。 He pushed the stick _ into the mud. (2)最后我们都被他的故事深深感动了。 We all moved _ by his story at last. (四)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。(1)他高度评价了你的观点。 He think _ of your opinion. (2)小鸟飞得很高。 The bird was flying _. (五)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。 (1)他把大门敞开。 He opened the door _. (2)英语在世界各地广泛应用。 English is _ used in the world. (六)free 与freely free的意思是“免费”；freely的意思是“无限制的”。(1)你可以自由发言，喜欢讲什么就讲什么。You may speak _ and say what you like. (2)在我的餐馆里你什么时候都可以免费就餐。You can eat _ in my restaurant whenever you like. 近年真题回顾例1.There are 26 girls in the class, but no one is _ than Alice. (200720) Atall Bmore tall Ceven tallest Dtaller例2. This kind of bananas is _. (200823) Yes，it tastes very _ Agood；nice Bwell；nice Cgood；nicely Dwell；nicely例3.He is _ than any other boy in his class. (200926) A. tall Btaller Cthe tallest Dmore tall 例4.It was _ film Ive ever seen. (201135) A. the most boring Bthe more boring C. more boring D. most boring解题：例1从than可以看出考查比较级，故选D。例2考查形容词充当表语的用法，good充当is的表语，nice充当taste的表语，故选A。例3句型“比较级than any other 单数可数名词”表示最高级含义，故选B。例4分词的比较等级构成与多音节词是一样的，故本题选A。高考展望从近几年来看：“3证书”英语考试对形容词、副词的考查集中在：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级；形容词、副词的作用；感官动词与形容词的搭配；形容词的排序；形容词、副词与enough、倍数连用时的位置。实战演练：()1.No one in his class works _ he does . Aharder ; than Bhard ; than Cmore hard ; as Dhard ; as()2.If I am right，Olivia is_ of the two girls. Atall Btaller Cthe taller Dtallest()3.The_ thing in the universe is light. It travels at 300，000 km per second. Amore fast Bmost fast Cfaster Dfastest()4.We bought a _ house in the country because the air there is fresh and clean. Anew red wooden Bred new wooden Cwooden red new Dred wooden new ()5.God was a _successful student than Gavin. Aso Bless Cvery Dmuch 强化训练()1.My room is _ yours. Athree times as large as Bas three times as large as Cas large as three times Das large three times as()2.He did his homework _ than he did two years ago. Amuch carefully Bmore carefully Cmore careful Dmuch more careful()3.Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but_ this. Aa better；better than Ba worse；as good as Ca cheaper；as good as Da more important；good as()4.The _ a country is, the _ the peoples life will be. Amore rich；more good Bricher；better Cmore rich；better Dricher；even good()5.English people _ use Mr. before a mans first name. Anever Busually Coften Dsometimes()6.The food tastes _and sells _ Awell；well Bgood；well Cgood；good Dwell；good()7.Betty is a very _ and nice girl. Afriend Bfriends Cfriendly Dunfriendly()8.I dont know they are very much _ Alike Balike Cliking Dliked()9.Is there _ in todays newspaper? Asomething interesting Binteresting something Canything interesting Dinteresting anything()10.The poor man has no children. He feels _ when he is _ Alonely；alone Balone；lonely Calone；alone Dlonely；lonely()11.What _ news！Everyone got _ at it. Aan excited；exciting Ban exciting；excited Cexcited；exciting Dexciting；excited()12.My sister said she would try to speak _ Japanese every day. Aa little Ba few Clittle Dfew ()13.The Yellow River is one of _ in China. Athe long river Bthe longest river Cthe longest rivers Dthe longer river()14.None of the students watched it _ Acareful enough Benough carefully Ccarefully enough Denough careful()15.Today computers are used _ all over _ world. Awidely；a Bwide；/ Cwide；the Dwidely；the()16.He wasnt _ to join the army. Aenough old Bold Cso old Dold enough()17.The girl was _ afraid _ she could not say a word. Aso；that Btoo；to Ctoo；that Denough；to()18.It is _ cold day. Avery Bquite Cquite a Da quite()19._ she eats, _ shell be. AMore；fat BThe more；fatter CMore；the fatter DThe more；the fatter()20.Im feeling very _now. Agood Bnice Cwell Dbetter()21.Things are _ worse than I thought. Amore Bfew Cmuch Dvery()22.Tony is going fishing with _ boys. Atwo little other Btwo other little Clittle two other Dlittle other two()23.This film was _ than I expected. Agood better Bvery better Cmore better Dfar better()24.Which is _， Toms box or Jacks box? A. heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest()25.We have a lovely room. Its one of _in the hotel. Anice Bnicer Cthe nicest Dnicest()26.Jones looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. Ahappy Bhappily Cangry Dangrily()27.This eg