虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题.pdf

16 2 14虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题 虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题 The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望 猜测 建议或与事实不符的假设等 也可 以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况 而不是客观存在的事实 表示客 观事实要用陈述语气 虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的 虚 拟语气常用于复合句中 也可用于简单句 一 虚拟语气的用法 I Present Unreal l If I you he she we they 动词过去式 were did had etc should would could might 动词原形 e g If I had HIV I would know because I would fell sick If I were you I would give an AIDS patient a hug II Past Unreal l If I you he she we they had 过去分词 should would could might have 过去分词 e g If she had told him about the danger he would not have got hurt If I had known more about giving first aid I could have helped them III Future impossible 1 If I you he she we they 动词过去式 were did had etc should would could might 动词原形 e g If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time I could try my best 2 If I you he she we they should 动词原形 should would could might 动词原形 e g If he should fail in the experiment this time he would try again 3 If I you he she we they were to 动词原形 should would could might 动词原形 e g If we were to panic we would not be able to help 二 虚拟语气应该注意的问题 I 关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点 1 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不 一致 这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成 要根据所假设的时间而定 1 If I had taken the medicine I would be better now 如果我服用了那种药的话 现 在就会好些了 2 If the weather had been finer the crops would be growing still better 如果 前些日 子 天气更好些 庄稼一定会长得更好 2 If it were not for had not been for 也是一种条件虚拟语气从句 译为 要不是 因为 1 If it hadn t been for the doctor he wouldn t have recovered so soon 2 If it were not for the lack of space we would hold the sports meet today 16 2 14虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题 3 有些条件是由一些短语引出的 but for with without otherwise or but etc 1 We couldn t have achieved so much without your help If we had not had your help 2 Without solar radiation animals and plants would die 3 With better equipment we could have done it better 4 But for electricity If there were no electricity there would be no modern industry 5 I should have returned the book last week but I was so busy that I forgot to do so 6 He was having a meeting otherwise he would have come over to help us 7 He felt very tired yesterday or he would have attended the party 4 在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中 虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来 谓语动词用 虚拟形式 1 Any men in his position would have done like that 2 You should ought to have come earlier II 虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用 在有些情况下 条件从句中的谓语由 should 原形动词 构成 这时主句的谓 语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气 也可以是祈使语气 1 If it should rain the plan will would be called off 2 Should anyone phone please tell them I m busy 3 Even if If it should get stormy I will go III 表示要求 建议 命令的虚拟语气 表示要求 建议 命令的从句中 谓语动词要用should 原形动词 其中可以should 省略 下列例句可以表示这种虚拟语气 a 主宾语从句表示法 suggest order request advise require insist ask demand command propose等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should 原形动词 可以 省略 1 The doctor advised that I should take a rest 2 The London dockers demanded that their wages should be raised 3 He insisted that the meeting should not be put off l 当suggest insist 等动词表示 暗示 坚持说 时 其宾语从句中的谓语动词不 需要用虚拟语气 要用陈述语气 1 Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job 2 He insisted that he was innocent b 主语从句表示法 当以上动词用在下列句型中时 主语从句也应该用should 原 形动词 1 It is suggested that the building should be pulled down 2 It is ordered that the work should be started at once l 在It is was strange necessary wonderful important etc that 句型中 strange necessary等后面的主语从句中用should 原形动词 should可以省略 3 It is strange that he should refuse to come to the party 4 It is necessary that a doctor should be sent for at once 16 2 14虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题 5 It is important that we should learn from toehrs e 表语从句表示法 suggestion proposal order advice demand 等名词作主语时 其后面的表语从句 中也用虚拟语气 即should 原形动词 should 也可以省略 1 My advice is that you should give up smoking c wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气 e g I wish that she were here with me and that we weren t sick I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time d 在as if引起的从句中 动词一般用虚拟语气 通常用were e g People treat me as if I were a dangerous person I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday f 同位语从句表示法 1 That evening came the order that we should cross the river at once IV 虚拟语气中常见的句型有 1 It is high about time that 这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或should 原形动 词 其中should不可以省略 此句型译为 该是 时候了 2 would rather sb did sth had done sth 此句型表示 宁愿让某人 如果是没有发生的动作 从句用过去时 如果是已 经发生的事 从句用过去完成时 1 I d rather you left tomorrow 2 I d rather they hadn t gone to school yesterday 3 if only 此句型表示 要是 就好了 其后面句子的时态与wish引导的宾语从句相同 既 如果虚拟现在 要用一般过去时 如果是虚拟过去 要用过去完成时 如果是虚 拟将来 则应该用 would或 could加原形动词 1 If only I were a bird 2 If only I had worked hard as a student 3 If only I could land on the moon 4 连接词in case可用来引起的虚拟语气 形式通常为 in case 主语 should 动词 原形 in case句中should 的可以省去 也可以不用虚拟语气 而用陈述语气 1 He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain 2 He doesn t dare to leave the house in case he is should be recognized 虚拟语气单项选择 1 If I had had enough time I my work A would finish B must have finished C would have finished D had finished 2 Ten minutes earlier they the plane 16 2 14虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题 A will catch B would catch C would have caught D will have caught 3 Mr Green requires that the students a composition every other week A write B written C would write D will write 4 Had he studied hard he the exam A would pass B could pass C had passed D would have passed 5 I wish I what is happening there in his room A know B known C knew D should know 6 It is important that you sports every day A have B would have C must have D will have 7 If there were no water in the world everything A will die B would die C would have died D would have been dead 8 what was going to happen I would never have left her alone A Had I known B If I know C If I knew D If had I known 9 He ordered that the work right away A should finish B finished C would be finished D be finished 10 Shall we go to the movie tonight No I d rather at home with our baby You d better not leave it to the babysitter at night A you stayed B you stay C stayed D stay 11 in your position I would help him A Was I B Were I C If I am D If I had been 12 I but I was stopped by the heavy rain A mean to come B meant to come C had meant to come D meant coming 13 Mrs Black insists in that old hotel A not to stay B not staying C staying not D that he not stay 14 If you had spoken clearly you would A understand it B have understood C be understood D have been understood 15 If you that late movie last night you wouldn t be so sleepy A haven t watched B hadn t watched C didn t watch D wouldn t have watched 16 The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese A is B be C should be D were 17 If he he that food Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately A was warned would not take B would be warned had not taken C had been warned would not have taken D would have been warned had not taken 18 Without electronic computers much of today s advanced technology achieved 16 2 14虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题 A will not be B would not be C would not have been D cannot have been key 1 C 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 A 11 B 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 B 16 D 17 C 18 C 虚拟语气实战演练 1 Look at the trouble I am in If only I your advice 上海2003 A followed B would follow C had followed D should follow 2 be sent to work there 上海 2002 A Who do you suggest B Who do you suggest that should C Do you suggest who should D Do you suggest whom should 3 How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden 上海 2002 A has B had C will have D had had 4 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball otherwise he a goal 上 海2001 A had scored B scored C would score D would have scored 5 You didn t let me drive If we in turn you so tired A drove didn t get B drove wouldn t get C were driving wouldn t get D had driven wouldn t have got 6 My suggestion is that we a few more assistants to help the engineer working busily on the machine A sends B sending C to send D send 7 The CEO of the company insisted in the five star hotel A that we not stay B that we don t stay C we wouldn t stay D not to stay 8 It s high time we students even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer A work B will work C worked D have to work 9 It has been proposed that the school sports meet till next weekend because of the recent storm A should be put off B should put off C put off D would be put off 10 How I wish I to Athens where the 28th Olympic Games are being held A will pay a visit B have paid a visit C could pay a visit D had paid a visit 11 Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease she acted as if nothing to her while facing her friends and relatives A happened B happens C had happened D happen 12 If he his legs in the last training he the coming World Cup which he 16 2 14虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题 has been longing to compete in A hadn t hurt would join in B hadn t hurt would have taken part in C d