现在完成时态.doc

四川省纳溪中学初2016级八年级英语（下）导学案课题：Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? Grammar (Present Perfect Tense)编制：周宗英审核：崔影 审批：邱康平使用时间：2015-6-6 编号：67班级：姓名：组别：等级：【学习目标】学习语法现在完成时态，掌握其构成、句型及用法。【自主学习方案】a. 自主学习指导1、回忆动词的过去式和过去分词规则变化。1）一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick picked picked wish wished wishedstay stayed stayed2）以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like liked likedhope hoped hopeddance danced danced3）以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study studied studied hurry hurried hurried reply replied replied4）词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped stopped clap clapped clapped shop shopped shopped2、结合课本P111112学习现在完成时态的相关知识。b. 自学检测I写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词。wantseedieplaydropleavebuytakearebegindobreakrunteachsitliveII按要求转换句子。1. Robinson has made a small boat.（变为一般疑问句并做出肯定回答） _ Robinson _ a small boat?_, he _.2. We have already finished reading the story.（变为否定句） We _ _ reading the story _.3. They have been friends for many years.（对划线部分提问） _ _ _ they _ friends?4. Sally saw the film last week.（改为现在完成时） Sally _ _ the film before.5. They have made some delicious food for Tony.（对划线部分提问） _ _ they _ for Tony?二、合作与探究1. 不规则动词变化中的小规则（小组共同朗读并记忆）一、AAA型：按中间的元音字母来记忆：a-e-i-o-u（细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。）let-let-let（让）read- -（读，朗读）hit- -（撞击）cost- -cut- hurt- 二、ABA型：即动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。become-became-become（成为）come-comerun- - 三、AAB型： beat-beat-beaten (打、击败)四、ABB型：即动词的过去式和过去分词相同。build-built-built (建筑)spend- - lose-lost- keep-say-stand- -五、ABC型：即原形、过去式和过去分词各不相同。write-wrote-written (写)see- know- - sing- is- -fly-2. 现在完成时 1）基本结构：助动词have / has+过去分词(done)2）句型：否定句：主语+have / has + not +过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have / Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定) No,主语+ havent/hasnt.(否定)3）用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Ihave spentall of my money (so far). (含义是: 现在我没有钱花。)Guo Zijunhas (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿。)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的, 持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）, since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）*It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill . 玛丽已经生病三天了。我从1998年就住在这儿了。I _ _ here _ 1998.4）几个短语的区别：has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别have/has gone(to) : 去了(现在不在说话现场)e.g. Where is your father？He Shanghai.have/has been (to) : 去过（已不在去过的地方）e.g. 我爸爸去过上海My father Shanghai.have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所待的地方）e.g. 我爸爸在上海待了两个月。My father has been in Shanghai two months. / two months ago.5）现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: *以already, just和yet为标志e.g. Hehas gother help. 他已得到她的帮助。Hehasnt comeback . 他还没有回来。 He_ just _the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。*以ever和never为标志e.g. This is the best film Ihave ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 Hehas beento Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志e.g. He says hehas been tothe USAthree times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。2. 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。 *for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1) 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2) 不能与when连用【当堂评价方案】试着解决下列中考题。() 1. I _ a letter from him since he left（天津市） A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard () 2. Where have you _ these days？ I have _to Dazhu with my friends.（重庆市） A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone () 3. How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent () 4. Wheres Peter？ He _ to Nanjing（沈阳市） A. is going B. has been C. has gone D. went () 5. We have lived here _ five years ago（河南省） A. when B. since C. before D. after() 6. How do you like Beijing, Mr Black？ Oh, I _ such a beautiful city.（江西省） A. dont visit B. didnt visit C. havent visited D. hadnt visited() 7. My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been in B. have been toC. have gone to D. have been*() 8. His grandpa _ for two years（广西） A. was died B. has been dead C. was dead D. has died*() 9. His sister _ her hometown for three years Shell return next yea